rucni rad papir iz Meksika suvenir..

2 x 1,8 x 1 cm bronza samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad Prošle izložbe (Muzej Africke umetnosti) 16. februar 2011. - 20. avgust 2011. AUTOR IZLOŽBE I KATALOGA Marija Ličina, kustos MAU Na izložbi je prikazano više od 500 tegova za merenje zlatnog praha iz zbirke Muzeja afričke umetnosti, preko 200 tegova iz zbirke Slovenskog etnografskog muzeja u Ljubljani, primeri iz privatnih kolekcija. Pored tegova, izložba uključuje i prateće predmete kao što su vage, kutije i kašike za zlatni prah. Tegovi naroda Akan jedinstveni su u svetu po svojim oblicima - predstavljaju ljude (ratnike, vračeve, lovce...), životinje (ptice,krokodili, antilope...), biljke (kikiriki, cvetove palmi, patlidžane...), predmete (bubnjeve, sandale, topove...), i brojne druge figurativne i geometrijske motive. Koliko privlače svojim oblicima, kao umetničke forme u bronzi, dimenzija od tek nekoliko santimentara, akanski tegovi jednako su značajni kao svedočanstva o prirodnom bogatstvu zlata u Zapadnoj Africi. Njima je meren zlatni prah, koji je imao ulogu novca u Gani i Obali Slonovače kod naroda Akan od 15. sve do kraja 19. veka, u svakodnevnim aktivnostima - na tržnicama, u kraljevskim trezorima zlata i za naplate državnih taksi i poreza. Izložba „Tegovi za merenje zlatnog praha naroda Akan“, autorke Marije Ličine, predstavila je značaj koji su u globalnoj istoriji imali bogata nalazišta zlata, trgovinski i kulturni kontakti na prostoru Zapadne Afrike. Kroz izložbu, posetioci uče o prometu zlata od afričke obale Mediterana do Gvinejskog zaliva (u periodu od 10. do 19. veka), pustinjskim karavanima i evropskim flotama u pohodu ka akanskim zlatonosnim poljima, o običajima cenkanja do „poslednjeg zrna zlata“, boji plamena za tegove-skulpture u bronzi i drugim temama vezanim za istoriju i kulturu naroda Akan. Izuzetnost zbirke tegova Muzeja afričke umetnosti u Beogradu, sa više od 500 originalnih predmeta, kao i zbirka Slovenskog etnografskog muzeja sa više od 200 tegova koji su po prvi put biti predstavljeni javnosti, poslužili su kao polazište za obradu nekoliko temata: AFRIČKO ZLATO U STAROM SVETU transsaharska trgovina zlatom, od 10. do 16. veka ZLATNI PRAH KAO NOVAC I JEDINICE TEŽINE: proizvodnja i promet zlata u „zlatnim kraljevstvima“ Gane, od 15. do 19. veka; kulturni kontakti i razmena između afričkih, arapskih i evropskih civilizacija AMBLEMI TRADICIJE I DRUŠTVENIH VREDNOSTI motivi tegova kao ilustracije poslovica i izreka POUKE NA TEGOVIMA ZA MERENJE ZLATNOG PRAHA Kao i oblici, i značenja koja su tegovi-skulpture imali različita su: mnogi asociraju mudre pouke iz poslovica i narodnih priča, čuvaju sećanja na bitke, mitove i legende, ili predstavljaju određene simbole. Navodimo neke od akanskih poslovica: Lud je onaj ko puši i nosi bačvu sa barutom na glavi! Između ključa i brave, jedan je stariji - mora postojati vođa, čak i među jednakima. Ne treba ti veliki štap da slomiješ petlu vrat - kaže se za moćnog čoveka koji nepotrebno zlostavlja siromašnog i nezaštićenog. Snaga palmovog drveta je u njegovim granama - kraljeva moć leži u broju njegovih podanika. ---- ovaj teg nije bio na izlozbi u MAU ----- ---------------------------------------- Akan goldweights, (locally known as mrammou), are weights made of brass used as a measuring system by the Akan people of West Africa, particularly for wei and fair-trade arrangements with one another. The status of a man increased significantly if he owned a complete set of weights. Complete small sets of weights were gifts to newly wedded men. This insured that he would be able to enter the merchant trade respectably and successfully. Beyond their practical application, the weights are miniature representations of West African culture items such as adinkra symbols, plants, animals and people. Stylistic studies of goldweights can provide relative dates into the two broad early and late periods. The Early period is thought to have been from about 1400–1720 AD, with some overlap with the Late period, 1700-1900 AD. There is a distinct difference between the Early and Late periods. Geometric weights are the oldest forms, dating from 1400 AD onwards while figurative weights, those made in the image of people, animals, building etc., first appear around 1600 AD. Radiocarbon dating, a standard and accurate method in many disciplines, cannot be used to date the weights, as it is an inorganic material. The base components of inorganic materials, such as metals, formed long before the manufacturing of the artifact.The copper and zinc used to make the alloy are exponentially older than the artifact itself. Studies on the quality or origins of the base metals in brass are not very useful due to the broad distribution and recycling of the material. Studying the weight`s cultural background or provenance is an accurate method of dating the weights. Historical records accompanying the weight describing the people to whom it belonged to, as well as a comparative study of the weights and oral and artistic traditions of neighbouring communities should be part of studying the background and provenance of the weights. Scholars use the weights, and the oral traditions behind the weights, to understand aspects of Akan culture that otherwise may have been lost. The weights represent stories, riddles, and code of conducts that helped guide Akan peoples in the ways they live their lives. Central to Akan culture is the concern for equality and justice; it is rich in oral histories on this subject. Many weights symbolize significant and well-known stories. The weights were part of the Akan`s cultural reinforcement, expressing personal behaviour codes, beliefs, and values in a medium that was assembled by many people. Anthony Appiah describes[2] how his mother, who collected goldweights, was visited by Muslim Hausa traders from the north. The goldweights they brought were `sold by people who had no use for them any more, now that paper and coin had replaced gold-dust as currency. And as she collected them, she heard more and more of the folklore that went with them; the proverbs that every figurative gold-weight elicited; the folk-tales, Ananseasem, that the proverbs evoked.` Appiah also heard these Ananseasem, Anansi stories, from his father, and writes: `Between his stories and the cultural messages that came with the gold-weights, we gathered the sort of sense of a cultural tradition that comes from growing up in it. For us it was not Asante tradition but the webwork of our lives.` There are a number of parallels between Akan goldweights and the seals used in Harappa. Both artifacts stabilized and secured regional and local trade between peoples, while they took on further meaning beyond their practical uses. Shields are symbols of bravery, stamina, or a glorious deed, though not necessarily in battle. Double-edged swords symbolize a joint rule between female and male, rather than implying violence or rule with fear. The naming of the weights is incredibly complex, as a complete list of Akan weights had more than sixty values, and each set had a local name that varied regionally. There are, from studies done by Garrard, twelve weight-name lists from Ghana and the Ivory Coast. Some estimate that there are 3 million goldweights in existence. Simon Fraser University has a small collection, consisting mostly of geometric style weights, with a number of human figurative weights. Both types are pictured here and come from the SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography. Many of the largest museums of in the US and Europe have sizable collections of goldweights. The National Museum of Ghana, the Musée des Civilisations de Côte d`Ivoire in Abidjan, Derby Museum and smaller museums in Mali all have collections of weights with a range of dates. Private collections have amassed a wide range of weights as well. In the past, each weight was meticulously carved, then cast using the ancient technique of lost wax. As the Akan culture moved away from using gold as the basis of their economy, the weights lost their cultural day-to-day use and some of their significance. Their popularity with tourists has created a market that the locals fill with mass-produced weights. These modern reproductions of the weights have become a tourist favorite. Rather than the simple but artistic facial features of the anthropomorphic weights or the clean, smooth lines of the geomorphic weights, modern weights are unrefined and mass-produced look. The strong oral tradition of the Akan is not included in the creation of the weights; however, this does not seem to lessen their popularity. The skill involved in casting weights was enormous; as most weights were less than 2½ ounces and their exact mass was meticulously measured. They were a standard of measure to be used in trade, and had to be accurate. The goldsmith, or adwumfo, would make adjustments if the casting weighed too much or too little. Even the most beautiful, figurative weights had limbs and horns removed, or edges filed down until it met the closest weight equivalent. Weights that were not heavy enough would have small lead rings or glass beads attached to bring up the weight to the desired standard. There are far more weights without modifications than not, speaking to the talent of the goldsmiths. Most weights were within 3% of their theoretical value; this variance is similar to those of European nest weights from the same time. Early weights display bold, but simple, artistic designs. Later weights developed into beautiful works of art with fine details. However, by the 1890s (Late Period) the quality of both design and material was very poor, and the abandonment of the weights quickly followed. Tim Garrard (April 28, 1943 – May 17, 2007) studied the Akan gold culture. His research was centered on goldweights and their cultural significances and purposes. He was also interested in the gold trade, the creation of the weight measurements, and how Akan trade networks operated with other networks. His works and those that use his work as a base are very informative about broader Akan culture. The weights pictured here are part of the collection at the SFU museum. Donated to the museum in the late 1970s, they are part of a wide collection of African cultural pieces.

rad u drvetu ...

2,5 x 1 x 0,2 cm bronza samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad Prošle izložbe (Muzej Africke umetnosti) 16. februar 2011. - 20. avgust 2011. AUTOR IZLOŽBE I KATALOGA Marija Ličina, kustos MAU Na izložbi je prikazano više od 500 tegova za merenje zlatnog praha iz zbirke Muzeja afričke umetnosti, preko 200 tegova iz zbirke Slovenskog etnografskog muzeja u Ljubljani, primeri iz privatnih kolekcija. Pored tegova, izložba uključuje i prateće predmete kao što su vage, kutije i kašike za zlatni prah. Tegovi naroda Akan jedinstveni su u svetu po svojim oblicima - predstavljaju ljude (ratnike, vračeve, lovce...), životinje (ptice,krokodili, antilope...), biljke (kikiriki, cvetove palmi, patlidžane...), predmete (bubnjeve, sandale, topove...), i brojne druge figurativne i geometrijske motive. Koliko privlače svojim oblicima, kao umetničke forme u bronzi, dimenzija od tek nekoliko santimentara, akanski tegovi jednako su značajni kao svedočanstva o prirodnom bogatstvu zlata u Zapadnoj Africi. Njima je meren zlatni prah, koji je imao ulogu novca u Gani i Obali Slonovače kod naroda Akan od 15. sve do kraja 19. veka, u svakodnevnim aktivnostima - na tržnicama, u kraljevskim trezorima zlata i za naplate državnih taksi i poreza. Izložba „Tegovi za merenje zlatnog praha naroda Akan“, autorke Marije Ličine, predstavila je značaj koji su u globalnoj istoriji imali bogata nalazišta zlata, trgovinski i kulturni kontakti na prostoru Zapadne Afrike. Kroz izložbu, posetioci uče o prometu zlata od afričke obale Mediterana do Gvinejskog zaliva (u periodu od 10. do 19. veka), pustinjskim karavanima i evropskim flotama u pohodu ka akanskim zlatonosnim poljima, o običajima cenkanja do „poslednjeg zrna zlata“, boji plamena za tegove-skulpture u bronzi i drugim temama vezanim za istoriju i kulturu naroda Akan. Izuzetnost zbirke tegova Muzeja afričke umetnosti u Beogradu, sa više od 500 originalnih predmeta, kao i zbirka Slovenskog etnografskog muzeja sa više od 200 tegova koji su po prvi put biti predstavljeni javnosti, poslužili su kao polazište za obradu nekoliko temata: AFRIČKO ZLATO U STAROM SVETU transsaharska trgovina zlatom, od 10. do 16. veka ZLATNI PRAH KAO NOVAC I JEDINICE TEŽINE: proizvodnja i promet zlata u „zlatnim kraljevstvima“ Gane, od 15. do 19. veka; kulturni kontakti i razmena između afričkih, arapskih i evropskih civilizacija AMBLEMI TRADICIJE I DRUŠTVENIH VREDNOSTI motivi tegova kao ilustracije poslovica i izreka POUKE NA TEGOVIMA ZA MERENJE ZLATNOG PRAHA Kao i oblici, i značenja koja su tegovi-skulpture imali različita su: mnogi asociraju mudre pouke iz poslovica i narodnih priča, čuvaju sećanja na bitke, mitove i legende, ili predstavljaju određene simbole. Navodimo neke od akanskih poslovica: Lud je onaj ko puši i nosi bačvu sa barutom na glavi! Između ključa i brave, jedan je stariji - mora postojati vođa, čak i među jednakima. Ne treba ti veliki štap da slomiješ petlu vrat - kaže se za moćnog čoveka koji nepotrebno zlostavlja siromašnog i nezaštićenog. Snaga palmovog drveta je u njegovim granama - kraljeva moć leži u broju njegovih podanika. ---- ovaj teg nije bio na izlozbi u MAU ----- ---------------------------------------- Akan goldweights, (locally known as mrammou), are weights made of brass used as a measuring system by the Akan people of West Africa, particularly for wei and fair-trade arrangements with one another. The status of a man increased significantly if he owned a complete set of weights. Complete small sets of weights were gifts to newly wedded men. This insured that he would be able to enter the merchant trade respectably and successfully. Beyond their practical application, the weights are miniature representations of West African culture items such as adinkra symbols, plants, animals and people. Stylistic studies of goldweights can provide relative dates into the two broad early and late periods. The Early period is thought to have been from about 1400–1720 AD, with some overlap with the Late period, 1700-1900 AD. There is a distinct difference between the Early and Late periods. Geometric weights are the oldest forms, dating from 1400 AD onwards while figurative weights, those made in the image of people, animals, building etc., first appear around 1600 AD. Radiocarbon dating, a standard and accurate method in many disciplines, cannot be used to date the weights, as it is an inorganic material. The base components of inorganic materials, such as metals, formed long before the manufacturing of the artifact.The copper and zinc used to make the alloy are exponentially older than the artifact itself. Studies on the quality or origins of the base metals in brass are not very useful due to the broad distribution and recycling of the material. Studying the weight`s cultural background or provenance is an accurate method of dating the weights. Historical records accompanying the weight describing the people to whom it belonged to, as well as a comparative study of the weights and oral and artistic traditions of neighbouring communities should be part of studying the background and provenance of the weights. Scholars use the weights, and the oral traditions behind the weights, to understand aspects of Akan culture that otherwise may have been lost. The weights represent stories, riddles, and code of conducts that helped guide Akan peoples in the ways they live their lives. Central to Akan culture is the concern for equality and justice; it is rich in oral histories on this subject. Many weights symbolize significant and well-known stories. The weights were part of the Akan`s cultural reinforcement, expressing personal behaviour codes, beliefs, and values in a medium that was assembled by many people. Anthony Appiah describes[2] how his mother, who collected goldweights, was visited by Muslim Hausa traders from the north. The goldweights they brought were `sold by people who had no use for them any more, now that paper and coin had replaced gold-dust as currency. And as she collected them, she heard more and more of the folklore that went with them; the proverbs that every figurative gold-weight elicited; the folk-tales, Ananseasem, that the proverbs evoked.` Appiah also heard these Ananseasem, Anansi stories, from his father, and writes: `Between his stories and the cultural messages that came with the gold-weights, we gathered the sort of sense of a cultural tradition that comes from growing up in it. For us it was not Asante tradition but the webwork of our lives.` There are a number of parallels between Akan goldweights and the seals used in Harappa. Both artifacts stabilized and secured regional and local trade between peoples, while they took on further meaning beyond their practical uses. Shields are symbols of bravery, stamina, or a glorious deed, though not necessarily in battle. Double-edged swords symbolize a joint rule between female and male, rather than implying violence or rule with fear. The naming of the weights is incredibly complex, as a complete list of Akan weights had more than sixty values, and each set had a local name that varied regionally. There are, from studies done by Garrard, twelve weight-name lists from Ghana and the Ivory Coast. Some estimate that there are 3 million goldweights in existence. Simon Fraser University has a small collection, consisting mostly of geometric style weights, with a number of human figurative weights. Both types are pictured here and come from the SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography. Many of the largest museums of in the US and Europe have sizable collections of goldweights. The National Museum of Ghana, the Musée des Civilisations de Côte d`Ivoire in Abidjan, Derby Museum and smaller museums in Mali all have collections of weights with a range of dates. Private collections have amassed a wide range of weights as well. In the past, each weight was meticulously carved, then cast using the ancient technique of lost wax. As the Akan culture moved away from using gold as the basis of their economy, the weights lost their cultural day-to-day use and some of their significance. Their popularity with tourists has created a market that the locals fill with mass-produced weights. These modern reproductions of the weights have become a tourist favorite. Rather than the simple but artistic facial features of the anthropomorphic weights or the clean, smooth lines of the geomorphic weights, modern weights are unrefined and mass-produced look. The strong oral tradition of the Akan is not included in the creation of the weights; however, this does not seem to lessen their popularity. The skill involved in casting weights was enormous; as most weights were less than 2½ ounces and their exact mass was meticulously measured. They were a standard of measure to be used in trade, and had to be accurate. The goldsmith, or adwumfo, would make adjustments if the casting weighed too much or too little. Even the most beautiful, figurative weights had limbs and horns removed, or edges filed down until it met the closest weight equivalent. Weights that were not heavy enough would have small lead rings or glass beads attached to bring up the weight to the desired standard. There are far more weights without modifications than not, speaking to the talent of the goldsmiths. Most weights were within 3% of their theoretical value; this variance is similar to those of European nest weights from the same time. Early weights display bold, but simple, artistic designs. Later weights developed into beautiful works of art with fine details. However, by the 1890s (Late Period) the quality of both design and material was very poor, and the abandonment of the weights quickly followed. Tim Garrard (April 28, 1943 – May 17, 2007) studied the Akan gold culture. His research was centered on goldweights and their cultural significances and purposes. He was also interested in the gold trade, the creation of the weight measurements, and how Akan trade networks operated with other networks. His works and those that use his work as a base are very informative about broader Akan culture. The weights pictured here are part of the collection at the SFU museum. Donated to the museum in the late 1970s, they are part of a wide collection of African cultural pieces.

grncarija, pottery visina 27 cm sirina 20 cm preporucujem licno preuzimanje za ostale varijante slanja ne garantujem naiva, brut art samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad

grncarija, pottery visina 37 cm sirina 13 cm desna ruka naprsla, nije slomljena i nije lepljeno dole utisnuto `JB` preporucujem licno preuzimanje za ostale varijante slanja ne garantujem naiva, brut art samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad

grncarija, pottery visina 24 cm sirina 18 cm preporucujem licno preuzimanje za ostale varijante slanja ne garantujem naiva, brut art samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad

Maskota foka VIII Mediteranske igre Split 1979 godine skulptura od mlevenog kamena dimenzija 28x16x9cm tezine kilogram ipo vrlo dobro ocuvana.

mesingana pepeljara suvenir,,oko 20 cm

grncarija, pottery visina 16 cm sirina 10 cm samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad

grncarija, pottery visina 15 cm sirina 11 cm preporucujem licno preuzimanje za ostale varijante slanja ne garantujem naiva, brut art samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad

grncarija, pottery visina 32 cm sirina 18 cm preporucujem licno preuzimanje za ostale varijante slanja ne garantujem naiva, brut art samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad

LEPO OCUVANA I TESKA KORNJACA,DUZINE 20 CM

16 x 14 cm drvo / metal (verovatno legura) period : 1944 - 1950 samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad Socijalistički realizam ili socrealizam kako su ga pežorativno zvali, je jedno stilsko razdoblje u književnosti, slikarstvu, kiparstvu, arhitekturi i ostalim umetnostima, poteklo iz tadašnjeg Sovjetskog saveza, koje je trajalo od 1930-tih do 1980-tih. Suština tog pravca svodila se na glorifikaciju socijalizma i života u Sovjetskom Savezu. Kako se to razdoblje poklapalo sa vladavinom Josifa Staljina neki istoričari umetnosti zovu ga staljinistička umetnost, a deo njih ukazuje na mnoge dodirne točke sa nacističkom umetnosti koja se u to vreme paralelno razvijala u Trećem Reichu. Socijalistički realizam, bio je duboko prožet ideologijom i postao standard za sve koji su se hteli baviti umetnošću i bili članovi nekog udruženja iz krovnog Saveza sovjetskih umetnika, koji je bio pod kontrolom države. Neposredno nakon rata socijalistički realizam bio je stil koji se raširio po svim republikama, po svim institucijama i medijima. Celokupni dizajn nove države Federativne Republike Jugoslavije i svih njenih republika, napravljen je u tom duhu. Protagonisti tog novog stila bili su Božidar Jakac, Antun Augustinčić, Đorđe Andrejević Kun, Radovan Zogović, itd. Gotovo svi koji su stvarali u tom periodu, stvarali su u tom maniru. Nakon 1948. i formalnog razlaza sa Informbiroom počelo je i formalno udaljavanje od tog pravca koje je kulminiralo Krležinim referatom O slobodi kulture na Kongresu pisaca Jugoslavije 1952. ---------------------------- Socialist realism is a style of idealized realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union and was the official style in that country between 1932 and 1988, as well as in other socialist countries after World War II. Socialist realism is characterized by the glorified depiction of communist values, such as the emancipation of the proletariat. Despite its name, the figures in the style are very often highly idealized, especially in sculpture, where it often leans heavily on the conventions of classical sculpture. Although related, it should not be confused with social realism, a type of art that realistically depicts subjects of social concern, or other forms of `realism` in the visual arts. Socialist realism was the predominant form of approved art in the Soviet Union from its development in the early 1920s to its eventual fall from official status beginning in the late 1960s until the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. While other countries have employed a prescribed canon of art, socialist realism in the Soviet Union persisted longer and was more restrictive than elsewhere in Europe.

RUCNI RAD,LEPO OCUVANA,DIMENZIJA 31 CM

DRVENA MASKA,RUCNI RAD,DIMENZIJA 39 CM,LEPO OCUVANA

LEPO OCUVANO,DIMENZIJE

USPOMENA iz VRNJACKE BANJE (vrnjacka banja) materijal : STAKLO h = 8 cm, r = 8 cm (u najsirem delu) samo srbija ovaj predmet ne saljem u inostranstvo serbia only I do not send this item abroad Art déco stil je vizuelnih umetnosti koji je nastao u Francuskoj neposredno pred Prvi svetski rat, odakle se raširio u SAD i u Evropi u 20.-tim i 30.-tim godinama 20. veka u industriji i zanatstvu. U Engleskoj ovaj stil postaje zastupljen tek 1940-ih, a i Japan svoje izvozne proizvode izrađuje u maniri art dekoa, dok se u Kini javlja njegova mešavina s modernim stilom ranog 20. veka u tzv. stilu Amoy Deco (gradovi Šangaj i Kulansu). Nosi karakteristike mnogih pravaca u prvom redu kubizma, futurizma i secesije. Tokom 1930-ih, u vreme velike depresije, art deko je postao u većoj meri ublažen. Pristigli su novi materijali, uključujući hromiranje, nerđajući čelik i plastika. Lepši oblik stila, zvani Streamline Moderne, pojavio se 1930-ih, koji je imao zakrivljene oblike i glatke polirane površine. Art deko je jedan od prvih zaista internacionalnih stilova, ali njegova dominacija je okončana početkom Drugog svetskog rata, i uspon strogo funkcionalnih i neukrašenih stilova moderne arhitekture i internacionalnog stila arhitekture je usledio. Termin art deko je dobio svoje ime, skraćeno za arts décoratifs, po Međunarodnoj izložbi savremene dekorativne i industrijske umetnosti održanoj u Parizu 1925. iako su se različiti stilovi koji karakterišu art deko već pojavili u Parizu i Briselu pre Prvog svetskog rata. Izraz arts décoratifs prvi put je korišćen u Francuskoj 1858. godine; prema podacima objavljenim u biltenu Francuskog fotografskog društva. Novine Le Figaro su 1868. godine koristile izraz objets d`art décoratifs u kontekstu predmeta za scenografiju pozornice stvorene za Teatar de l`Opera. Godine 1875, dizajnerima nameštaja, dizajnerima tekstila, nakita i stakla, kao i drugim zanatlijama, francuska vlada je zvanično dala status umetnika. Kao odgovor na to, École royale gratuite de dessin (Kraljevska diplomska škola dizajna), osnovana 1766. godine pod kraljem Lujem XVI za obuku umetnika i zanatlija u zanatima koji se odnose na likovne umetnosti, preimenovana je u École nationale des arts décoratifs (Nacionalna škola dekorativne umetnosti). Današnje ime ENSAD (École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs) dobila je 1927. godine. Nastanak ovog stila seže u početak 20. veka kada je u Francuskoj bila značajno raširena secesija- sa svojim jednostavnim linijama i drečećim koloritom. Pored secesije su se tu pojavljivale i moderne tendencije pre svega kubizam. Ovi trendovi i zaluđivanje društva za sve što je moderno, na što su uticali novi pronalasci i razvoj industrije, uticali su na pojavu novog stila koji se prvi put prezentira 1925. godine u Parizu na izložbi dekorativne umetnosti (Exposition Internationale des Arts Dékoratifs et industriels Modernes). Na ovoj izložbi su bili predstavljeni predmeti primenjene umetnosti na koje je uticala pojava modernizma. Iako je novi stil bio u početku određen pre svega za bogate ljude i smatrao se luksuzom, on je zadobio veliku popularnost u širokoj publici i njegovi su se oblici reprodukovali u masovnoj proizvodnji u mnogim oblastima. Predmeti koji su bili određeni za svakodnevnu upotrebu su se odlikovali velikim sjajem, jednostavnošću linija i čistim bojama. Prilikom izrade predmeta kao što su ogledalca, ručni časovnici, ili svetleća tela počeli su se u velikoj meri upotrebljavati materijali kao: staklo, keramika, moderni bakelit ili uglačani hrom. --------------------------------------------- Bauhaus (nem. Bauhaus) ili punim imenom Državna škola Bauhaus u Vajmaru je bila državna škola za arhitekturu i primenjene umetnosti, koju je 1919. godine u Vajmaru u Nemačkoj osnovao arhitekta Valter Gropijus (nem. Walter Gropius) (1883—1970.) a predavači su bili i Kandinski i Kle. Razlog osnivanja škole bila je ideja o stvaranju udruženja zanatlija-umetnika pod upravom umetnika-predavača, u cilju zajedničkog istraživanja profesora i studenata u primeni novih tehnika, materijala i oblika u arhitekturi, proizvodnji nameštaja i proizvodnji upotrebnih predmeta. Teorija izučavanja procesa opažanja i boja primenjivana su u praksi. Programi po kojima se radilo u Bauhausu bili su veoma napredni za to vreme. Kao rezultat, grupnog rada i klime velikog entuzijazma, koja je u Bauhausu vladala od faze projektovanja realizacije, nastaju predmeti od kojih je potekao moderni industrijski dizajn. Krajem 19. veka u Engleskoj se javlja ideja o povezivanju umetnika i industrijske proizvodnje kako bi se ulepšali industrijski proizvodi, a uništile imitacije i kič. Spajanje umetnosti i industrijske proizvodnje (Arts and Crafts) pokrenuo je u Engleskoj Vilijam Moris već krajem 19. veka, ali su njihovi proizvodi bili individualni i bogato dekorisani, dakle nisu bili u skladu s modernim nastojanjima. Pod njegovim uticajem 1907. godine u Minhenu je osnovan „Nemački savez zanatskih i industrijskih proizvođača“ (Deutsche Werkbund). Jedna od struja u tom udruženju težila je standardizaciji (ujednačavanju) industrijskih proizvoda najbolje prilagođenih nameni, te i novim materijalima i tehnikama. Delatnost Werkbunda unapređuje i razvija Valter Gropijus, te osniva specijalizovanu školu za istovremeno bavljenje svim vrstama oblikovanja – Bauhaus, 1919. godine u Vajmaru, grada u kojem su tada na vlasti bili socijalisti. S vrhunskim umetnicima i izvrsnim pedagozima (Lajonel Fajninger, Georg Muha, Paul Kle, Oskar Šlemer, Vasilij Kandinski, Laslo Moholji Nađ itd.), Valter Gropijus vodio je dva kursa: - materijali i tehnike obrade (ručne i mašinske); - crtanje, projektovanje i teorija oblika. Prvi je direktor bio sam Gropijus, ali kasnije je direktor postao najpre Hanes Majer, a potom arhitekt Ludvig Mis van der Roe, koji školu pretvara u čistu školu arhitekture. Godine 1925. škola napušta Vajmar i seli se u Desau gde je prema Gropijusovom projektu 1926. dovršena zgrada Bauhausa. Sama zgrada je prelomno delo moderne arhitekture u kojem oblik sledi namenu. Škola se 1932. godine seli iz Desaua u Berlin, ali bauhausovce zbog njihovog internacionalizma, liberalnosti i brige za čoveka nacisti optužuju za „levi socijalizam“, i Hitler zatvara Bauhaus čim je došao na vlast. Dela profesora i studenata Bauhausa snažno su uticala na industrijsku proizvodnju i na razvoj industrijskog dizajna u Evropi. Mnogi izvanredni umetnici poučavali su u Bauhausu: Ani Albers Jozef Albers Herbert Bajer Marijane Brant Marsel Brojer Avgust Černigoj Lajonel Fajninger Naum Gabo Valter Gropijus Ludvig Hilberzajmer Johanes Iten Vasilij Kandinski Paul Kle Gerhard Marks Laslo Moholji Nađ Pit Mondrijan Georg Muha Hinerk Šeper Oskar Šlemer Jost Šmit Lotar Šrejer Naum Slucki Volfgang Tumpel Gunta Štolc Ludvig Mis van der Roe Maks Bil Cilj te škole bio je stvaranje novog udruženja zanatlije-umetnika pod vođstvom umetnika-nastavnika u zajedničkom traganju, i s učiteljske i s učeničke strane, za novim tehnikama, novim materijalima i novim oblicima koji će se primjenjivati na arhitekturu, namještaj i upotrebne predmete. U Bauhausu su se održavali kursevi stolarstva, tkačkog i keramičarskog zanata, slikarstva, grafike i fotografije. Praktičnom su radu bili dodati teorijski predmeti o percepciji i boji, i to prema programima vrlo naprednim za to vreme, s konačnim ciljem da u učenicima oslobode stvaralačku energiju. Iz mnogostrukih kolektivnih aktivnosti koje je razvijao Bauhaus, u raspoloženju velikog zanosa, od zamisli do ostvarenja, proizlazi moderni industrijski dizajn. Fotografija i grafika ponovno se otkrivaju u Bauhausu gde se eksperimentiše s beskonačnim mogućnostima vezanima uz upotrebu fotografskog aparata: kolaž, fotomontaža, dvostruka ekspozicija, uvećanje negativa i ostala tehnička sredstva koja su danas u svakodnevnoj upotrebi. Arhitektura, namještaj i razni predmeti oblikuju se na osnovu upotrebljivosti. Estetska vrednost nekog predmeta mora proizilaziti iz savršenog stapanja oblika i funkcije. Cela je Bauhausova produkcija obeležena najvećom mogućom jednostavnošću. Prema shvatanju Bauhausa, predmetima ne treba dodavanje ukrasa koji bi skrivali ili popravljali ružne i bezoblične delove, nego treba te delove oblikovati na lep, umetnički način i predmet će biti lep sam po sebi. Pod uticajem pojedinih pravaca moderne umetnosti (ekspresionizma, kubizma i naročito nekih grana apstraktne umetnosti), koji su težili pojednostavljenju i pronalazili nove oblike, oblikovanja upotrebnih predmeta dobija novo značenje – postizanje funkcionalnosti predmeta kao kreativan čin. Ideje Bauhausa poštuju se i danas u načelima industrijskog dizajna: jedinstvo namene (funkcije), poštovanja materijala i procesa serijske proizvodnje. Bauhaus je oblikovanje i kontrolisanje plastično-prostorne okoline postavljao kao idealan cilj. Program Bauhausa je bio otkrivanje osnove kreativnosti, zatim humanizacija funkcija predmeta, racionalizovanje novih oblika i na kraju priprema za industrijsko oblikovanje. No društvo nije bilo zrelo da prihvati takve predmete i Bauhaus je ostao samo genijalna škola- priprema za budući industrijski dizajn.

➡️ http://www.kupindo.com/Clan/Chuma/SpisakPredmeta Figura lava od ebonovine. Duzina: dužina 10cm, visina 5,5cm Trenutno stanje vidite na slikama.

➡️ http://www.kupindo.com/Clan/Chuma/SpisakPredmeta Glava žene od ebonovine. Visine 10cm Trenutno stanje vidite na slikama.

Dve maske lobanja moz za lampu od plastike je i gips maska zene ..

RUCNO RADJENA DRVENA MASKA,DUZINE 24 CM,SIRINE 13 CM

Stara drvena originalna Africka maska rezbarena tehnikom duboreza u drvetu dimenzija 54x8x4cm vrlo dobro ocuvana.

Odaberite poklon za sebe ili nekoga ko vam je drag - napravite svoju kombinaciju od pet bogova u lepoj drvenoj kutiji sa pokretnim poklopcem od stakla, čija jednostavnost ističe lepotu skulptura. Skulpture bogova iz naše mitologije su rad vajara Jovana Petronijevića i jedinstvene su u svetu. Triglav, Svarog, Mokoš, Rod, Lada, Roda, Perun, Dajbog, Veles, Devana... Kombinacije pravite po želji. Koja je vaša? Sve dostupne skulpture možete videti u našoj ponudi na sledećem linku https://www.kupindo.com/Clan/ROD-suveniri/SpisakPredmeta Možete odabrati boju (antičko srebro ili antička bronza)

Odaberite poklon za sebe ili nekoga ko vam je drag - napravite svoju kombinaciju dve figure bogova u lepoj drvenoj kutiji sa pokretnim poklopcem od stakla, čija jednostavnost ističe lepotu skulptura. Skulpture bogova iz naše mitologije su rad vajara Jovana Petronijevića i jedinstvene su u svetu. Triglav, Svarog, Mokoš, Rod, Lada, Roda, Perun, Dajbog, Veles, Devana... Kombinacije pravite po želji. Koja je vaša? Sve dostupne skulpture možete videti u našoj ponudi na sledećem linku https://www.kupindo.com/Clan/ROD-suveniri/SpisakPredmeta