Srebrne čaše poznog srednjeg veka u Srbiji, Muzej primenjene umetnosti 2010. 268 str. + CD sa muzikom komponovanom za izložbu u MPU tekst na srpskom i engleskom jeziku manja oštećenja rubova korica

Poppy Evans - Complete Guide To Eco-Friendly Design North Light Books, 1997 143 str. tvrdi povez stanje: vrlo dobro The first book to offer graphic designers a comprehensive and practical overview of earth-safe materials and techniques. Features 59 innovative case studies. Printing industry Environmental aspects United States 0891347240

Knjiga je dobro očuvana. ``Situated in the former home and workshop of surrealist painter Salvador Dali, the Salvador Dali House—Portlligat (Casa Salvador Dalí—Port Lligat) showcases the artist’s quirky work and offers a look into his eccentric life. Visitors can explore the house-museum’s maze-like interior, window-framed views, and kitschy decor including everything from mannequins to taxidermy. Outside, you’ll find a surrealist wonderland as well, with curiosities like a funky lip-shaped sofa flanked by giant Pirelli tire signs and an abundance of Dali’s signature giant eggs.``

Obradujte svoje najmilije, decu, prijatelje, roditelje : ) . . . Prelepa drvena muzička kutija koja svira temu Bella Ciao iz serije Casa de papel Lako se koristi. Samo okrecete polugicu polako i stvara se magija zvuka. Materijal: Drvo / Metal Dimenzija: 6.4 x 5.2 x 4.2cm Paket uključuje : 1 kutija sa melodijom Bella Ciao Casa de papel.

tvrd povez,extra kvalitet lista-plastificirani sa ilustracijom u boji,format A4 arnold mondadori 1972

Knjiga je ko nova

Autor: Brian Case / Stan Britt / Joseph Abend / Mladen Mazur Izdavač: `Mladost`, Zagreb Broj strana: 253 Pismo: Latinica Povez: Tvrd Format: 30 cm Džez je specifičan muzički pravac nastao krajem XIX veka u Nju Orleansu (S.A.D.), sa korenima u afričkoj tradicionalnoj muzici. Džez je prvenstveno bio narodna muzika porobljenog crnačkog naroda u Americi da bi vremenom dobio status umetnosti i postao osnova bluz i rokenrol muzike. Ovaj pravac karakterišu korišćenje bluz nota, sinkopa, svinga, poliritmova i improvizacije. Od gore navedenih karakteristika, najbitnija za džez je improvizacija koja ga odvaja od klasične muzike. U klasičnoj muzici, izvođači neke kompozicije su morali strogo da se pridržavaju nota, dok su džez muzičari bili muzički neobrazovani, ali izuzetno talentovani i samim tim je način izvođenja bio ličan i vezan za trenutak. Improvizacije su ritmički smele i neobične, sa obaveznim korišćenjem sinkopa, što je zahtevalo maksimalnu kreativnost izvođača. U ovoj knjizi su obrađeni svi značajniji kompozitori ili izvođači džez muzike, uz poseban dodatak o kompozitorima ili izvođačima džeza u Jugoslaviji. Tvrd povez. Korice knjige ponegde oguljene pri vrhu. Unutrašnjost u odličnom stanju, izuzev što na predlistu postoji posveta a na zadnjoj beloj strani pečat. Knjiga ima veliki broj crno-belih i fotografija u boji.

DIZAJN STANOVANJA * GREY,ARDLEY,HALL,KATZ,GAVENTA,WEISS Dizajn stanovanja, autori Johnny Grey, Suzanne Ardley.... prijevod djela The complete home design izdavač Znanje 2001 tvrdi uvez 312 strana, odlično očuvana knjiga.Pogleajte dodatne slike. POSEBNA POGODNOST, MOGUCNOST LICNE PRIMOPREDAJE U CENTRU U TOKU ISTOG DANA PO ZAVRŠETKU AUKCIJE NA LIMUNDU/KUPINDU, NE CASIMO CASA! Knjige, stripove, CD, albume sa slicicama, casopise i ostalo što trenutno imam u ponudi možete pogledati preko sledeceg linka: http://www.kupindo.com/Clan/zambezi/SpisakPredmeta

Goran Marković-MALE TAJNE MALE TAJNE Goran Marković Žanrovi: Film Izdavač: Krug Commerce Broj strana: 150 Pismo: Latinica Povez: Tvrd Format: 13.5x19.5 cm Godina izdanja: 2008. Opis Oslanjajući se na stvarne događaje i ličnosti koji pripadaju jednom burnom periodu istorije Beograda i istorije jednog pozorišta, autor se, po sopstvenom priznanju, nije libio da ta zbivanja prekraja, izmešta iz vremena u kome su se odigrala, a da osobe koje su u njima učestvovale menja, kombinuje njihove osobine ili ih, jednostavno, izmišlja. Knjiga Male tajne počinje odlukom bogataša Petra Radovanovića, milionera, čija je supruga nestala u Bad Klajnkirhenu na skijanju, da osnuje pozorište. Njegov kraj, uz ispijanje šampanjca do jutra 6. aprila, gde na brokatnom čaršavu, dok padaju bombe na Beograd, stoje dve flaše Perrier – joueta i dve čaše, puna za nestalu suprugu i jedna iz koje je pio, kao da je slika iz literature, a ne iz života…Čitaocu će se neizostavno nametnuti pitanje: Da li je Petar Radovanović postojao? I da li je ikada ispijen taj šampanjac? Male tajne delo je koje demistifikuje umetnički život, prikazujući ga u svom sjaju i svoj surovosti. Čak i kod nas, gde umetnici mahom žive skromno, pogotovo ako su zaista umetnici, i dalje vlada fama o ekskluzivnosti i blještavosti, neuništivom glamuru teatra i filma. U ovoj knjizi razobličava se do kraja ta uobičajena predrasuda. Govori se o realnosti bavljenja teatrom i filmom, profesijama izuzetno teškim, gde posmatrači nalaze glamur redovno, ponajčešće kada ga tamo uopšte nema. Knjiga u PERFEKTNOM stanju Stanje```10```⭐️ ----------------------- 06

Huntley Baldwin - How to Create Effective TV Commercials NTC Business Books, Lincolnwood Illinois, 1992 286 str. tvrdi povez stanje: dobro This primer outlines the full TV commercial production process from the creative copy and storyboard to preproduction planning, the actual production itself, and then postproduction editing and finishing. Highlighted with storyboard and shot examples. Contents: Part One: Commercials in perspective 1. A short history of commercials The beginnings: Radio days Television takes over TV commercials: The early years The creative revolution The sobering seventies `1984` and beyond What is past is prologue: Some conclusions 2. What makes a good commercial Everybody knows what a good commercial is Hard sell vs. soft sell: The line is drawn Left brain, right brain Left brain advertising: The dominance of cognition Challenges from the right brain: The case for feeling Whole brain advertising: A summary Part Two: Strategy to idea 3. Creative strategy: Asking the right questions The case for creative strategies Three key questions: Who? What? Why? Where to look for a selling proposition A close look at the product A close look at the prospect Summary: The chart grows 4. Creativity: How ideas are born Defining creativity: Getting down to the real intangibles How to be creative How not to be creative. Part Three: Idea to execution 5. How ideas take shape: Execution I Ideas and executions: Which is which The ingredients of a TV commercial execution Words, images, and symbols A variety of styles Summary: The chart grows 6. A catalog of formats: Execution II An introduction to formats: Cliché or Clio? Product presentation Demonstration Problems and solutions Slice-of-life Presenters Continuing characters Testimonials Vignettes Story People/narration Satire Musical Personification Symbolism/Analogy Summary: The chart grows 7. Production techniques: Execution III Production costs vs. production value Time and money How much does it all cost? Production techniques in perspective Live action and animation A short catalog of special effects 8. Putting it all together: Execution IV The chart as summary The chart as starting point Birth of the storyboard The script Commercial lengths: Sixties and thirties and fifteens Some rules that even creative people can life with Part Four: Storyboard to commercial 9. Visual storytelling Understanding video Visualizing the shot Visualizing (and describing) movement Transitions Cutting and continuity The art of storyboardsmanship Presenting storyboards 10. Does it work? The storyboard revisited: Five danger signals Timing: Beware the sixty-second minute The opening shot: obviously .. Structure: Leading the viewer by the hand Audio-Video integration Product integration Storyboard analysis: An example Can your storyboard pass this test? 11. Is it legal? The end of misleading advertising Who watches commercials? Copy claims (you can`t say that!) Demonstrations (waiter, there`s a marble in my soup!) Testimonials (I am not an actor, I am a real person) Rights (and wrongs) Four red flags Honesty is the best policy 12. Producing commercials From storyboard to answer print: An overview The bidding process What goes out to the studios The estimate The preproduction meeting Talent and casting Producers and creatives Production people: Who`s who (and what they do) Etiquette and jargon on the set Making tracks: Sound and recording From dailies to screening room 13. Evaluating commercials: Some aids to judgment The rise of numbers The dilemma of copy testing The state of the art: A look at two commercial tests What copy tests measure (and do not measure) The elusive E factor Summary: A few things to consider while waiting for the test scores to arrive Appendix I: Animation production Appendix II: Television of the imagination: Radio Appendix III: Direct response commercials Nonfiction, Video, Advertasing, 0844230316

Не дешава се често да се о једном песнику, посебно не рок песнику, у часу када је он, упркос свему, и даље стваралачки присутан – напише и објави докторска дисертација. Не дешава се пак често ни Бранимир Џони Штулић. Ни 30 година пошто је највећи песник југословенског рока напустио простор Балкана, одлучан у идеји да јавно не наступа, интересовање публике за његово дело не јењава. Напротив, и данас је (све)присутан. У овој књизи, заснованој на истраживањима која су претходила одбрани прве докторске дисертације о Штулићу, анализирају се његово поетско дело, животне епизоде, лутања, трагања – сусрети који су имали улогу у развоју песничке идеје и поетског израза култног аутора. 330 стр, илустровано

ROK PESNIK BRANIMIR DŽONI ŠTULIĆ Zlatomir Gajić Žanrovi: Domaći pisci, Muzika, Publicistika Izdavač: Službeni glasnik Broj strana: 324 Pismo: Latinica Povez: Mek Format: 21 cm Godina izdanja: 2019. Opis Ne dešava se često da se o jednom pesniku, posebno ne rok pesniku, u času kada je on, uprkos svemu, i dalje stvaralački prisutan – napiše i objavi doktorska disertacija. Ne dešava se pak često ni Branimir Džoni Štulić. Ni 30 godina pošto je najveći pesnik jugoslovenskog roka napustio prostore Balkana, odlučan u ideji da javno ne nastupa, interesovanje publike za njegovo delo ne jenjava; naprotiv, Štulić je i danas (sve)prisutan. U ovoj knjizi, zasnovanoj na istraživanjima koja su prethodila odbrani prve doktorske disertacije o Štuliću, analiziraju se njegovo poetsko delo, životne epizode, lutanja, traganja, susreti koji su imali ulogu u razvoju pesničke ideje i poetskog izraza kultnog autora. Knjiga je NOVA ---------------------------- 1w

Penny Delamar - The Complete Make Up Artist: Working in Film, Fashion, Television and Theatre Cengage Learning, 2003 275 str. meki povez stanje: dobro 28 cm | This fully revised second edition is aimed at anyone who wants to become a successful make-up artist. It offers a personal guide to the exacting world of media make-up. A dedicated web site features topic summaries and questions to test your knowledge and understanding. This volume presents the fundamentals and basic techniques needed to apply theatrical makeup for a variety of media situations. Theatrical makeup refers to makeup that is used to assist in creating the appearance of the characters that actors portray during a theater production. This work provides color and step-by-step illustrations throughout; hints, tips, and health and safety notes; activities and questions to test readers` knowledge and understanding; insight into the film, television, and theatre industries; step-by-step illustrations; detail on the role of the make-up artist featuring four case studies; and information on camouflage make-up and body painting. Penny has over 30 years of experience as a make-up designer. She was trained at the BBC and worked there for 10 years making up everyone from the Beatles and the Rolling Stones to Margaret Thatcher and Anthony Hopkins. Penny then worked as a freelance make-up artist on films such as `Santa Claus the Movie` (as personal make-up to Dudley Moore) as well as `Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom`, `Robin Hood Prince of Thieves` to name but a few. Delamar Academy is situated at the Ealing Film Studios and has an excellent reputation. As well as excellent prospects for graduates, Delamar prides itself on outstanding facilities, world-class tuition from experienced professionals and access to exciting work placements in the full range of media disciplines - fashion, TV, theatre, and film. Contents: Foreword Introduction Acknowledgments 1. Media make-up as a career 2. Straight make-up 3. Working in fashion and beauty 4. Body and face painting 5. Working in theatre 6. Working in television and cinematography 7. Historical make-up and hair 8. Hairdressing and wigmaking 9. Facial hair 10. Casualty effects 11. Prosthetics 12. Character make-up Epilogue Glossary Recommended reading Index 1861528906

Penny Delamar - The Complete Make Up Artist: Working in Film, Fashion, Television and Theatre Cengage Learning, 2003 275 str. meki povez stanje: dobro 28 cm | This fully revised second edition is aimed at anyone who wants to become a successful make-up artist. It offers a personal guide to the exacting world of media make-up. A dedicated web site features topic summaries and questions to test your knowledge and understanding. This volume presents the fundamentals and basic techniques needed to apply theatrical makeup for a variety of media situations. Theatrical makeup refers to makeup that is used to assist in creating the appearance of the characters that actors portray during a theater production. This work provides color and step-by-step illustrations throughout; hints, tips, and health and safety notes; activities and questions to test readers` knowledge and understanding; insight into the film, television, and theatre industries; step-by-step illustrations; detail on the role of the make-up artist featuring four case studies; and information on camouflage make-up and body painting. Penny has over 30 years of experience as a make-up designer. She was trained at the BBC and worked there for 10 years making up everyone from the Beatles and the Rolling Stones to Margaret Thatcher and Anthony Hopkins. Penny then worked as a freelance make-up artist on films such as `Santa Claus the Movie` (as personal make-up to Dudley Moore) as well as `Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom`, `Robin Hood Prince of Thieves` to name but a few. Delamar Academy is situated at the Ealing Film Studios and has an excellent reputation. As well as excellent prospects for graduates, Delamar prides itself on outstanding facilities, world-class tuition from experienced professionals and access to exciting work placements in the full range of media disciplines - fashion, TV, theatre, and film. Contents: Foreword Introduction Acknowledgments 1. Media make-up as a career 2. Straight make-up 3. Working in fashion and beauty 4. Body and face painting 5. Working in theatre 6. Working in television and cinematography 7. Historical make-up and hair 8. Hairdressing and wigmaking 9. Facial hair 10. Casualty effects 11. Prosthetics 12. Character make-up Epilogue Glossary Recommended reading Index 1861528906

Lepo očuvano 1989 Beograd / Dubrovnik Metka Krašovec, slovenska slikarka in grafičarka, * 7. oktober 1941, Ljubljana, † 24. april 2018. Metka Krašovec Rojstvo 7. oktober 1941[1] Ljubljana Smrt 24. april 2018[2] (76 let) Narodnost Slovenija Slovenka Državljanstvo SFRJ Slovenija Poklic slikarka Nagrade Jakopičeva nagrada nagrada Prešernovega sklada Prešernova nagrada Življenje in delo Uredi Slikarka Metka Krašovec je bila svetovna popotnica po prostranstvih zemeljske oble in globinah človeške psihe. Povsod tujka, povsod doma. Najbližji ji je bil Mediteran, vendar je živela v Ljubljani in ustvarjala večinoma na Bledu. Že v rosnih otroških letih je s starši veliko potovala, saj je njen oče Stane Krašovec služboval v New Yorku, San Franciscu in Beogradu. V času Metkinega gimnazijskega šolanja se je družina ustalila v Ljubljani. Tu je dobila prvi vpogled v umetniški atelje - atelje Mihe Maleša, očeta sošolke Travice Maleš. Pri osemnajstih letih jo je potovanje po Toskani in Siciliji za vedno navdušilo za slikarstvo. Leta 1960 je maturirala na Klasični gimnaziji v Ljubljani. Na Akademiji za likovno umetnost in oblikovanje (ALUO) v Ljubljani je študirala slikarstvo. Diplomirala je leta 1964. Študij je nadaljevala na specialki za slikarstvo pri profesorju Gabrijelu Stupici in ga zaključila leta 1966 ter na specialki za grafiko pri profesorju Riku Debenjaku in ga zaključila leta 1970. Študijsko se je izpopolnjevala v Londonu na Royal College of Art v Londonu, Anglija (1974–75) in v Athens na Ohio University, ZDA ter na številnih popotovanjih širom sveta, večkrat skupaj s prijateljico slikarko Alenko Gerlovič. Po končanem šolanju je svoje celotno življenje posvetila upodabljanju skrivnosti življenja in hrepenenja po harmoniji sveta. Formalni slikarski jezik jo je zanimal samo toliko, kolikor ga je potrebovala, da je najbolje izrazila eksistencialno izkušnjo. Slikala je velike formate, akril na platno. Grafike je ustvarjala predvsem v sitotisku in litografiji. Ves čas se je posvečala risbi. Ilustrirala je številne pesniške zbirke. Od leta 1968 je redno razstavlala na številnih razstavah doma in širom sveta. Nova dela je običajno predstavila v Galeriji Equrna. Skupaj s takratno generacijo mladih slikarjev in kiparjev ter Tajo Brejc je bila njena ustanovna članica. Samostojno je začela razstavljati leta 1968 in je imela 105 samostojnih razstav. Sodelovala je na več kot 340 skupinskih razstavah doma in po svetu. Leta 1977 se je zaposlila na ALUO v Ljubljani kot docentka za risanje in slikarstvo, 1986 je dobila naziv izredne in leta 1991 redne profesorice za risanje in slikanje ter tam poučevala vse do upokojitve leta 2008. Na umetniško pot je stopila konec šestdesetih let, v času popart in novega realizma. V zgodnjih delih: Tišine, Pričakovanja - velikih monokromnih slikah upodablja poslopja (priljubljen motiv je Frančiškanska cerkev), dele poslopij in pohištva ter oblačil (nema prisotnost ljudi) v nenavadnih perspektivah in sencah. Barve so močne. Več let slika v rdečih tonih s temnimi sencami. Dela so dramatična, prežeta z močnimi čustvi. Čutimo ljubezen, bolečino odsotnosti, strah, hrepenenje in močan metafizični naboj. Pomemben prelom nastopi s potovanjem v Mehiko, kjer spozna pesnika Tomaža Šalamuna (pesem: »Balada za Metko Krašovec«) in se z njim leta 1979 poroči. Naredi serijo grafik z upodobljeno stilizirano dvojico razpotegnjenih figur lebdečo v rastlinsem svetu. Barve so žive. Sledijo grafike s simboli moškega in ženskega principa ter različnih verovanj. V osnovi prevladuje živo rdeča barva. V iskanju duhovnega sveta sistematično raziskuje govorico simbolov. Potuje v Indijo in Južno Ameriko. Navduši nas z žarečimi barvami bujne narave pod sijočim soncem. Slika kozmične simbole v velikih formatih, akril na platnu. V letih 1981-1986 ustvarja slike in risbe na papirju (čas nove podobe). Klasično izobražena se zazre v staro Evropo v postmoderni dobi razpadajočih vrednot in iskanju novega smisla. Narisana kontura figure nas spomni na arhaično grško umetnost. V slike vpeljuje posamezne živalske figure. Izbruh risb s svinčnikom in tušem na beli ploskvi papirja. Pojavijo se številne upodobitve človeške figure v paru z živasko. Figure združuje erotika ne glede na spol ali naravo. Pojavljajo se ljudje z živalskimi atributi. Kot pravi umetnica sama, risbe ustvarja njena roka, ne da bi vnaprej vedela, kaj bo narisala. V obdobju 1986-1994 sebe in nas preseneti s ciklom Prisotnosti naslikanem v neoklasičnem stilu. To so slike izjemno povečanih ženskih glav in oprsij na nevtralnem ozadju. Dvojice obrazov odslikavajo svetu skrito duševnost. Posebej zanimiv je avtoportret Trojno ogledalo iz leta 1992. Vzporedno nadaljuje z risbo in jo razvije v miniaturni akvarel (1986). Na risbah se začno pojavljati drobci krajine in angelska bitja v stiku s človekom. Pogost motiv so ciprese in gaji iz umetnici ljube Toskane. Pozimi 1999/2000 se predstavi s pregledno razstavo grafik in risb v Galeriji Tivoli, MGLC Ljubljana in z najnovejšimi Zvitki v Mali galeriji Ljubljana. Slednji po svoji temi in barvni skali posebej izstopajo. V akvarelni tehniki upodabljene sivo-rjave silhuete ljudi se druga za drugo vrstijo v neskončnost. Zvitki so nastali sočasno s slikami golih drevesnih vej in debel (razstava v Galeriji Equrna) ob takratnem bivanju umetnice v New Yorku. Dela nas pretresejo. Leta 2012 je imela obsežno retrospektivno razstavo v ljubljanski Moderni galeriji. Nadaljuje predvsem z ustvarjanjem novih serij risb/miniaturnih slik in likovno opremo pesniških zbirk. Nova dela redno razstavlja. O svojem življenju in ustvarjalnem procesu je spregovorila v avtoportretnem besedilu Ogledalo in čas, 1994 (objavljeno v monografiji Metka Krašovec, zbirka Arkade). Leta 2015 je bila izvoljena za izredno članico Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti v razredu za umetnost, Metka Krašovec je za svoja dela prejela številne nagrade in priznanja, med drugimi nagrado Prešernovega sklada (1973), Jakopičevo nagrado (1983), februarja 2017 pa je prejela tudi Prešernovo nagrado za življenjski opus. Marca 2018, na 15. slovesni akademiji Univerze na Primorskem so ji podelili naziv častne doktorice.[3] 20. aprila 2018 so v KIBLI PORTAL v Mariboru odprli razstavo z naslovom `Metka Krašovec in umetniki - skupinska razstava`, na kateri se je predstavljala skupaj z umetniki, ki so študirali pod njenim mentorstvom na Akademiji za likovno umetnost in oblikovanje v Ljubljani.[4] 24. aprila 2018, štiri dni po otvoritvi razstave je Metka Krašovec umrla.[5] Bila je ena najbolj ustvarjalnih in cenjenih slovenskih slikark. Nagrade in priznanja Uredi 1971 Zagreb, 3. zagrebačka izložba jugoslovenskog crteža, Odkupna nagrada za risbo Reka, 6. Bijenale mladih, Nagrada za slikarstvo Castelnuovo - monti, Premio internazionale di pittura, Premio Emilia Milano, premio Le Arti 1972 Slovenj Gradec, Jugoslovanska razstava del likovnih umetnic, Nagrada za grafiko Zagreb, 7. zagrebačka izložba jugoslavenske grafike, odkupna nagrada za grafiko 1973 Ljubljana, nagrada Prešernovega sklada za slikarstvo, za razstavo v Mali galeriji, Ljubljana 1972 1974 Ljubljana, Kajuhova nagrada za likovno opremo 1976 Ljubljana, Kajuhova nagrada za likovno opremo 197? Čačak, 9. Memorial Nadežde Petrović, nagrada za slikarstvo 1982 Zagreb, 12. zagrebačka izložba jugoslavenske grafike, odkupna nagrada za grafiko 1983 Ljubljana, Jakopičeva nagrada 1996 nagrada bienala ARTES 1996 posebna nagrada risbe Alpe Jadran 2015 izredna članica SAZU v razredu za umetnosti 2017 Prešernova nagrada za življenjski opus 2018 častni doktorat Univerze na Primorskem

ISBN: 978-86-521-4998-8 Broj strana: 408 Pismo: Latinica Povez: Mek Format: 13x20 cm Godina izdanja: 2023. Izdavač: Laguna Knjiga koja je u trenu postala bestseler New York Timesa. Raspamećujuće zabavna, opasno inteligentna knjiga o filmu, jedinstvena i kreativna kao i ostala dela Kventina Tarantina. Pored toga što se ubraja među najslavnije savremene sineaste, Kventin Tarantino je možda osoba koja najzanosnije i sa najviše entuzijazma širi ljubav prema filmu. Godinama je napominjao da će se na kraju posvetiti pisanju knjiga o filmovima. Kucnuo je čas za to, a Bioskopska promišljanja odgovor su svim željama i nadama njegovih strasnih poklonika i ljubitelja filma. Organizovana oko ključnih američkih filmova iz sedamdesetih godina, koje je prvi put gledao kao mladi bioskopski gledalac, ova knjiga je intelektualno rigoriozna i pronicljiva koliko i razigrana i zabavna. Istovremeno filmska kritika, filmska teorija, reportraža, divan lični istorijat, napisana je jedinstvenim glasom koji se odmah prepoznaje kao Tarantinov. „Opako zabavno... Tarantino zna šta mu se dopada i mami čitaoca s lakoćom... Izuzetna pohvala prljavih i jezivih filmova njegove mladosti.“ – San Francisco Chronicle „Nimalo ne čudi što su Tarantinovi filmski prikazi jednako snažni, pametni i iznenađujući kao i njegovi filmovi: u izvesnom smislu on je godinama pisao i jedno i drugo... Tarantinova kritička inteligencija istovremeno prelama i odražava svetlost... Tarantino neumoljivo slavi ona prljavija zadovoljstva koja bioskop nudi.“ – New York Times Book Review „Briljantno i strastveno... Tarantinova radost, velikodušnost i jedinstveno stanovište podupiru njegove argumente, a kada govori loše o svojim junacima, on to čini iz ljubavi... Oštar, pametan i opsesivan, Tarantino je strahovito zabavan i teško ga je nadmašiti.“ – Publishers Weekly

Kao na slikama Deluje nekorišćeno Cekade Ervin Piskator Zagreb, 1985. 14 x 22 cm, tvrd povez sa omotom, 198 strana Erwin Friedrich Maximilian Piscator (17 December 1893 – 30 March 1966) was a German theatre director and producer. Along with Bertolt Brecht, he was the foremost exponent of epic theatre, a form that emphasizes the socio-political content of drama, rather than its emotional manipulation of the audience or the production`s formal beauty.[2] Biography[edit] Youth and wartime experience[edit] The Volksbühne Berlin, scene of Piscator`s early successes as a stage director in 1924 Erwin Friedrich Max Piscator was born on 17 December 1893 in the small Prussian village of Greifenstein-Ulm, the son of Carl Piscator, a merchant, and his wife Antonia Laparose.[3] His family was descended from Johannes Piscator, a Protestant theologian who produced an important translation of the Bible in 1600.[4] The family moved to the university town Marburg in 1899 where Piscator attended the Gymnasium Philippinum. In the autumn of 1913, he attended a private Munich drama school and enrolled at University of Munich to study German, philosophy and art history. Piscator also took Arthur Kutscher`s famous seminar in theatre history, which Bertolt Brecht later also attended.[5] Piscator began his acting career in the autumn of 1914, in small unpaid roles at the Munich Court Theatre, under the directorship of Ernst von Possart. In 1896, Karl Lautenschläger had installed one of the world`s first revolving stages in that theatre.[6] During the First World War, Piscator was drafted into the German army, serving in a frontline infantry unit as a Landsturm soldier from the spring of 1915 (and later as a signaller). The experience inspired a hatred of militarism and war that lasted for the rest of his life. He wrote a few bitter poems that were published in 1915 and 1916 in the left-wing Expressionist literary magazine Die Aktion. In summer 1917, having participated in the battles at Ypres Salient and been in hospital once, he was assigned to a newly established army theatre unit. In November 1918, when the armistice was declared, Piscator participated in the November Revolution, giving a speech in Hasselt at the first meeting of a revolutionary Soldiers` Council (Soviet).[6] Early success in the Weimar Republic[edit] Piscator returned to Berlin and joined the newly formed Communist Party of Germany (KPD). He left briefly for Königsberg, where he joined the Tribunal Theatre. He participated in several expressionist plays and played the student, Arkenholz, in the Ghost Sonata by August Strindberg. He joined Hermann Schüller in establishing the Proletarian Theatre, Stage of the Revolutionary Workers of Greater Berlin.[7] The Piscator-Bühne in Berlin (1927–29), formerly known as Neues Schauspielhaus In collaboration with writer Hans José Rehfisch, Piscator formed a theatre company in Berlin at the Comedy-Theater on Alte Jacobsstrasse, following the Volksbühne (`people`s stage`) concept. In 1922–1923 they staged works by Maxim Gorky, Romain Rolland, and Leo Tolstoy.[8] As stage director at the Volksbühne (1924–1927), and later as managing director at his own theatre (the Piscator-Bühne on Nollendorfplatz), Piscator produced social and political plays especially suited to his theories. His dramatic aims were utilitarian — to influence voters or clarify left-wing policies. He used mechanized sets, lectures, movies, and mechanical devices that appealed to his audiences. In 1926, his updated production of Friedrich Schiller`s The Robbers at the distinguished Preußisches Staatstheater in Berlin provoked widespread controversy. Piscator made extensive cuts to the text and reinterpreted the play as a vehicle for his political beliefs. He presented the protagonist Karl Moor as a substantially self-absorbed insurgent. As Moor`s foil, Piscator made the character of Spiegelberg, often presented as a sinister figure, the voice of the working-class revolution. Spiegelberg appeared as a Trotskyist intellectual, slightly reminiscent of Charlie Chaplin with his cane and bowler hat. As he died, the audience heard The Internationale sung. Piscator founded the influential (though short-lived) Piscator-Bühne in Berlin in 1927. In 1928 he produced a notable adaptation of the unfinished, episodic Czech comic novel The Good Soldier Schweik. The dramaturgical collective that produced this adaptation included Bertolt Brecht.[9] Brecht later described it as a `montage from the novel`.[10] Leo Lania`s play Konjunktur (Oil Boom) premiered in Berlin in 1928, directed by Erwin Piscator, with incidental music by Kurt Weill. Three oil companies fight over the rights to oil production in a primitive Balkan country, and in the process exploit the people and destroy the environment. Weill`s songs from this play, such as Die Muschel von Margate, are still part of the modern repertoire of art music.[11] In 1929 Piscator published his The Political Theatre, discussions of the theory of theatre .[12] In the preface to its 1963 edition, Piscator wrote that the book was `assembled in hectic sessions during rehearsals for The Merchant of Berlin` by Walter Mehring, which had opened on 6 September 1929 at the second Piscator-Bühne.[13] It was intended to provide `a definitive explanation and elucidation of the basic facts of epic, i.e. political theatre`, which at that time `was still meeting with widespread rejection and misapprehension.`[13] Three decades later, Piscator said that: The justification for epic techniques is no longer disputed by anyone, but there is considerable confusion about what should be expressed by these means. The functional character of these epic techniques, in other words their inseparability from a specific content (the specific content, the specific message determines the means and not vice versa!) has by now become largely obscured. So we are still standing at the starting blocks. The race is not yet on ...[14] International work, emigration, and late productions in West Germany[edit] Piscator was theater manager of The Freie Volksbühne Berlin from 1962 until his death. In 1931, after the collapse of the third Piscator-Bühne, Piscator went to Moscow in order to make the motion picture Revolt of the Fishermen with actor Aleksei Dikiy, for Mezhrabpom, the Soviet film company associated with the International Workers` Relief Organisation.[15] As John Willett wrote, throughout the pre-Hitler years Piscator`s `commitment to the Russian Revolution was a decisive factor in all his work.`[16] With Hitler`s rise to power in 1933, Piscator`s stay in the Soviet Union became exile.[17] In July 1936, Piscator left the Soviet Union for France. In 1937, he married dancer Maria Ley in Paris. Bertolt Brecht was one of the groomsmen. During his years in Berlin, Piscator had collaborated with Lena Goldschmidt on a stage adaptation of Theodore Dreiser`s bestselling novel An American Tragedy; under the title The Case of Clyde Griffiths. With American Lee Strasberg as director, it had run for 19 performances on Broadway in 1936. When Piscator and Ley subsequently immigrated to the United States in 1939, Piscator was invited by Alvin Johnson, the founding president of The New School, to establish a theatre workshop. Among Piscator`s students at this Dramatic Workshop in New York were Bea Arthur, Harry Belafonte, Marlon Brando, Tony Curtis, Ben Gazzara, Judith Malina, Walter Matthau, Rod Steiger, Elaine Stritch, Eli Wallach, Jack Creley, and Tennessee Williams.[18] Established in New York, Erwin and Maria Ley-Piscator lived at 17 East 76th Street, an Upper East Side townhome, sometimes remembered as the Piscator House.[19] After World War II and the break-up of Germany, Piscator returned to West Germany in 1951 due to McCarthy era political pressure in the United States against former communists in the arts.[20] In 1962 Piscator was appointed manager and director of the Freie Volksbühne in West Berlin. To much international critical acclaim, in February 1963 Piscator premièred Rolf Hochhuth`s The Deputy, a play `about Pope Pius XII and the allegedly neglected rescue of Italian Jews from Nazi gas chambers.`[21] Until his death in 1966, Piscator was a major exponent of contemporary and documentary theatre. Piscator`s wife, Maria Ley, died in New York City in 1999. Effects on theatre[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: `Erwin Piscator` – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Piscator, a sculpture in the London Borough of Camden by Eduardo Paolozzi In lieu of private themes we had generalisation, in lieu of what was special the typical, in lieu of accident causality. Decorativeness gave way to constructedness, Reason was put on a par with Emotion, while sensuality was replaced by didacticism and fantasy by documentary reality. Erwin Piscator, 1929.[22] Piscator`s contribution to theatre has been described by theatre historian Günther Rühle as `the boldest advance made by the German stage` during the 20th century.[23] Piscator`s theatre techniques of the 1920s — such as the extensive use of still and cinematic projections from 1925 on, as well as complex scaffold stages — had an extensive influence on European and American production methods. His dramaturgy of contrasts led to sharp political satirical effects and anticipated the commentary techniques of epic theatre.[citation needed] In the Federal Republic of Germany, Piscator`s interventionist theatre model enjoyed a late second zenith. From 1962 on, Piscator produced several works that dealt with trying to come to terms with the Germans` Nazi past and other timely issues; he inspired mnemonic and documentary theatre in those years until his death. Piscator`s stage adaptation of Leo Tolstoy`s novel War and Peace[24] has been produced in some 16 countries since 1955, including three productions in New York City.[citation needed] Legacy and honors[edit] Opening of an exhibition on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Erwin Piscator`s death, Berlin, 2016 In 1980, a monumental sculpture by Scottish artist Eduardo Paolozzi was dedicated to Piscator in central London.[25] In the fall of 1985, an annual Erwin Piscator Award was inaugurated in New York City, the adopted home of Piscator`s widow Maria Ley. Additionally, a Piscator Prize of Honors has been annually awarded to generous patrons of art and culture in commemoration of Maria Ley since 1996. The host of the Erwin Piscator Award is the international non-profit organisation `Elysium − between two continents` that aims to foster artistic and academic dialogue and exchange between the United States and Europe. In 2016, a Piscator monument was erected in his birthplace of Greifenstein-Ulm.[26] Piscator`s artistic papers are held by the archive of the Academy of Arts, Berlin (since 1966) and the Southern Illinois University Carbondale (Morris Library, since 1971).[27] Broadway productions[edit] Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Nathan the Wise (Belasco Theatre, April 1942) Irving Kaye Davis, The Last Stop (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, September 1944) Films[edit] Revolt of the Fishermen (Восстание рыбаков). Director: Erwin Piscator, Screenplay: Georgi Grebner, Willy Döll, Producer: Mikhail Doller, USSR 1932–1934. Works[edit] Piscator, Erwin. 1929. The Political Theatre. A History 1914–1929. Translated by Hugh Rorrison. New York: Avon, 1978. ISBN 978-0-380401-88-8 (= London: Methuen, 1980. ISBN 978-0-413335-00-5). The ReGroup Theatre Company (ed.): The `Lost` Group Theatre Plays. Volume 3. The House of Connelly, Johnny Johnson, & Case of Clyde Griffiths. By Paul Green and Erwin Piscator. Prefaces by Judith Malina & William Ivey Long. New York, NY: CreateSpace, 2013. ISBN 978-1-484150-13-9. Tolstoy, Leo. War and Peace. Adapted for the Stage by Alfred Neumann, Erwin Piscator, and Guntram Prüfer. English adaptation by Robert David MacDonald. Preface by Bamber Gascoigne. London: Macgibbon & Kee, 1963. Literature[edit] Connelly, Stacey Jones. Forgotten Debts: Erwin Piscator and the Epic Theatre. Bloomington: Indiana University 1991. Innes, Christopher D. Erwin Piscator`s Political Theatre: The Development of Modern German Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1972. Ley-Piscator, Maria. The Piscator Experiment. The Political Theatre. New York: James H. Heineman 1967. ISBN 0-8093-0458-9. Malina, Judith. The Piscator Notebook. London: Routledge Chapman & Hall 2012. ISBN 0-415-60073-1. McAlpine, Sheila. Visual Aids in the Productions of the First Piscator-Bühne, 1927–28. Frankfurt, Bern, New York etc.: Lang 1990. Probst, Gerhard F. Erwin Piscator and the American Theatre. New York, San Francisco, Bern etc. 1991. Rorrison, Hugh. Erwin Piscator: Politics on the Stage in the Weimar Republic. Cambridge, Alexandria VA 1987. Wannemacher, Klaus. Moving Theatre Back to the Spotlight: Erwin Piscator’s Later Stage Work. In: The Great European Stage Directors. Vol. 2. Meyerhold, Piscator, Brecht. Ed. by David Barnett. London etc.: Bloomsbury (Methuen Drama) 2018, pp. 91–129. ISBN 1-474-25411-X. Willett, John. The Theatre of Erwin Piscator: Half a Century of Politics in the Theatre. London: Methuen 1978. ISBN 0-413-37810-1. External links[edit] Biography portal Erwin Piscator at IMDb Website on Erwin Piscator, including `Annotated Erwin Piscator Bibliography` with more than 1300 title entries (German) Erwin Piscator Papers, 1930–1971 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Special Collections Research Center Information on the annual Erwin Piscator Award Photo of Piscator at Find a Grave Tags: Politika i knjizevnost bertolt Breht angažovana knjizevnost sartr avangarda

U dobrom stanju Gino Covili: Un epico calvario contadino Milano, Vangelista, 1974, 8vo brossura editoriale con copertina illustrata a colori, pp. 155 con numerose ill. in nero e col. n.t. Gino Covili (Pavullo nel Frignano, 21 marzo 1918 – Pavullo nel Frignano, 6 maggio 2005) è stato un pittore italiano. Nato in una famiglia di origine modesta, vive l`infanzia senza la figura paterna dato che il suo genitore era emigrato in Francia per motivi di lavoro. Dopo aver conseguito la licenza elementare inizia a lavorare come apprendista barbiere e poi in un pastificio locale.[1] Dopo aver prestato servizio militare per diversi anni, durante il fascismo, si aggrega alla Resistenza alla quale partecipa per circa un biennio. Alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale trova un lavoro come manovale in edilizia che gli consente di sposarsi e mettere al mondo dei figli. Nel 1950 riesce ad avere un posto come bidello nella scuola di Pavullo, un lavoro modesto ma certamente meno pesante di quello di manovale. Il maggior tempo libero gli consente di poter tornare a quella che era stata la passione della sua infanzia, il disegno e la pittura. Discussione per la formazione della cooperativa, 1975 Al 1964 risale la sua prima mostra personale a Bologna, alla quale segue una mostra a Milano nel 1969, presentato da Mario De Micheli, che lo impone all`attenzione della critica. A seguito del favore incontrato dalle sue opere, decide di lasciare il posto di bidello e di occuparsi di pittura a livello professionale. Segue un trentennio di grande attività che lo vede esporre in centri sempre più importanti dove ha la possibilità di incontrare e conoscere pittori come Roberto Matta e Carlo Levi, e personaggi come il regista Luchino Visconti, il poeta Rafael Alberti, lo sceneggiatore e scrittore Cesare Zavattini e il direttore della fotografia Vittorio Storaro. L`amicizia d`infanzia e poi durante la resistenza con il poeta Vico Faggi, in quegli anni, si rafforza con un confronto e una collaborazione costanti. Fra il 1971 e il 1972 dipinge alcune delle sue opere più rappresentative e viene in contatto con l`ambiente artistico romano presso il quale conosce attori, registi scrittori ed altri intellettuali. Gino Covili è stato un pittore di cicli. L`aspra fatica, la solitudine, lo scoramento non possono non lasciare traccia nell`esistenza degli uomini e non possono lasciare indifferente un pittore come Covili. Dal 1973 al 1977 Gino Covili frequenta l`Ospedale Psichiatrico di Gaiato: lo attraggono la curiosità, il senso di solidarietà, il desiderio di comunicare e di aiutare. Nasce un ciclo di 140 opere che costituiscono uno dei punti più amari, più allarmati ma anche più poetici dell`iconografia del pittore. Il ciclo è documentato dal volume `Gino Covili, Gli Esclusi` per le edizioni Quodlibet.[3] In quegli anni incontra e conosce lo psichiatra Franco Basaglia che apprezza il suo lavoro dedicato ai malati di mente. Nel 1990 tiene una mostra antologica a Perugia dove viene presentata la sua storia pittorica di quasi quarant`anni. Dal 1992 al 1994, Gino Covili si dedica al ciclo `Francesco`, 83 opere tra quadri e disegni, sulla vita del santo di Assisi. Il ciclo nasce da una situazione personale di grande trepidazione: dipingere la vita di San Francesco per aiutare il figlio a guarire, dopo un grave incidente.[4] Il ciclo è quindi un ex voto per grazia ricevuta. Tali opere vengono esposte nel 1994 nella Chiesa di San Damiano (Assisi) e la Rizzoli Grandi Opere pubblica il volume `Francesco` di Gino Covili. Tra il 1996 e il 1997, Gino Covili realizza il ciclo pittorico `il Paese Ritrovato`, attualmente esposto al Centro Museale Montecuccolo[6] presso il Castello di Montecuccolo di Pavullo nel Frignano nella mostra permanente `Il paese ritrovato`, composta da 58 opere, un viaggio della memoria del pittore in omaggio al suo paese. La collezione è stata oggetto del libro `Il Paese Ritrovato` edito da Franco Maria Ricci editore. Il paese dorme e sogna, 1996-97 Il 3 settembre 2002, durante la 59ª Mostra Internazionale d`Arte Cinematografica di Venezia viene presentato il film di Vittorio Storaro `Gino Covili: Le stagioni della vita`. Nel 2005 espone nella Sala della Regina presso il Parlamento Italiano nella mostra `Storaro-Covili: il segno di un destino`.[9] In tale occasione, Gino Covili volle donare la scultura `L`Ultimo Covone` alla pinacoteca del Parlamento Italiano. L`artista muore a Pavullo pochi giorni prima dell`inaugurazione della mostra, il 6 maggio 2005. Dal 2019, a Pavullo nel Frignano, è aperta la Casa Museo Covili, con un percorso espositivo di oltre 120 opere realizzate nel corso della vita dell`artista, all`interno degli ambienti in cui ha vissuto ed ha lavorato per molti anni.

Odlično Retko! Plavi dvorac 1977 Gojko Berkuljan je rođen 6. septembra 1923. godine u Nikšiću. Poticao je iz porodice školovanih građanskih zanatlija, koji su još u vrijeme Kraljevine Crne Gore osnovali zadružnu manufakturu. Gojkov otac Konstantin bio je borac crnogorskih jedinica u Balkanskim ratovima i I svjetskom ratu. U Albaniji je ranjavan. Koncem dvadesetih godina prošlog vijeka preselio se sa porodicom na kratko u Kotor, a zatim na Cetinje, da bi se tamo definitivno nastanio i osnovao stolarsku radnju. Gojko je na Cetinju završio osnovnu školu i nižu gimnaziju, a kao učenik učestvovao u radu «Crvenog krsta» i više školskih sekcija. Bilo je to i vrijeme druženja sa Filom Filipovićem, nešto mlađim Batom Pravilovićem i još nekoliko prijatelja iz djetinjstva, koji će takođe postati likovni umjetnici. Već sa sedam - osam godina Gojko je pokazivao sklonost ka onome što će postati njegovo životno opredjeljenje, isprva uz oca, gledajući kako skicira komade namještaja, da bi potom sam počeo da crta, često inspirisan dešavanjima iz najbliže okoline. Na jednom od prvih crteža iz tog perioda, koji predstavlja tušem urađenu figuru Albanca u narodnoj nošnji, sa donje desne strane nalazi se karakteristična ćirilična signatura, koja će u najvećoj mjeri ostati nepromijenjena do kraja slikarevog života. Gojka je rat zatekao kao sedamnaestogodišnjaka. Pošto mu je otac interniran. pridružio se 1943. partizanima. Kraj rata dočekao je u Hercegovini, gdje je i ranjen. Demobilisan je početkom 1947. Neko vrijeme je proveo u Dobrovoljnom vatrogasnom društvu i često uživo pjevao na Radio Cetinju, koje je funkcionisalo do osnivanja radio Titograda 1949. Dobro je svirao gitaru, a njen metalni zvuk dobiće mnogo godina kasnije svoj vizuelni izraz, kao posebna i potpuno zaokružena slikareva stvaralačka faza. Gitara se vidi i na jednom od Gojkovih radova s početka pedesetih godina prošlog vijeka. Radi se o autoportretu s prijateljima, na kojem su on, Filo i Aleksandar Aco Prijić. 1947. godine postaje učenik prve generacije Umjetničke škole osnovane na Cetinju, na odsjeku za slikarstvo kod profesora Mila Milunovića i Petra Lubarde. Pored ova dva vrsna umjetnika i pedagoga, predavači su bili i Đorđe Oraovac, Svetomir Poček, Milan Božović i Marko Kažić. Nakon preseljenja škole u Herceg Novi 1948. i Gojko tamo odlazi. Institucijom je u ovom periodu upravljao slikar i karikaturista Miloš Vušković, koji će kasnije postati jedan od Gojkovih nerazdvojnih prijatelja. Tokom školovanja Berkuljan je, pored ostalog, bio angažovan na kopiranju i zaštiti freskopisa u Pećkoj Patrijaršiji i drugim crkvama i manastirima u Makedoniji i Crnoj Gori. Posebno je pohvaljen od Đorđa Andrejevića Kuna nakon izložbe učeničkih radova, koja je upriličena u čast ovog umjetnika. Nakon diplomiranja izvjesno vrijeme je radio kao tehnički urednik lista „Pobjeda“, gdje je upoznao Zagorku Mitrović, utemeljiteljicu crnogorskog ženskog reporterskog novinarstva i svoju buduću suprugu. Nakon što je napustio „Pobjedu“ Gojko Berkuljan je prešao u Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture na Cetinju na poslove konzervatora za štafelajno i fresko slikarstvo. Radio je, pored ostalog, na „Gospi od Škrpjela“ i, kako stoji u dokumentaciji, napravio prvu „skicu“ ovog sakralnog objekta za potrebe Zavoda. Zajedno sa prijateljima i kolegama Aleksandrom Prijićem i Brankom Filipovićem – Filom, 1951. godine osnovao je grupu „Trojica“, koja je, po mnogima, u crnogorskoj likovnoj umjetnosti, označila raskid sa ideološkim stereotipima soc-realizma i prelazak na zapadne likovne modele. Od 1952. godine je radio kao scenograf u „Narodnom pozorištu Zetski dom“ i dječjem pozorištu „Rajko Begović“. Za potrebe dramske i lutkarske scene tokom dvije i po decenije realizovao je više od 200 scenografija. Starije generacije još uvijek pamte „Dom Bernarda Albe“, „Hasanaginicu“ ili dječje predstave „Ivicu i Maricu“, „Crvenkapu“, Aladina i čarobnu lampu“... Nažalost, veliki broj skica i gotovih riješenja jednostavno je pretvoren u pepeo nemarom kasnijih korisnika pozorišnih objekata. U ovom periodu Gojko postaje korisnik dvije stipendije fonda „Moša Pijade“: za specijalizaciju u Italiji 1954. i Francuskoj 1959. Tokom boravka u inostranstvu imao je priliku da se neposredno upozna sa najznačajnijim evropskim dostignućima iz oblasti likovne umjetnosti i osjeti „dah“ vremena i stremljenja kojima je i sam težio. Dugi niz godina Gojko Berkuljan je sa entuzijazmom vodio „Pozorišni muzej“ u Zetskom domu. Radilo se o pionirskom poduhvatu, koji je tokom šezdesetih godina XX vijeka obuhvatao reprezentativni izbor fotografija, plakata i drugog generacijama skupljanog dokumentarnog materijala, izloženog na panoima i u vitrinama lociranim u antreu pozorišnog zdanja. Međutim, i ovaj napor, namijenjen čuvanju jednog veoma važnog segmenta našeg kolektivnog trajanja, tokom sedamdesetih je sa gašenjem aktivnosti u Zetskom domu završio kao i neki prethodni, u dimu nemara i indiferentnosti. Gojko se takođe bavio grafičkim dizajnom i društvenim radom. Ilustrovao je nekoliko edicija i pojedinačnih izdanja, kao i logoe više firmi. Radio je i plakate za pojedine manifestacije ili propagandne kampanje. Berkuljan je bio inicijator, jedan od osnivača i prvi direktor likovnog salona „13 novembar“. Od ove inicijative nastala je vrijedna kolekcija od preko 300 radova, koja se danas čuva u Narodnom muzeju Crne Gore. Slikar je 1967. godine napravio značajan otklon u smislu primjene slikarskih tehnika i tehnologija, realizujući u zgradi cetinjske Skupštine seriju zidnih slika inspirisanih crnogorskim pejzažom i epikom. Pažnju u tom smislu posebno privlače dvije monumentalne figurativne kompozicije na spratu, bez pandana u crnogorskoj likovnoj umjetnosti, koje prikazuju Crnogrce i Crnogorke u narodnim nošnjama sa pejzažom u pozadini doživljenim na tipično Berkuljanov način. Slike su „vezane“ za zid, kao što su Crnogorci vezani za kamen. Godinu dana kasnije umjetnik potpuno mijenja „rukopis“ serijom radova pod zajedničkim nazivom „Kameni cvijet“. Tokom sedamdesetih Berkuljanova interesovanja su uglavnom bila usmjerena na realizaciju likovnih ideja, koje je elaborirao u prethodnom periodu. Na skoro frenetičan način smijenjuju se faze jedna za drugom. Tako nastaju enformelske kompozicije sa pastuoznim akcentima, po prvi put prikazane publici 1972, zatim lazurne „Jezerske igre“, „Ruj planine“, „Metalni zvuci“... Bilo je tu i dosta „Cvijeća“, kojim bi se, kako je sam uobičavao da kaže, „odmarao“ od svakodnevnih preokupacija. Neki likovni kritičari nijesu blagonaklono gledali na toliki broj mijena, ali slikara to u principu nije zanimalo, kao što ga nikada u životu nijesu zanimali klišei bilo koje vrste, osim, ponekad, štamparski. Podršku mu je skoro svakodnevno davao učitelj i prijatelj Miloš Vušković, kada bi u popodnevnim časovima dolazio na „ritualnu“ čašu rakije ili da neobavezno popriča. U Gojkovoj kući-ateljeu, ovaj uvijek dragi gost imao je svoju stolicu, čašu, svoje vrijeme. Svraćali su i Aco Prijić, Bato Pravilović, Nikola Vujošević, Drago Vujanović, Čedo Vuković, Coko Marović... Uslijedilo je nekoliko samostalnih i veliki broj grupnih izložbi u zemlji i inostranstvu. Gojko je bio i član crnogorske delegacije koja je gostovala u Belgiji. Sve je to u stvari bila uvertira u umjetnikovu retrospektivu, koja je organizovana u Plavom dvorcu 1977. godine. I umjesto da bude svečani „vrhunac“ njegove karijere, Berkuljan doživljava razočaranje zbog činjenice da izložba biva otvorena bez kataloga, koji je odštampan nekih mjesec dana kasnije i to u skraćenoj i tehnički loše izvedenoj varijanti. Cetinjski muzeji, kao zvanični organizator retrospektive, namjenska sredstva opredijeljena za štampu kataloga utrošili su u druge svrhe. Radilo se o prelomnom trenutku, kada umjetnik odlučuje da prekine kontakt sa nekim dotadašnjim „prijateljima“. Opet se vraća cvijeću i radi seriju karikaturalnih likova, klovnova, koji u stvari nijesu bili ništa drugo do specifičan izraz duhovnog stanja u kojem se našao, ironični doživljaj ljudi koji ga okružuju i hipokrizije u kojoj je prinuđen da bitiše. Pokušao je potom da se „vrati“ na klasične teme, pa je opet slikao planine, ali ne za dugo. Na kraju je odlučio da se povuče, nakon čega mu je vlada SR Crne Gore dodijelila Nacionalnu penziju. Neposredno prije odlaska u penziju obavljao je dužnost direktora Crnogorskog narodnog pozorišta u Titogradu, današnjoj Podgorici. Početkom osamdesetih počeli su da se manifestuju prvi simptomi bolesti. Gojko Berkuljan je imao dvije teške operacije, ali se nije predavao do kraja. Bio je i dalje prisutan na grupnim izložbama. To vrijeme je sam nazvao „bijelom fazom“. Trudio se da njome obuhvati manje-više sve ono što mu je predstavljalo preokupaciju tokom života. Ima tu cvijeća, planina u magli, urbanih tema, čunova, šumskih motiva ... Bijelo dominira. Konačno ga je slomio odlazak supruge januara 1987. godine. Ciklus je okončan zimskim pejzažima. Posljednja dva pastela nastala su u zimu 1988. godine, a slikar nas je napustio decembra mjeseca one sljedeće. I tada je sve opet bilo kao na njegovim slikama. Gojko Berkuljan je bio član ULUCG (Udruženja likovnih umjetnika Crne Gore) i ULUJ (Udruženja likovnih umjetnika Jugoslavije). Bio je dobitnik 13 julske nagrade za slikarstvo 1967, Nagrade grada Cetinja 1968, druge nagrade salona „13 novembar“ 1965, prve nagrade salona „13 novembar“ 1966, Ordena rada sa zlatnim vijencem, Ordena zasluga za narod sa srebrnim zracima i više priznanja i nagrada za društvene i humanitarne aktivnosti. SAMOSTALNE IZLOŽBE: 1953. Cetinje; 1963. Titograd (Podgorica); 1972. Titograd (Podgorica); 1972. Nikšić; 1973. Budva 1973. Cetinje; 1977. Cetinje, Retrospektiva; 1979. Mojkovac, Kolašin, Ivangrad (Berane), Bijelo Polje, Pljevlja, Priboj, Prijepolje, Nova varoš, Tutin, Rožaje, Goražde, Foča, Višegrad; 1995. Bar, Podgorica, Retrospektiva (posthumno); 2000. Podgorica, Izložna skica i minijatura (posthumno) GRUPNE IZLOŽBE 1950. Cetinje, Jesenja izložba; 1951. Cetinje, Izložba likovnih umjetnika Jugoslavije; 1951. Cetinje, Izložba likovne grupe „Trojica“ 1952. Kotor, Jesenja izložba ULUCG; 1953. Beograd, Bijelo Polje, Ivangrad, Jesenja izložba ULUCG; 1954. Zagreb, Ljubljana, Bar, Jesenja izložba ULUCG; 1954. Dubrovnik, Izložba likovnih umjetnika Jugoslavije; 1955. Sarajevo, Cetinje, Pljevlja, Proljećna izložba ULUCG; 1955. Cetinje, Izložba grupe „Trojica“; 1956. Beograd, Titograd, Nikšić, Jubilarna izložba ULUCG; 1956. Beograd, Titograd, Nikšić, Jubilarna izložba ULUCG; 1956. Ljubljana, Izložba likovnih umjetnika Jugoslavije; 1957. Skoplje, Jesenja izložba ULUCG; 1958. Titograd, Nikšić, Izložba grupe „Trojica“; 1959. Beograd, Novi Sad, Titograd, Jesenja izložba ULUCG; 1960. Ljubljana, Priština, Titograd, Jesenja izložba ULUCG; 1962. Titograd, Kotor, Jesenja izložba ULUCG; 1963. Beograd, Ljubljana, Rijeka, Dom JNA; 1964. Cetinje, Majska izložba; 1965. Budva, Izložba ULUCG; 1965. Cetinje, Prva izložba salona „13 novembar“; 1966. Cetinje, Budva, Izložba salona „13 novembar“; 1967. Cetinje, Titograd, Izložba salona „13 novembar“; 1967. Titograd, Izložba ULUCG; 1968. Kluž (Rumunija), Izložba crnogorskih likovnih umjetnika; 1970. Zagreb, Izložba likovnih umjetnika Jugoslavije; 1972. Rim, Savremena crnogorska likovna umjetnost; 1973. Brisel, Šarleroa, Savremena crnogorska likovna umjetnost; 1974. Cetinje, Izložba „Umjetnici Jug slavije Njegošu“; 1974. Zrenjanin, Izložba „Pejzaž u savremenoj umjetnosti Jugoslavije“; 1975. Aranđelovac, Likovna manifestacija „Mermer i zvuci“; 1975. Titograd, XXIII tradicionalna izložba ULUCG; 1975 – 1976. Dablin, Lankašajr, Belfast, Sasex, Glasgov, Grupna izložba jugoslovenskih slikara u gradovima Velike Britanije i Irske; 1976. Titograd, Jubilarna izložba ULUCG; 1976. Priština, Izložba „Savremena crnogorska likovna umjetnost“; 1979. Cetinje, XIII izložba salona „13. novembar“; 1979. Kairo, Izložba „Pejzaž u crnogorskom slikarstvu“; 1981. Moskva, Izložba „Umjetnost u Crnoj Gori od najstarijih vremena do danas“; 1982. Cetinje, XVI izložba salona „13. novembar“; 1982. Titograd, Tradicionalna izložba ULUCG“; 1985. Titograd, 80 tradicionalna izložba ULUCG; 1985. Cetinje, XIX izložba salona „13 novembar“; 1986. Titograd, Jubilarna tradicionalna izložba ULUCG (’46-’86); 1986. Tuzla, Izložba saveza likovnih umjetnika Jugoslavije; 2005. Pariz (posthumno), Izložba „Vrhovi crnogorske likovne umjetnosti“; 2009. Prijepolje (posthumno), Izložba „Dani evropske baštine“; Slike Umetnost Slikarstvo Slikarski katalozi

Kao na slikama, iscepljena prva prazna strana na kojoj je bila posveta, ostalo dobro očuvano Rembrant Harmenson van Rajn (hol. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn; 15. juli 1606. Lajden — 4. oktobar 1669. Amsterdam) bio je holandski barokni slikar i grafičar, jedan od najveštijih slikara „naracije” u istoriji umetnosti, izuzetnog umeća u umetnosti portreta i dramskih scena.[1] Rembrant je takođe poznat kao slikar svetla i sene i jedan od onih koji su bili skloni beskompromisnom realizmu tako da su neki njegovi kritičari izjavili da je „više voleo ružno od lepog”. Na početku svoje karijere i nešto kasnije, Rembrant je uglavnom slikao portrete. Mada je nastavio da slika, radi gravire i ponekad crta portrete tokom svoje karijere, vremenom je to radio sve ređe. Ipak, otprilike jednu desetinu njegovog ukupnog dela čine naslikani i gravirani autoportreti, činjenica koja je među kritičarima njegovog dela dovela do različitih nagađanja. Rembrant je najveći i najpoznatiji holandski slikar i jedan od najuticajnijih umetnika zapadnoevropske umetnosti 17. veka. Psihološka dubina njegovih portreta i produbljena interpretacija biblijskih događaja koje je rado slikao, ostale su do danas jedinstvene i neponovljive. Njegovo slikarstvo stilski pripada baroku. Ovo doba je poznato kao Zlatno doba Holandije, kada je Holandija doživela politički, privredni i umetnički procvat. Već za života Rembrantova dela su kopirana i podražavana. Posle njegove smrti kritičari pristalice klasicizma nisu imali visoko mišljenje o njegovom slikarstvu, dok su njegove slike ostale omiljene i na ceni kod privatnih kolekcionara. U 18. veku pojavili su se slikari u Nemačkoj i Engleskoj koji su bili nadahnuti njegovim delom. Rembrantov život postao je predmet različitih mitova i legendi. Tek sredinom 19. veka pojavili su se ozbiljni istraživači njegovog života i stvaralaštva. Od 1970. „Istraživački projekat Rembrant” se bavi istraživanjem i pripisivanjem njegovih dela. Danas se smatra da je sam Rembrant naslikao oko 350 dela.[2] Glavninu Rembrantovog stvaralaštva čine biblijska – i nešto manje – istorijska, mitološka i alegorijska dela, u različitim verzijama slike, grafike i crteža perom i mastilom i crvenom i crnom kredom.[1] Kroz njegovu karijeru, promene u stilu su izuzetne. Njegov pristup kompoziciji i prikazu svetla i sene – kao i formalnih elemenata slike, konture, forme, boje i poteza četkice, a u crtežu i grafici, tretman linije i tona, podložan je postepenoj a ponekad i nagloj promeni, čak i tokom izrade jednog dela. Slika poznata kao Noćna straža (1640-42) je jasno prekretna tačka njegovog stilskog razvoja.[1] Te promene nisu rezultat nekog slučajnog razvoja, već dokument svesnog istraživanja slikovnog i narativnog, ponekad kao rezultat dijaloga s drugim velikim umetnicima istorije umetnosti.[1] Po mitu koji je nastao nakon njegove smrti, Rembrant je umro siromašan i neshvaćen. Istina je da je pred kraj njegovog života u Holandiji realizam izašao iz mode u korist neoklasicizma. U svakom slučaju, njegova međunarodna slava među upućenima i kolekcionarima nije prestajala da raste. Određeni nemački i venecijanski umetnici osamnaestog stoleća su čak stvarali skoro sva svoja dela koristeći se njegovim stilom. U doba romantizma Rembrant je postao naročito popularan i smatran njegovim prethodnikom; od tog momenta je viđen kao jedan od najvećih umetnika istorije umetnosti. U samoj Holandiji njegova popularnost je obnovljena, i Rembrant je ponovo postao simbol veličine u holandskoj umetnosti. Ime Rembran(d)t[uredi | uredi izvor] Lično ime Rembrant u Holandiji je – i još uvek jeste – veoma neobično. Srodno je običnijim holandskim imenima kao Remert, Herbrant i Ejsbrant (Remmert, Gerbrand, i IJsbrand). Način na koji se Rembrant potpisivao na svojim delima je doživeo značajne varijacije. Kao mladić, svoja dela je potpisivao monogramom RH (Rembrant Harmenson, „sin Harmenov”); od 1626/27, sa RHL; i od 1632. kao RHL van Rijn (gdje L u monogramu najverovatnije znači Lajdenđanin, „iz Lajdena”, ime mesta u kom je rođen). Sa 26 godina počeo je da potpisuje svoja dela jedino ličnim imenom, prvo kao Rembrant; a od 1633. godine pa nadalje do smrti, kao Rembrandt (sa dt). Govorilo se da je počeo da koristi samo ime u potpisu zato što je sebe smatrao jednakim velikim umetnicima renesanse, Mikelanđelu, Ticijanu i Rafaelu, koji su generalno takođe poznati samo preko ličnog imena. Biografija[uredi | uredi izvor] Detinjstvo i obrazovanje[uredi | uredi izvor] Autoportret iz oko 1630, Rijksmuzeum Rembrant je rođen u Lajdenu 15. jula 1606. godine kao deveto dete u dobrostojećoj porodici mlinara Harmena Geritsona van Rajna (Harmen Gerritszoon van Rijn) i pekarke Neltgen Vilemsdohter van Zojtbruk (Neeltgen Willemsdochter van Zuytbrouck). Kao gradsko dete, Rembrant je od 1612. do 1616. pohađao osnovnu školu, a u periodu 1616—1620, kalvinističku latinsku školu.[3] Tu je učio biblijsku istoriju i dela klasika. Uz to, dobio je poduku iz retorike, što je moglo da utiče na njegov kasniji slikarski rad.[3] Posle osmogodišnjeg školovanja upisao se na studije filozofije na Univerzitetu u Lajdenu. Ubrzo je napustio studije da bi započeo školovanje za slikara. Njegov prvi biograf, Jan Jancon Orleš (Jan Janszoon Orlers; 1570–1646), je napisao Rembrantov životopis pun hvale na pola stranice u svom „Opisu grada Lajdena” (Beschrijvinge der stadt Leyden, 1641). Tu je Orleš kazao da je Rembrant rano napustio latinsku školu, i na svoj zahtev, bio poslat da uči slikarstvo. Činjenica da je Rembrant bio upisan na Univerzitet u Lajdenu 20. maja 1620., nije u suprotnosti sa ovim. Bilo zbog poreza, ili prosto zato što su pohađali latinsku školu, u Lajdenu nije bilo neuobičajeno da studenti budu registrovani na Univerzitetu bez očekivanja da će prisustvovati ili pohađati nastavu. Širina Rembrantovog intelektualnog razvoja i njegovog mogućeg uticaja na njegovo delo, i dalje je predmet raznih nagađanja. Od 1620. do 1624. bio je učenik Jakoba Isaksa van Svanenburga.[4] Ovaj učitelj, školovan u Italiji, specijalizovao se za slikanje arhitekture i predstava pakla. Postoji mišljenje da su Svanenburgove slike pakla pobudile u mladom Rembrantu interesovanje za predstavljanje svetlosti.[5] Godine 1624. proveo je 6 meseci kod istorijskog slikara Pitera Lastmana u Amsterdamu, što je na njega ostavilo jači uticaj nego ranije obrazovanje.[6] Lastman ga je usmeravao ka istorijskom slikarstvu, koje je u to vreme smatrano najvišim rodom slikarstva. Školovanje u radionicama dva majstora je bio uobičajen način sticanja slikarskih znanja. Početak profesionalnog bavljenja slikarstvom[uredi | uredi izvor] Slikar u svom atelju, 1626–1628, Muzej lepih umetnosti u Bostonu Rembrant se 1625. vratio u Lajden. Tamo je sa prijateljem Janom Livensom otvorio slikarsku radionicu.[7] Najviše se bavio istorijskim slikarstvom, po uzoru na učitelja Lastmana, i portretskim studijama karaktera (troni). Tri godine kasnije izradio je prvu graviru i počeo je da uzima učenike.[8] Iste godine, sekretar štathoudera Holandije, Konstantin Hajgens, pokazao je interesovanje za Rembrantovo slikarstvo. On je posetio Lajden novembra 1628. Pomagao je umetnika i donosio mu narudžbine. Tako je Rembrant 1629. i 1630. prodao dve slike engleskom kralju Lazarovo uskrsnuće i Juda vraća 30 srebrnjaka. Ta dela su često kopirali drugi umetnici.[6] Rembrantov otac je umro 27. aprila 1630. Posle prvih uspeha, i svestan značaja holandske prestonice, Rembrant je 1631, zajedno sa Livensom, napustio lajdenski atelje i preselio se u Amsterdam. Tu je radio za trgovca umetninama Hendrika van Ujlenburga, koji je imao veliku radionicu u kojoj su se slikale kopije i radile restauracije. Ubrzo je počeo da dobija narudžbine od bogatih trgovaca. Sledeće godine štathouder je na nagovor Konstantina Hajgensa kupio neke njegove slike i naručio ciklus Hristove pasije. Godine 1632. Rembrant dobija narudžbinu za sliku Čas anatomije doktora Nikolasa Tulpa, koju je završio iste godine. Te godine ukupno je naslikao 30 slika. Rembrant je radio kao šef Ujlnburgove radionice pre prijema u slikarski majstorski ceh, što je bio uobičajen put profesionalnog napredovanja.[9] Samostalnost i brak[uredi | uredi izvor] Portret Saskije (Saskija kao devojka), Dvorac Vilhelmshoe u Kaselu Dana 2. jula 1634. Rembrant se venčao sa Saskijom van Ujlenburg, nećakom njegovog patrona i kćerkom bogatog građanina. Iste godine postao je član udruženja majstora-slikara. To mu je omogućilo da kao samostalni majstor uzima učenike. Godine 1635. radio je na slikama Isakova žrtva i Samson optužuje svoga svekra. Rembrantov prvi sin Rombertus (ili Rombartus), kršten je 15. decembra 1635, ali je preminuo posle nekoliko mesci. Bračni par Rembrant se 1636. preselio iz kuće trgovca Ujlenburga u sopstveni dom.[10] Pored umetničke aktivnosti, Rembrant se tamo bavio sakupljanjem umetničkih, istorijskih i naučnih eksponata, biljaka, životinja i predmeta iz egzotičnih zemalja (poput Indije). Rembrantovi rođaci su 1638. tužili Saskiju zbog prekomernog trošenja imovine. Tvrdili su da je potrošila gotovo 40.000 guldena koje su očekivali kao nasledstvo.[10] Iste godine rođena je kćerka Kornelija, koja je brzo preminula kao i sin. Rembrant je 5. januara 1639. kupio novu kuću u kojoj se danas nalazi Muzej Rembrantove kuće (Museum Het Rembrandthuis). Za nju je uzeo kredit koji je nameravao da vrati za 5 do 6 godina.[6] Poslednju sliku iz ciklusa Hristovih pasija izradio je 1639. Naredna godina, 1640, bila je godina kada su Rembranta pogodile dve tragedije; 29. jula krštena je njegova druga kći koja je ubrzo umrla, dok je mesec dana kasnije umrla njegova majka. U to vreme slikao je i izrađivao grafike sa motivom pejzaža. Drugi sin, Titus, kršten je 22. septembra 1641. Naredne godine završio je sliku Noćna straža. Supruga Saskija umrla je 14. juna 1642. Ovaj događaj je jako potresao slikara. Prethodnih godina je slikao mnogo, dok je sada slikao dosta manje.[11] Meću retke slike i grafike iz ovog perioda spada Grafika od 100 guldena.[12] Jako se posvetio ulozi oca svoga sina Titusa. To je primetno u njegovim delima, na primer na crtežu koji prikazuje čoveka koji hrani dete.[13] Kao pomoć u domaćinstvu, angažovao je Gertge Dirks (Geertghe Dircx), koja je postala vrlo bliska sa detetom. Tako je Titusa označila kao svog glavnog naslednika u testamentu napisanom tokom bolesti 1648.[14] Rembrant se 1649. oženio znatno mlađom Hendrikje Stofels.[15] Finansijski problemi i poslednje godine[uredi | uredi izvor] Gertge Dirks je 1649. tužila Rembranta za neispunjeno obećanje posle jedne svađe. Hendrikje je svedočila protv nje, pa je Gertge izgubila spor i provela nekoliko godina u zatvoru. Sicilijanski mecena Antonio Rufo je od Rembranta 1652. naručio sliku Aristotel sa Homerovom bistom. Uprkos povoljnim narudžbinma, prihodima od prodaje grafika i honoraru za poduku učenika, nije uspeo da pokrije dugove i morao je da još pozajmljuje. Hendrikje Stofels je 1654. pozvana da pred crkvenim sudom objasni prirodu svog suživota sa Rembrantom, jer se smatralo da je ovaj odnos grešan. Ona je Rembrantu rodila treću kći, krštenu 30. oktobra 1654, koja je takođe dobila ime Kornlija. Rembrant je 17. maja 1656. prepisao vlasništvo nad kućom svome sinu Titusu, i uskoro posle toga je bankrotirao. U naredne dve godine kuća, pokućstvo i umetnička kolekcija su prodani na aukcijama. Prihod nije bio dovoljan da se dugovi sasvim izmire. Rembrant se preselio u deo grada u kome u živeli siromašni. Tu je vodio povučen život družeći se sa menonitima i Jevrejima. Titus je posle dugog procesa uspeo da izdvoji svoje nasledstvo iz stečajne mase. On i Hendrikje su 1660. otvorili trgovinu za prođu Rembrantovih radova. Preko nje su uspostavljani poslovni kontakti, ugovori i organizovana poduka učenika. Rufo je 1661. dobio sliku Aleksandar Veliki i naručio sliku Homera. Hendrikje Stofels je umrla 1663. Titus je postao punoletan 1665. i primio svoje nasledstvo. U to vreme Rembrant je radio na slici Jevrejska nevesta. Tri godine kasnije, umro je sin Titus, i sahranjen 7. septembra 1668. Pre toga Titus je bio u braku oko 6 meseci. Rembrant se tada preselio kod kćeri. Posle rođenja unuka, bio mu je kum 22. marta 1669. Rembrant je umro 4. oktobra iste godine. Slika Samson u hramu ostala je nedovršena. Sahranjen je 8. oktobra u crkvi Vestkerk u Amsterdamu. Dela[uredi | uredi izvor] Rembrant je radio kao slikar i grafičar, vodio je slikarsku radionicu i podučavao učenike. Bio je pre svega uspešan portretista, ali se pretpostavlja da je sebe pre svega smatrao istorijskim slikarom. Njegovo delo se sastoji iz portreta i autoportreta, pejzaža i obrada biblijskih i mitoloških tema.[16][17][18] Na portretima mu je uspevalo da uverljivo predstavi likove u nekoj aktivnosti. U istorijskim kompozicijama slikao je motive koje pre njega niko nije koristio, ili je stare motive predstavljao na nov način. U mnogim Rembrantovim delima majstorski je korišćen kontrast svetlog i tamnog (kjaroskuro). Rembrantovi autoportreti ilustruju kako je video sebe kao umetnika i kako je stario. Posebno su na grafikama vidljivi različiti izrazi lica i gestovi koji su služili kao studije. Rembrant je naslikao i nacrtao mali broj pejzaža i žanr scena. Slika „Mrtvi paunovi“ je jedina njegova poznata mrtva priroda.[19] Mnoge od crteža Rembrant je načinio isključivo u svrhu obuke svojih učenika. Atribucija[uredi | uredi izvor] Tokom 1920-ih istraživači su Rembrantu pripisivali više od 700 slika[20], dok danas preovlađuje mišljenje da se njegovo ukuno delo sastoji iz oko 350 slika, 300 grafika i 1000 crteža. Bakropisi[uredi | uredi izvor] Hristos leči bolesne, bakropis iz oko 1647—1649. Rembrant je izrađivao bakropise većim delom svoje karijere, od 1626. do 1660. kada je bio prinuđen da proda svoju štamparsku presu i praktično prekine sa bakropisom. Jedino tokom nesrećne 1649. nije stvorio nijedan datirani bakropis.[21] Sa lakoćom je radio bakropise i, iako je poznavao i nekada koristio tehnike bakroreza, sloboda tehnike bakropisa je postala temelj njegovog dela. Poznavao je sve faze postupka izrade bakropisa i izvesno je da je sam otiskivao makar rane primerke svojih bakropisa. Prvobitno mu se stil oslanjao na crtež, ali se ubrzo preorijentisao na slikarski pristup koristeći mnoštvo linija i brojna nagrizanja ploče kiselinom, čime su linije dobile raznovrsne debljine. Krajem 1630-ih, uprostio je svoj stil i koristio je manje nagrizanja kiselinom.[22] Na čuvenom bakropisu Hristos leči bolesne radio je u fazama tokom 1640-ih. To je bilo „prelomno delo usred umetničke karijere“, iz koga se razvio njegov stil bakropisanja.[23] Iako je ovaj bakropis sačuvan u samo u primercima iz prve dve serije, primetne su prepravke u završnoj verziji o čemu svedoče mnogi crteži.[24] Tri krsta, Rembrantov bakropis iz 1653. U zrelim delima iz 1650-ih, Rembrant je bio spremniji da improvizuje, tako da su veliki otisci rađeni u do 11 serija, često radikalno drugačijih. Sada je koristio špartanje da dočara tamne površine, koje su često velike. Eksperimentisao je i sa efektima štampe na različitim vrstama papira. Često je koristio japanski papir i papir od životinjske kože. Počeo je da primenjuje „površinske tonove“, ostavljajući tanak sloj mastila na pojedinim delovima grafičke ploče, umesto da ga potpuno ukloni. Češće je koristio suvu iglu, posebno u prikazima zamagljenih pejzaža.[25] Njegovi otisci tretiraju slične teme kao i njegove slike. U bakropisu je izradio 27 autoportreta, dok su drugi portreti ređi. Izradio je 46 uglavnom malih pejzaža, koji su postali uzor u predstavljanju pejzaža u grafičkoj umetnosti sve do kraja 19. veka. Trećina bakropisa se odnose na religijske teme, neki od njih odišu jednostavnošću, dok su drugi monumentalni. Nekoliko erotskih kompozicija nema ekvivalente u njegovom slikarskom delu.[26] Rembrant je posedovao, dok nije bio prinuđen da je proda, izuzetnu kolekciju grafika drugih umetnika. U njegovim bakropisima su vidljivi uticaji koje je primio od Mantenje, Rafaela, Herkulesa Segersa i Đovanija Kastiljonea. Poznata dela[uredi | uredi izvor] Rembrantova kuća u Amsterdamu Noćna straža Čas anatomije doktora Nikolasa Tulpa Jevrejska nevesta Ana i Tobija Žena uhvaćena u preljubi Belsazarova gozba Bludni sin u krčmi Povratak bludnog sina Zavera Klaudija Civilisa Avram i Isak Skidanje sa krsta Artemizija Danaja 36 autoportreta janson istorija umetnosti istorija svetskog slikarstva

nova knjiga Autor - osoba Pašić, Feliks, 1939- Naslov Gospođa iz velikog sveta : prilozi za biografiju Mire Trailović / Feliks Pašić Vrsta građe knjiga Jezik srpski Godina 2006 Izdavanje i proizvodnja Beograd : Muzej pozorišne umetnosti Srbije, 2006 (Beograd : Publikum) Fizički opis 264 str. : fotogr. ; 31 cm (karton) Napomene Tiraž 700 O autoru: str. 259 Pozorišne režije: str. 241 Režije na Televiziji Beograd: str. 242-244 Režije u Radio Beogradu: str. 245-246 Registar. Predmetne odrednice Trailović, Mira, 1924-1989 Knjiga predstavlja priloge za biografiju čuvene Mire Trailović, jedne od najistaknutijih rediteljki u istoriji srpskog i jugoslovenskog teatra. Mira Trailović (1924–1989), rođena u Kraljevu, započela je karijeru kao spikerka Radio Beograda, a već nekoliko godina zatim svojim izuzetnim talentom za pozorište, postala je jedan od najistaknutijih domaćih reditelja. Režijom „Fausta“ 1956, pred 212 stolica u zgradi nekadašnje Borbe, otvorila je pozorište Atelje 212. Na njegovom čelu ostala je i narednih godina, podižući taj teatar na svetski nivo. Mira Trailović bila je u tom pozorištu 1967. Rođena je kao ćerka Andreja Milićevića koji je preveo više od 36 dela francuskih klasika i Radmile Simić, profesorke francuskog jezika. Deda joj je bio Milan Simić, upravnik Narodnog pozorišta. Privilegiju da odrasta u domu obrazovanih roditelja i predaka, shvatala je i kao breme, jer je uvek morala da ispunjava i njihova, a ne samo svoja očekivanja. Marljiva učenica Druge ženske gimnazije u Beogradu, srednje muzičke i glumačke škole, Mira Trailović je najpre završila Muzičku akademiju, a potom je, po želji oca arhitekte, upisala arhitekturu, ali je odustala nakon dva semestra. Na drugoj godini studija napustila je Tehnologiju, a Istoriju umetnosti pred sam diplomski ispit. Privlačili su je televizija, drama, režija i pozorište, te je 1950. godine završila Visoku filmsku školu, a prvi debi imala je dve godine pre diplomiranja. Diplomirala je režiju 1956. godine na Fakultetu dramskih umetnosti u Beogradu. Kasnije je na istom fakultetu bila i profesor radio-režije više godina. U mladosti, 1944. godine Mira Trailović je između ostalog bila i spikerka i urednica Dramskog programa Radio Beograda. Glasom Minerve osvojila je slušaoce. Policijski čas je još trajao, pa je svaku noć kući vraćala patrola. I dok je hodala u svom prvom kaputu napravljenom od ćebeta, koji je dobila u radiju, nije se plašila... Znala je da je obradovala nekog tog dana: „Čitali smo na radiju pisma koja su stizala s fronta i odlazila na front, obaveštenja o ratu koji je još trajao. Predstavljali smo ljudima jedinu mogućnost da nešto saznaju o svojima” (intervjuu sa Mirom Trailović, „TV novosti“ 1977. godine). U Radio Beogradu je i režirala oko 70 radio drama, al i upoznala Dragoljuba Gucu Trailovića, tadašnjeg spikera, a kasnije dopisnika Politike iz Pariza i prvog čoveka ove kuće, čije je prezime uzela na venčanju Njenom režijom „Fausta“ 12. novembra 1956. godine u sali sa 212 stolica u dvorani nekadašnje novinske kuće „Borbe“ počeo da živi jedan novi svet - otvoreno je avangardno pozorište Atelje 212. Sa Radošem Novakovićem jedan je od osnivača, a potom i dugogodišnji upravnik Ateljea 212. Izuzetnom energijom stvorila je od Ateljea 212 kultno mesto. Jedna nova epoha je počela. Pod njenim vođstvom Atelje je probijao granice Jugoslavije i vremenom postao pozorište poznato svuda u svetu, kao i prvo pozorište sa područja SFRJ-a koje je pozvano da gostuje u SAD posle Drugog svetskog rata. Glumci „Ateljea 212“ gostuju u zemljama u kojima je do tada bilo nemoguće čuti naš jezik, Pozorišna rediteljka, čiji komadi su uvek bili avangardni, grozila se te reči, ali ti komadi su zaista unosili nove kulturne i političke trendove u pozorišni život Beograda. Kao rediteljka prvi put je predstavila beogradskoj publici najznačajnija imena svetske pozorišne avangarde - Joneska, Sartra, Olbija, otkriva publici nove domaće pisce, postavlja dela Dušana Kovačevića, Aleksandra Popovića. Revolucionarne 1968. godine publika ostaje bez teksta nakon izvođenja hipi mjuzikla „Kosa“ u Mirinoj režiji, prve postavke u Evropi posle američke praizvedbe danas kultnog mjuzikla. Režirala je više od 30 značajnih predstava, među kojima se posebno ističu: „Iza zatvorenih vrata“, „Don Žuan u paklu“, „Čudo u Šarganu“... U njeno vreme, Atelje je popularnim i kontroverznim predstavama, poput „Kafanica, sudnica, ludnica“, u velikoj meri pomerao granice slobode izražavanja u političkom smislu. Unela je duh Zapada u Srbiju, ali njen najveći talenat bio je organizacija i dobar odabir tima. Zajedno sa Jovanom Ćirilovim i drugim saradnicima je inicirala osnivanje jednog od najvećih evropskih pozorišnih festivala - Beogradski internacionalni teatarski festifal – BITEF, koji je nastao 1967. odine u Ateljeu 212 i čiji je umetnički direktor bila od 1967. do smrti. U vreme hladnog rata ovaj festival novih pozorišnih tendencija bio je jedinstveno mesto na kome su se susretali umetnici sa obe strane gvozdene zavese i razmenjivali iskustva. Njeni i gosti Beograda bili su: Semjuel Beket, Piter Bruk, Žan-Pol Sartr, Bob Vilson, Living teatar, Pina Bauš, La Mama, Grotovski i mnogi drugi, koji su doneli su dah velikog sveta u našu sredinu i postavile Beograd na značajno mesto na međunarodnoj pozorišnoj sceni. Festival je njenim zalaganjem osnovao svoje - BITEFOVO, odnosno – Mirino pozorište - BITEF teatar, koji od 20. BITEFA organizuje festival i vodi programsku politiku u duhu BITEFA. „Umetnost počinje tamo gde se slože neke tajanstvene i nepoznate sile unutar čoveka i epohe. Srećna sam što će Beograd imati još jedno mesto gde će umetnici i gledaoci pokušavati da tu tajnu, ljudskog postojanja, katkada dotaknu“ (deo teksta Mire Trailović na otvaranju BITEF teatra) Govorila je da ne mari za nagrade iako joj laskaju, a toliko ih je dobila. Stizale su sa svih strana, što se uklapalo u njeno opredeljenje - građanke sveta. Oktobarska nagrada, „Joakim Vujić“, Sedmojulska, Oskar popularnosti, priznanje Udruženja američkih pozorišnih umetnika, ambasade Nemačke za doprinos na polju kulture, bugarskog i čehoslovačkog društva, nagrada koju joj je uručio predsednik Italije Đuzepe Saragat i Orden komandora, koji joj je predao francuski ministar kulture Žak Lang, samo su neke od zvaničnih pohvala rada Mire Trailović. Umrla je ophrvana bolešću, u Beogradu 7. avgusta 1989. godine, nekoliko meseci nakon što je “dobila” svoje pozorište. Sahranjena na Novom groblju (parcela12, grobnica31 II), po sopstvenoj želji samo u prisustvu porodice i najbližih prijatelja. Ubrzo zatim prostor ispred BITEF teatra dobio je ime „Skver Mire Trailović“. Velika scena “Ateljea 212” od 2014. godine (90 godina od rođenja i 25 od smrti) nosi ime „Mira Trailović”. Nakon inicijative pokrenute osam godina raniije, 2016. godine je u Kraljevu, u foajeu Kraljevačkog pozorišta, otkrivena spomen ploča Miri Tailović, rad akademskog vajara i redovnog profesora na Fakultetu likovnih umetnosti u Beogradu Slavoljuba Caje Radoičića. Muzej pozorišne umetnosti Srbije objavio je pre tri godine knjigu Feliksa Pašića o njenom radu, pod naslovom „Mira Trailović, gospođa iz velikog sveta“. Odlikovali su je beskrajni šarm i prodornost, talenat za ubeđivanje. Kada su Ežena Joneska 1971. godine pitali šta je video u Beogradu, odgovorio je: „Miru Trailović. Zar to nije sasvim dovoljno?” ŠTA ZNAČI M-I-R-A? Kada su je novinari jednom pitali hoće li da se predstavi, rekla je da hoće i kao pesmicu „izrecitovala“ svoje ime u akronimu: M – kao marljiva, I – kao iracionalna, R – kao radosna, A – kao ako, baš me briga. Mira. Mira Trailović. Mira Trailović bila je vanserijska ličnost, persona za svako poštovanje i jedna ozbiljna dama, čak i u vreme kada to nije bilo naročito poželjno i popularno. Imala je solidnu građansku i intelektualnu zaleđinu kada je po oslobođenju postala spiker Radio-Beograda, zatim reditelj i urednik u dramskoj redakciji, student Muzičke akademije i Visoke filmske škole, predavač radio-režije na Pozorišnoj akademiji. Među osnivačima Ateljea 212, a tu je bilo snažnih i izrazitih ličnosti, Mira Trailović imala je istrajnost i vokacije da se tom projektu trajno posveti i da sporadične predstave jedne gotovo zavereničke grupe pretvori u stalno pozorište koje je sa svojim ostvarenjima stiglo do Pariza, Njujorka, Moskve, Karakasa i Meksika. Kako je baš ta gospođa – koja je u mnogo čemu bila osoba vezana za tradiciju i sklona staromodnom, postala ključna ličnost modernizacije našeg teatra, od takozvanog teatra apsurda i dokumentarne drame do rok-opere i, konačno, neizbežnog postmodernizma – može se objasniti pre svega kosmopolitskim duhom Mire Trailović, njenom glob-troterskom strašću i poliglotskom lakoćom. Radeći mirno na deprovincijalizaciji beogradskog, a time i jugoslovenskog glumišta - sasvim logično došla je i do zamisli o BITEFU. Danas je teško pojmiti koliko je lične vizije, a i hrabrosti, bilo potrebno da se 1967. izmisli BITEF i da se ogromnim kulturnim, esnafskim, a i ideološkim otporima uprkos - zahukta taj svetski festival „novih pozorišnih tendencija”. (Iz teksta Dragana Klaića (1950–2011), U izlogu sveta, 1990) Život u pozorištu izjednačila sam sa svojim životom. Mira Trailović Feliks Pašić (1939–2010), novinar, pozorišni kritičar, publicista, televizijski dokumentarista… Novinarski radni vek proveo je u „Borbi“, Radio Beogradu i Televiziji Beograd. Blizu četiri decenije Pašić je bio aktivni stalni pozorišni kritičar „Borbe“, „Večernjih novosti“, Radio Beograda, „Dnevnog telegrafa“ i „Teatrona“. Bio je poslednji savezni selektor Sterijinog pozorja, petnaest godina je, kao selektor i umetnički direktor, davao kreativni pečat Festivalu monodrame i pantomime u Zemunu, osnovao je i tri godine vodio Jugoslovenski festival pozorišta jednog glumca u Nikšiću. Sa Svetlanom Bojković je pokrenuo i sedam godina (1992 – 1999) uređivao pozorišne novine „Ludus“ u kojima je objavio šezdeset opsežnih razgovora sa pozorišnim umetnicima. Knjige: Savremenici (razgovori sa jugoslovenskim piscima – 1965), Oluja (dnevnik predstave – 1987), Kako smo čekali Godoa kad su cvetale tikve (dokumentarno istraživanje slučajeva zabrane dveju pozorišnih predstava – 1992), Karlo Bulić – avantura kao život (1992), Zoran (razgovori sa Zoranom Radmilovićem – 1995), Glumci govore I, II (razgovori sa šesnaestoro srpskih glumaca – 2003), Mira Trailović, gospođa iz velikog sveta (2006), Joakimovi potomci (portretni medaljoni dobitnika statuete „Joakim Vujić“ – 2006), MUCI Ljubomir Draškić ili živeti u pozorištu (2010), Kratak pregled vremena (razgovori sa pozorišnim stvaraocima iz rubrike Ludus razgovara – 2013). Monografije: Grad teatar Budva – Prvih deset godina (1998), Deset festivala pozorišta za djecu u Kotoru (2002), Grad teatar Budva – Drugih deset godina (2007), Beogradsko dramsko pozorište – 60 godina (2007), Vuk, z. p. Tršić, Vukovi sabori 1933 – 2008 (2008), Zvezdara teatar 1984-2009 (2009). Priredio je knjigu o Oliveri Marković, knjigu pozorišnih kritika Slobodana Selenića (Dramsko doba), knjigu pesama i zapisa Ljubiše Bačića (Moj živote malo li te ima)… Dobitnik je Sterijine nagrade za pozorišnu kritiku (1983, 1992) i Sterijine nagrade za naročite zasluge na unapređenju pozorišne umetnosti i kulture (2006), Nagrade „Grad teatar za dramsko stvaralaštvo“ (Budva, 2010) i drugih nagrada. MG147

STvarnost, Zagreb, 1962. Prvo izdanje! Vrlo dobro očuvana. Srđan Vučinić: ARHIVAR NEMOGUĆEG – BORA ĆOSIĆ Ja sam polako počinjao da shvatam kako pored mnogih zanata, pobrojanih u istoriji, postoji još jedan važan zanat, bioskopskog gledaoca, vrlo naporan. B. Ćosić, Pri če o zana tima Bora Ćosić sakupio je, popisao i klasifikovao, obradio i izložio predmete svog bogatog bioskopskog iskustva u knjizi Vi dljivi i nevi dljivi čovek (pr vi put objavljenoj 1962. godine u Zagrebu). I mada se pisac spretno ogradio podnaslovom u kojem stoji jedna subjektivna istorija filma, ovo je, koliko mi je poznato, jedna od pr vih knjiga iz pera nekog našeg auto- ra koja obrađuje sve glavne etape i sineaste u dotadašnjem razvoju filmske umetnosti.1 Čitajući knjigu, pitao sam se kakva je to pasija – pored one sakupljačke i katalogizatorske, koja će doći do izražaja i nešto kasnije, u fikcionalizovanom popisu svih običnih i neobičnih zanata u vreme ratno i revolucionarno u Pričama o zanatima, ili u prikupljanju i parodijskom izlaganju mnogih tipova govora, jezičkih fraza, šablona i trivijalnosti kojima se biće malo- građanina, kao pipcima prilepljeno, drži za spoljni svet (u romanu Tutori) – dakle, kakva je to strast vodila mladog Ćosića da ispiše esejističku povest filma, trostruko obimniju od slav- ne Ulo ge moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji koja će uslediti tek sedam godina kasnije. Iščita- vajući je ponovo, stekao sam utisak kako u Vidljivom i nevidljivom čoveku na sceni imamo pisca na pragu prave stvaralačke inicijacije, u opsesivnoj potrazi za utvarama, fantomima i fantazmima, za oniričkim i transcendentalnim doživljajem – jednom reči, za svim onim što mu u doba još uvek jednobojne, sive real-socijalističke svakodnevice 50-ih, jedino iskustvo kinematografa može priuštiti. Ista ona opčinjenost spojem neobuzdane imaginacije i objek- tivnog otiska vremena, karakterističnim za sedmu umetnost, opčinjenost o kojoj svedoče i mnogi od avangardnih pesnika prve polovine XX veka, našla je svoj izraz u energiji i entu- zijazmu mladalačkog traktata Bore Ćosića, u pasažima poput ovog: „Film je pr vi put od kada postoji svet umeo da jedan trenutak ukrade od prolaznosti i da ga u svom celovitom kretanju sačuva zauvek (...) da mađioničarskim majstorstvom zabeleži čoveka bez glave, devojku u čaši vode i realne oblike nepostojećih čudovišta. Film je poklonio svom gledaocu oči koje sve vide i uši koje sve čuju, popeo ga na nemoguće visine i obdario ga sposobnošću da istovremeno prisustvuje dvama različitim događajima.“2 Sa predanošću bliskom onoj sa kojom Line i Lamark beleže i razvrstavaju sva čudesa flore i faune, a Borhes primerke svoje 1 Te iste 1962. ob javljena je u beogradskoj „Prosveti“ Istori ja filma Radoša Novakovića, reditelja i profe- sora Akademije za pozorište, film, radio i tele viziju. 2 B. Ćosić: Vidljivi i nevidljivi čovek (Beograd, 2012, str. 13). Za ovo obnovljeno izdanje, povodom pola veka od izlaska Ćosiće ve knjige, zaslužan je Se verin M. Franić (1952–2014), filmski kritičar i osnivač ča- sopisa YU film danas u okviru kojeg je objavljivana i posebno vredna edicija PLUS biblioteka „YU film danas“; Ćosiće va knjiga jedno je od poslednjih izdanja iz ove edicije. ZLATNA GREDA Srđan Vučinić 57 „fantastične zoologije“ – Bora Ćosić nam iz mraka bioskopske sale donosi čuda filmskih pe- snika i novatora, od Grifitovog otkrivanja krupnog plana, tog oka „superiornijeg i vidovitijeg od čovekovog“, preko Ajzenštajnove montaže atrakcije, njegove likovne ekspresivnosti i hiperboličnosti, pa sve do čuda nepatvorene stvarnosti italijanskih neorealista ili veličan- stvene Hičkokove persiflaže „pune pri tajene jeze“ (u Nevo lja ma sa Ha rijem). No nije teško zapazi ti one sineaste koji su mladom piscu posebno bliski i dra gi; autore kroz čije sa gledavanje i tumačenje on skicira i mapu svog budućeg pripovedačkog sveta. Propitujući Čaplinovu umetnost, Ćosić posebno ističe njegov pohod na opšta mesta, sklo- nost ka obrtanju na glavačke uvreženih odnosa i opštih pravila: onog Čarlija koji, održava- jući red u radnji, počinje da zaliva cveće na ženskim šeširima; za koga se tretman u lečilištu pretvara u mučilište i rvački ring; kome je, tokom rovovske borbe u ratu, i vatra iz neprija- teljskog oružja dobar instrument da bi sebi pripalio cigaretu, otvorio flašu piva... Mali čovek koga je Čaplin stvorio „čudna je kost u grlu ove civili za cije“, konstatuje Bora Ćosić. Piščevo tumačenje tog „malog delije“ navešćuje nam kalambursko i alogičko obr tanje naglavce stereotipa i jezičkih fraza na kojima malograđanski i novi revolucionarni svet počivaju u njegovim proznim delima iz 60-ih godina – gde se junaci celuloidnog Čarobnjaka iz Oza preobražavaju u stvarne „čarobnjake iz Ozne“, gde se i Rusi (beli, kao i cr venoarmejci) u detinjem poimanju javljaju u vidu posebnog zanata... A kada nas u neponovljivi univerzum Žana Vigoa (posebno onaj Nu le iz vlada nja) uvede aforizmom – „Svet je relativno pristojna celina, koja ima svoje kraste, svoje guke, svoje dobro čuvane, vešto skrivene nepodesnosti“ – Ćosić time koncipira i vlasti ti groteskni mehani zam, onaj koji će u punom sjaju proradi ti u Priča ma o za natima (1966), te Ulozi mo je porodice u svetskoj revo luciji (1969). Infantili zam kao oružje u pohodu smehotvornog razgolićenja „pristojne celine“ odraslog sveta – nije li u toj Vigoovoj anarhističkoj drskosti jugoslovenski pisac, prevodilac Majakovskog i Hleb- njikova, našao podstreka i za ostvarenje vlastitih stvaralačkih impulsa? I dok kod Vigoa pomenute kraste i guke niču u pristojnom ambijentu škole (muškog internata), dotle u prozi Bore Ćosića one probijaju na jezičko-stilskoj ravni marljivo parodiranog školskog za- datka. Tako mali junak njegovog pripovednog triptiha3 živi sa ujakom koji „prevrće sve ženske po kući“, sa ocem koji, u doba ratno, „nalazi način da popije što veću količinu otrov- nog alkohola a da mu ne bude ništa“; naj zad, dobija u kući i oslobodioce, koji se okr vavlje- ni vraćaju sa noćnih šihti likvidacije narodnih neprijatelja. Bestidnost, ludilo, brutalnost Ćosićeve velike istorije cepaju nevešto oslikane kulise pristojne celine sveta, katkad još drastičnije, još bezobzirnije negoli nakaznosti i deformiteti obrazovnog sistema kod Vigoa. Kinematograf inspiriše delo Bore Ćosića svojom imaginativnošću, atmosferom, humo- rom i emocijom; ali linearnost, fabula i zaplet, svojstveni filmskom pripovedanju, našem piscu praktično nisu potrebni. On je nedvojbeno opredeljen za nelinearnu, do kraja frag- mentiranu nara ciju u kojoj je gotovo svaka rečenica isečak različi tog vremena. Sklopljeni asocijativno, po tema ma, ćosićev skom montažom atrakcije, ovi su bezbrojni isečci jedna rastrojena celina koja ipak nastavlja da simultano živi u mnogim vremenima, satirično izo- bražavajući rad detinjeg uma kontaminiranog velikom istorijom. I replike Ćosićevih likova 3 Knjiga Zaš to smo se borili (1972), prak tično, izmenjeno i dopunjeno izdanje Priča o zanatima, čini treći deo ove uslovne celine. 58 možemo či tati kao neku vrstu stili zovanih filmskih dijaloga: one se izgovaraju u ima ginar- nom porodičnom sve-trenutku, u kojem su i zdravorazumske kategorije prostora, vremena i kauzalnosti privremeno suspendovane.4 U poetskoj sažetosti i globalnoj metaforičnosti porodičnog sve-trenutka leži i osnovna analogija Ćosićevog proznog triptiha sa fantazmat- skim potencijalima evropskog autorskog filma. Nasuprot prozi 60-ih, Ćosićev postupak u romanu Tutori (1978), i dalje u Bel Tempu (1982) vodi ka razobručenosti, prolifera ciji jezika – a time i ka namernom ukidanju sažetosti i me- taforičnosti srodne kinematografskom principu. Njegova nova poetika mixed-media, sprem- nice, ropotarnice i otpada bliži se u isti mah principu funkcionisanja televizije (danas i logi- ci interneta, kao i društvenih mreža) u kojima se metafora te svaka lirska kondenzovanost praktično ukida, jer sve se odigrava u znaku direktnog prenosa, u beskonačnom sadašnjem trenutku. Filmofilska energija i erudicija Vi dljivog i nevi dljivog čoveka ugrađeni su i u docnije sce- narističke izlete Bore Ćosića: u njegov koscenaristički doprinos, prevashodno u pisanju dijaloga, filmu Desant na Drvar Fadila Hadžića (1963), kao i Danima Aleksandra Petrovića (1963), gde je Ćosić saradnik na scenariju zajedno sa filmologom Duškom Stojanovićem i pesnikom Dušanom Matićem; te u adapta ciji, transponovanju i osavremenjivanju glavnih motiva novele Dvojnik Dostojevskog u ambijentu samoupravne Jugoslavije, u filmu Nepri jatelj Živojina Pavlovića (1965). Ćosić je potpisan i kao jedan od koscenarista u filmskoj adap ta ciji vlasti tog romana, no čini se da njegov interes za filmski medij tada već jenjava. U filmu Uloga mo je porodice u svetskoj revoluciji Bate Čengića (1971) jezički kvali teti knjige, pa i replike likova mahom su zamenjeni pop-artističkim vizuelnim atrakcijama, uz jake pri- mese mjuzikla, rok operete i političkog teatra. U ovom delu neujednačenog kvaliteta i danas najubedljivije deluje ingeniozna dosetka koscenariste Branka Vučićevića:5 prizor u kojem ukućani i oslobodioci zajedno jedu tortu u obliku Staljinove glave. „Či tava moja fa- milija u BV-jevskoj obradi, pokazuje se ne samo u svetlu kanibalsko-edipskom (jer jedu oca čovečanstva), nego i u sferi erotike kuhinje“, protumačiće mnogo kasnije Ćosić ovu scenu, u svom sećanju na Vučićevića.6 Uloga Bore Ćosića u jugo slovenskoj kinematografiji, neposredna i posredna, veća je nego što bi se na pr vi pogled moglo pretpostavi ti. O „boraćosićevskom raju malih stvari“, tom „raju prizemnog Beograda“ piše Raša Popov povodom Ljubavnog slučaja Makavejeva.7 4 Ovo nas može asocirati na dela Alena Renea ili Alena Rob Grijea; a u domaćem filmu na kubističke scene i dijaloge iz „ratne tetralogije“ Puriše Đorđe vića. 5 Kada smo na 20. Festivalu autorskog filma pripremali retrospek tivu Branka Vučiće vića, jedan od nje- govih uslova bio je da ne prikažemo Čengiće vu Ulogu moje porodice, film od koga se kao koscenarista još ranije ogradio – smatrao je da je umesto spek takularnog pristupa koji je reditelj sproveo, film tre- balo uraditi što svedenije, minimali stič ki. 6 Iz tek sta Bore Ćosića „Roman o Vučiće viću“, ob javljenog u zagrebač kom časopi su Gordogan, #33–34, zima–jesen 2016. 7 U nadahnutom eseju R. Popova „Imago Makavejev“, objavljenom u zborniku Makavejev: 300 čuda. Umetnič ki odnos Ćosić–Makavejev sigurno je dvosmeran, o tome svedoči i Ćosićev tekst „Stvarnost u filmu Dušana Makavejeva“ (Polja, maj 1966). Posebno je znača jan raskorak na ko ji autor ovde ukazu je, između Makove odanosti novom životu u jugosloven skom komunizmu i „analiziranja krastica ko je su se po njemu nahva tale“ u filmu Čo vek ni je tica. Ali posto ji tu još nešto zanimljivije iz današnje perspek- 59 A infantilno-satirična perspektiva koju Sidran i Kusturica primenjuju u Ocu na službe nom putu (1985) mnogo toga duguje vizuri junaka Uloge moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji – do- voljno je uporedi ti način prenošenja iskaza iz „odraslog“, istorijskog sveta, njihovo cinično prelamanje u edenskoj nepatvorenosti detinjeg univerzuma. Sa primetnim zakašnjenjem slična perspekti va varira i u Mar kovićevom filmu Tito i ja (1992). Sa superiornim selinovskim cini zmom ona je preoblikovana u priči o odrastanju dvojice kriminala ca tokom Miloševi- ćeve ere rata i izola cije u Ra na ma Srđana Dra gojevića (1998). Zasebno bi se mogao anali- zirati i posredni Ćosićev uticaj na kultno Grlićevo ostvarenje U raljama života (1984) – preko nesumnjivog odjeka romana Tutori u parodijskom korišćenju obraza ca trivijalne li terature u prozi Dubravke Ugrešić...8 Vođen akribijom i istrajnošću sakupljača i klasifikatora, žarom smejača i iz rugivača, ali i nepredvidivom zaumnošću pesnika – Bora Ćosić ostaje vidljivi i nevidljivi sudeonik jugoslovenskog i post-jugoslovenskog filma. Bora Ćosić (Zagreb, 5. april 1932) srpski i hrvatski je romanopisac esejista i prevodilac.[1] Rođen 1932. u Zagrebu, živeo je u Beogradu od 1937. do 1992, kada je prešao u Berlin. Napisao je oko 50 knjiga, kao i nekoliko pozorišnih drama, koje su sa velikim uspehom igrane u beogradskom Ateljeu 212. Za roman `Uloga moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji` dobio je za 1970. godine (za 1969) NIN-ovu nagradu za roman godine.[2] Biografija Bora Ćosić, rođen 1932. u Zagrebu, 1937. sa porodicom preseljen u Beograd. Tu je završio srednju školu u Prvoj muškoj gimnaziji, studirao na odseku filozofije Beogradskog univerziteta. U mladosti je prevodio ruske futurističke pesnike, uređivao je list `Mlada kultura` 1952, reviju `Danas` 1961-1963,[1] časopis `Rok` 1969-1970. Radio je kao dramaturg i umetnički savetnik u filmskim preduzećima `Slavija`, 1958-1959, i `Avala`, 1962-1963. Sarađivao je na dokumentarnim filmovima, pisao dijalog za igrane filmove. Tokom boravka po Evropi, pored celovitih knjiga objavio je više stotina tekstova po novinama i časopisima Nemačke, Austrije, Švajcarske, Italije, Holandije, Mađarske, Rumunije, Rusije, Poljske, Albanije. Učestvovao je na više od dve stotine čitanja u nekoliko evropskih zemalja. Dao više od stotinu intervjua za različita glasila, štampu, radio i televiziju. Učestvovao na književnim konferencijama, festivalima, simpozijumima, međunarodnim sastancima i kongresima.[3] Književno stvaralaštvo Karijeru pisca započinje romanom Kuća lopova iz 1956. godine te zatim objavljuje knjige eseja Vidljivi i nevidljivi čovek, 1962, Sodoma i Gomora, 1963. godine. Autor je kultnog romana novije srpske proze, Uloga moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji, 1969, smestenom u ratnom i posleratnom Beogradu. Ćosić je istovremeno naslednik srednjeevropske prozne tradicije intelektualnog esejizma, kao i jedan od poslednjih intelektualaca koji se emocionalno iskreno identifikovao sa jugoslovenskom himerom, s mešavinom elegičnosti i mučnog preispitivanja nakon njenog raspada. Po tom romanu je snimljen i istoimeni film. Raspad Jugoslavije odveo je pisca u dobrovoljno izgnanstvo (najčešće boravi u Rovinju i Berlinu, dok objavljuje u Hrvatskoj).[4] Taj deo njegovog stvaralaštva je obeležen uglavnom esejističkim delima, među kojima se ističu Dnevnik apatrida, 1993, (opet jedno poigravanje s fiktivnim identitetom preko kojeg Ćosić iznosi stavove o savremenoj drustvenopolitičkoj stvarnosti), Dobra vladavina, 1995, te Carinska deklaracija, 2000, poluautobiografski tekst natopljen promišljanjima o propalim južnobalkanskim ogledima i autorovim pomešanim osećanjima prema toj tvorevini. Napisao je oko 50 knjiga, izdatih u Srbiji, Hrvatskoj i Nemačkoj.[5] Nagrade 1969: NIN-ova nagrada, za roman Uloga moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji.[2] 2002: Nagrada za Evropsko razumevanje, za autobiografski esej Carinska deklaracija.[6] 2008: Nagrada Albatros Zadužbine Gintera Grasa.[7] 2001: Nagrada Stefana Heyma.[8] Dela Nepotpun popis dela: Kuća lopova, 1956. Vidljivi i nevidljivi čovek, 1962. Sodoma i Gomora, 1963. Priče o zanatima, 1966. Uloga moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji, 1969. Tutori, 1978. Poslovi/sumnje/snovi Miroslava Krleže, 1983. Doktor Krleža, 1988. Rasulo, 1991. Dnevnik apatrida, 1993. Dobra vladavina (i psihopatalogija njenog svakodnevlja), 1995. Carinska deklaracija, 2000. Pogled maloumnog, 2001. Tkanje, 2001. Nulta zemlja, 2002. Irenina soba, (poezija), 2002. Izgnanici, 2005. Consul u Beogradu, 2007. Put na Aljasku, 2008. Zapadno od raja, 2009. Kratko detinjstvo u Agramu, 2011. Doručak kod Majestica, 2011.

Spoljašnjost kao na fotografijama, unutrašnjost u dobrom i urednom stanju! Bernar Dorival, rođen 14. septembra 1914. u Parizu i preminuo 11. decembra 2003. u Tiaisu, bio je francuski istoričar umetnosti i kritičar. Biografija Imenovan za pomoćnika kustosa Nacionalnog muzeja moderne umetnosti 1941. godine, daće veliki doprinos zajedno sa Žanom Kasuom u obogaćivanju kolekcija savremenog slikarstva. Tu je organizovao mnoge retrospektivne izložbe slikara 20. veka. Istovremeno je predavao na Ecole du Louvre od 1941. do 1965. godine, gde je sukcesivno zauzimao katedre istorije modernog francuskog slikarstva i istorije starog francuskog slikarstva. Iako je još uvek bio kustos u Muzeju moderne umetnosti, bio je odgovoran za organizovanje Musee National des Granges de Port-Roial. Bernard Dorival je napisao raisonne kataloga Filipa de Šampenja 1976. detinjstvo Bernard Dorival je rođen u okruženju kolekcionara i umetnika. Porodica njegove majke, Suzanne Beurdelei (1889-1943), postala je prosperitetna oko 1830. [ref. željeni]1: poreklom iz Burgundije, njegov pradeda, Žan Berdeli (1772-1853), koji je služio u ruskoj kampanji kao intendant, bio je skroman tapetar i trgovac nameštajem u ulici Saint-Honore kada je, zahvaljujući zaveštanje koju je njegovoj deci dao Englez, mogao je da kupi Hanoverski paviljon. Tamo je 1840. godine njegov sin Louis-Auguste-Alfred Beurdelei (1808-1883) bio „trgovac kuriozitetima”. Postao je značajan trgovac umetninama, što pokazuje devet rasprodaja koje je organizovao, u Parizu ili Londonu, između 1846. i 1868. U isto vreme, bio je istaknuti stolar, koji je dobio zlatnu medalju na Univerzalnoj izložbi 1867. ref. željeno]2 [nedovoljan izvor]. Nakon njegove smrti, njegove kolekcije umetničkih dela su raspršene u četiri prodaje. Njegov sin, Alfred Beurdelei (1847-1919), bio je poznati proizvođač bronze i stolarije3 [nedovoljan izvor], čijim radovima su se divili na Univerzalnim izložbama u Amsterdamu (1878) i Parizu (1889). Takođe je strastveni kolekcionar slika i crteža, posebno specijalizovan za „male majstore“ 19. veka. Kada mu je žena umrla 1895. godine, zatvorio je svoju fabriku, prodavši modele i odloživši oko 11.000 crteža i umetničkih dela. Ponovo se oženio 1899. godine, rekonstituisao je ogromnu kolekciju slika, crteža i grafika, koje su raspršene nakon njegove smrti tokom devetnaest rasprodaja između 1920. i 1922. godine. Sin rođen iz drugog braka, Marsel (1899-1978), advokat u Savetu države i na Kasacionom sudu, otkupio manji deo očeve zbirke i odlučio da je dopuni [ref. željeni]. Pod uticajem svog nećaka Bernarda, otvorio ga je modernosti, posebno apstraktima [ref. željeni]. Kao i Beurdeleis, Dorivali su pariska porodica već nekoliko generacija [ref. željeno], ali je finansijski skromnije [ref. željeni]. Jedan od Bernardovih ujaka, Geo Dorival, bio je poznati dizajner plakata6[nedovoljan izvor], koji će kroz brak postati direktor L`Art et la Mode (vidi nacionalni arhiv F/7/15299). Njegov otac, Andre (1886-1956), osvojio je prvu nagradu za klavir na Konzervatoriju u Parizu7. Mora da stavi tačku na karijeru soliste kada se oženi. U stvari, Bernard ga je poznavao tek 1919. godine, na kraju rata kada je bio mobilisan, ranjen, pa dugo lečen. Otac Bernarda Dorivala ostaje u muzičkom svetu, jer se brine o turnejama prvih nagrada Pariskog konzervatorijuma u ​​inostranstvu. Andre Dorival je voleo francusku i germansku muziku. Bio je prijatelj Andrea Messagera i Maurice Ravela [ref. željeni]. Bernard Dorival je nasledio muzičke ukuse svog oca, sa izuzetkom Vagnera. Ali je takođe cenio Ofenbaha i kompozitore 20. veka. Svoju ljubav prema planinama Bernard takođe duguje svom ocu. Andre Dorival je prvi put boravio u Saint-Gervais-les-Bains 1904. Kasnije je postao predsednik sekcije Paris-Chamonik Club Alpin Francais [ref. željeni]8 i svake godine do 1955. godine, godinu dana pre svoje smrti, čim je stigao u Sen Žerve tokom praznika, popeo se na Mon Blan i pregledao razna skloništa kojima je upravljao Klub Alpine[ref. željeni]. Sestra Bernarda Dorivala, Janine (1920-2010), bila je kuma jednog od ovih skloništa. Studije Bernard prati svoje školovanje u Licee Carnot [ref. željeni]. Naučni predmeti ga umereno interesuju. S druge strane, on je strastven za francusku književnost i istoriju. Njegovi ukusi ga posebno vode u francuski sedamnaesti vek, posebno u okruženje Port-Rojala. U opštoj konkurenciji dobio je prvi pristup francuskom 1930. i prvu cenu istorije 1931. Od tada je trasiran put. Student hipokhagnea i khagnea u Licee Condorcet-u, primljen je u Ecole Normale Superieure u Rue d`Ulm 1934. Blisko prijateljstvo vezuje ga za Žana Buskea [ref. željeni [Koji?], nekoliko godina stariji od njega, koji ga je upoznao sa studentom na Sorboni, budućim istoričarem Vandala, Kristijanom Kurtoa, koji je trebao postati jedan od njegovih najboljih prijatelja. Nekoliko njegovih drugova iz razreda ostaće doživotni bliski prijatelji [ref. željeno]: Fransoa Šamu, Pol-Mari Duval, Žak Voazin. Njegov poziv za istoriju umetnosti afirmiše se u ovom trenutku [ref. željeno]: čitao je dela Emila Malea, pratio kurseve Anrija Fosilona i Pjera Lavedana, upoznao Luja Odekera, sa kojim je uvek ostao blizak. Kasnije će pratiti seminar Ignacea Meiersona, koji je mnogo računao u svom razmišljanju. Godine 1935-1936. napisao je diplomu visokih studija o slikanim predstavama Svetog Jeronima i ovom prilikom sakupio fotografsku dokumentaciju izuzetne širine [ref. željeni]. Godine 1937. dobio je pismeni sertifikat9 i postavljen za učitelja prvog razreda u Licee de Laon, gradu čija ga je katedrala fascinirala [ref. željeni]. Međutim, on održava veze sa Ecole Normale Superieure, preko društvenih timova Roberta Garrica [ref. željeni]. Zahvaljujući Društvenim timovima upoznao je studente mlađe od njega, poput Filipa Reberola, budućeg francuskog ambasadora, Pjera Golijeta, budućeg oratorijuma i profesora na Univerzitetu u Nijmegenu, Žila Šaina, borca otpora koji je poginuo 1944, ili Morisa Besea , koje je pomogao da se dovedu u Narodni muzej moderne umetnosti početkom 1960-ih [ref. željeni]. Zahvaljujući i Timovima, njegovo katoličanstvo, obeleženo jansenizmom, odbacivanjem svetovnih vrednosti i izvesnim galikanizmom, dobija dimenziju otvorenosti prema društvu, a kasnije i prema Trećem svetu [ref. željeni]. Njegovi kontakti sa dominikanskim ocem Boaseloom, koji vodi novine Sept, i sa Fransoa Moriakom, čijem se radu divi i koga redovno konsultuje, takođe pomažu u ovom razvoju [ref. željeni]. Ako delimično ceni pontifikat Pija KSI, on donosi strogu presudu o Piju KSII [ref. željeni]. Kasnije je u skladu sa velikim vetrom koji Jovan KSKSIII i Drugi Vatikanski sabor duvaju na Crkvu za koju smatra da je previše usredsređena na sebe i nedovoljno zabrinuta za siromašne [ref. željeni]. Međutim, Bernard Dorival nikada neće biti levičarski katolik. Ono što ga mobiliše jeste prenošenje vere: on obučava nekoliko katihumena koji će održavati odnose sa njim obeležene naklonošću i poštovanjem [ref. željeni]. U osnovi, on ne veruje diskursu o socijalnoj pravdi, što za njega prečesto vodi ka uspostavljanju totalitarizma. Posle rata, bio je blizak Narodnom republikanskom pokretu (MRP). Tada će biti verni glasač generala de Gola, u kome uočava želju za društvenom otvorenošću i čiju dekolonizatorsku akciju ceni, ali i osećaj veličine Francuske [ref. željeni]. 1969. godine, nakon neuspeha referenduma, postaće, kao i mnogi, de Golovo siroče. Ako toleriše Žorža Pompidua, možda zato što je arhikub, strogo sudi o Valeri Žiskaru d`Estenu, opisuje Fransoa Miterana kao „Fransoa III“, a Žak Širak mu se čini da je lišen ikakvog uverenja [ref. željeni]. Nacionalni muzej moderne umetnosti Nakon godine provedene u Licee de Laon (1938-1939), Bernard Dorival je postavljen za rezidenta fondacije Thiers10. U vreme objave rata, pošto je reformisana od 1934. godine, ne može se mobilisati. Na početku školske 1939. spremao se da se pridruži Licee du Val-Andre, aneksu Licee de Rennes [ref. željeni], kada je postavljen za rezidenta Casa Velaskez u Madridu (decembar 1939). Februara 1940. postao je profesor na Francuskom institutu i ​​na Barselonskoj gimnaziji11. Iskoristio je ovu godinu provedenu u Kataloniji da nauči kastiljanski (upotreba katalonskog je tada bila strogo potisnuta). Godine 1941. njegova karijera je doživela veliku preorijentaciju. Napustio je svet javnog obrazovanja radi muzeja. 1. januara 1941, zahvaljujući Louis Hautecœur-u, postavljen je za rukovodioca projekta u Nacionalnom muzeju moderne umetnosti (MNAM) [ref. poželeo], koji više nema kustosa pošto je Žana Kasua razrešio Viši u septembru 1940. U maju iste godine postao je pomoćnik kustosa istog muzeja. Njegov umetnički ukus za `degenerisanu umetnost` zaradio ga je da ga je Viši štampa nasilno prihvatila [ref. željeni]. Nacionalni muzej moderne umetnosti delimično je otvoren za javnost 6. avgusta 1942. u Palati u Tokiju12. Na Oslobođenju je bio pozvan da obavlja zvanične kulturne misije u Nemačkoj, Engleskoj, Austriji, Belgiji, Španiji, Holandiji, zatim je avgusta 1946. upućen u Unesko, u London, kao savetnik u sekciji za kulturu. [ref. željeni]. Ali je dao ostavku posle šest meseci i rpreuzeo je dužnost pomoćnika kustosa MNAM-a kod Žana Kasua, koji se vratio na svoju funkciju 1945. Nacionalni muzej moderne umetnosti je zvanično otvoren 9. juna 1947. u Palati u Tokiju. Dvojica muškaraca duboko poštuju jedno drugo, a generacijski jaz koji ih razdvaja omogućava im da se odlično dopunjuju i da definišu inteligentnu i otvorenu politiku obogaćivanja kolekcija. Za skoro dvadeset godina zajedničkog rada, do 1964. godine, trebalo je da, uprkos ograničenim budžetskim sredstvima, uglavnom zahvaljujući donacijama, donacijama i zaveštanjima umetnika i kolekcionara, konstituišu jedan od najznačajnijih muzeja savremene umetnosti u svetu. Godine 1967, Bernard Dorival je postao glavni kustos MNAM13. istoričar umetnosti Ulazak u svet muzeja ne odvaja Bernarda Dorivala od predavanja. Od oktobra 1941. bio je zamenski profesor na Ecole du Louvre [ref. željeni]. Zatim je bio na katedri za istoriju modernog francuskog slikarstva od 1942. do 1946. i od 1956. do 1965. godine, na katedri za istoriju starog francuskog slikarstva od 1946. do 1954. Njegovi učenici čuvaju veoma živa sećanja na njegove kurseve, i jasne, informisane i briljantne. [Lično tumačenje?]. Tu je obučavao kvalitetne mlade žene i mladiće, od kojih će mu neki pomagati u obavljanju dužnosti kustosa [ref. željeni], a koji će zauzvrat postati renomirani kustosi [ref. željeno]: na primer, Fransoaz Cachin, Francoise Debaisieuk, Jean-Luc Dufresne, Danielle Giraudi, Francois Gobin, Michel Hoog, Michel Laclotte, Bernard de Montgolfier, Madi Menier, Denis Milhau, Therese Pickuenard Daniel Regnier, Gernier. Svoje talente kao pedagog ispoljava i na brojnim konferencijama [Lično tumačenje?] koje održava u Francuskoj i u petnaestak evropskih zemalja, u Latinskoj Americi, Kanadi, Maroku, Indiji i Japanu, zemlji koja će biti njemu posebno drag [Lično tumačenje?][ref. željeni]. Upravo je na Ecole du Louvre na početku akademske 1942. godine upoznao osam godina mlađu studenticu, Klod de la Bros, koja će postati njegova supruga [ref. željeni]. Iz njihovog braka, proslavljenog u maju 1944, rođeno je četvoro dece: Žil (rođen 1945, penzionisani univerzitetski profesor), Ana (rođena 1946, psihoterapeut), Paskal (rođen 1949, penzionisani direktor kompanije) i Žerom (rođen 1950). , kompozitor i muzikolog). Zauzvrat, ovo četvoro dece će Bernardu i Klodu dati trinaest unučadi [ref. željeni]. Bernard Dorival je bio čovek evropske apstraktne umetnosti i pokreta koji su joj prethodili ili pratili, nabis, fovizam, kubizam, ekspresionizam, dadaizam, nadrealizam. Međutim, bio je dobro upoznat sa opštom istorijom francuskog slikarstva, kojoj je posvetio svoju prvu knjigu objavljenu 1942. godine, La Peinture francaise; 1953. i 1961. uredio je Slavne slikare u dva toma. Ali vrlo brzo je francusko i evropsko slikarstvo s kraja 19. i 20. veka uglavnom privuklo njegovu pažnju: između 1943. i 1946. godine objavio je tri toma Faze savremenog francuskog slikarstva; slediće druge važne knjige: La Belle Histoire de la Fee Electricite Raula Dufija, Pariz, 1953; Pet studija o Georges Rouaultu, Pariz, 1956; Slikari dvadesetog veka (tom 1 Nabis, fauves, kubizam; tom 2 Od kubizma do apstrakcije), Pariz, 1957; Pariska škola u Muzeju moderne umetnosti, Pariz, 1961; Savremeni slikari, 1964 (= 3. tom Poznatih slikara); Crtež u delu Antoana Pevsnera, Pariz, 1965; četvrti tom Istorije umetnosti Enciklopedije Plejade, Od realizma do naših dana, Pariz, 1969. Objavljuje i kataloge izložbi, kao i brojne članke i predgovore. Među umetnike 20. veka on je možda iznad svih stavio [Lično tumačenje?] Pjera Bonara, Žorža Braka, Pola Sezana (kome je posvetio knjigu 1948. Sezan), Pola Gogena (čiju je svesku o Tahitiju objavio 1954. ), Anri Matis i Ogist Roden. Kreativnost Pabla Pikasa ga je fascinirala, ali je verovatno više voleo svoje skulpture nego slikarstvo. Među ostalim slikarima, divio se Robertu i Sonji Delaunai (svakom od njih je posvetio studiju), Raoulu Dufiju (o kome je napisao monografiju), Kupki (za koga je smatrao da je pronalazač apstrakcije), Georgesu Rouaultu (o kome je objavio je nekoliko radova), Felik Vallotton (o kome je dao studiju), Paul Kron (o kome je takođe pisao14 [nedovoljan izvor]), Jackues Villon (koji je predsedavao nezaboravnom večerom o kojoj će biti reči kasnije [ref. željeno] ); među vajarima možemo navesti Konstantina Brankuzija (koji je svoju radionicu zaveštao MNAM), Antoana Pevsnera (o kome je objavio knjigu), Žermena Rišijea (čiji je sa drugima postigao povratak Hrista na krst u naosu). crkve Plato d`Assi); arhitekta Le Korbizje, čiji voleo je da posećuje kapelu Notre-Dame-du-Haut de Ronchamp [ref. željeni]. Bernard Dorival je doneo radove mnogih umetnika koje je cenio u MNAM [ref. želeo] i od njih je dobio nekoliko zaveštanja i donacija (dakle, radionica Brankuzi, Delauni, Dufi, Andre Dunoje de Segonzak, Vasilij Kandinski15, Zoltan Kemeni, Kupka, Antoan Pevsner, Rouault), Grk Alkis Pjerakos. Nekoliko njih je posvetio izložbi u MNAM-u i u raznim provincijskim gradovima: između ostalih, Bonard, Alekander Calder, Marc Chagall, Delaunai, Dada, Maurice Denis, Kees van Dongen, Dufi, Kemeni, Paul Klee, Amedee de la Patelijer, Le Korbizje, Alber Marke, Konstan Permeke, Pevsner, Ruo, Pol Sinjak, Pjer Sulaž, Eduar Vijar, Fovi. Među prijateljima slikara i vajara svoje generacije [ref. željeni], možemo navesti Žan-Mišela Atlana (kome je posvetio monografiju 1962. Atlan, esej o umetničkoj biografiji), Žana Bazaina (čijim se vitražima crkve Saint-Severin divio), Hansa Hartunga (koji je morao da organizovao svoju retrospektivu nakon ostavke Bernarda Dorivala sa dužnosti u MNAM-u), Ladislasa Kijna (kojeg je poznavao sa Plato d`Assi), Alfreda Manessera (čijoj duhovnosti je bio blizak), Žana Le Moala (čija retrospektivna izložba u Mecu 1963. imao je predgovor), Nicolas de Stael (od koga je kupio Composition en gris et vert 1950. za MNAM), Eduard Pignon, Pierre Soulages, Arpad Szenes, Maria Elena Vieira da Silva i Zao Vou-Ki (svi koji su bili bliski prijatelji). Bernard Dorival nije bio isključivo zainteresovan za francusku umetnost [ref. željeni]: u Evropi se divio Nemcima Oto Diksu i Ferdinandu Špringeru; Austrijanci Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoška, Egon Šile; Belgijanci Džejms Ensor i Konstan Permeke; Španci Eduardo Čilida, Pablo Gargalo, Huan Gris, Žoan Miro, Pablo Palazuelo, Antoni Tapijes; Holanđani Piet Mondrian i Bram Van Velde; Italijani Alberto Magneli, Đino Severini, Zoran Mušič; Norvežanin Edvard Munk; Švajcarac Paul Klee. U Latinskoj Americi je cenio Rufino Tamaio, Sesostris Vitullo. Sviđali su mu se Kvebečani Paul-Emil Borduas i Jean-Paul Riopelle. U Aziji je probao Domoto Hisao, Nam Kvan, Sato Ki. Posvetio je studiju izraelskoj slikarki Joni Lotanu. Divio se arhitekti Valteru Gropijusu. S druge strane, osećao se relativno stranim anglosaksonskoj umetnosti [ref. željeno], osim Frensisa Bejkona, Aleksandra Koldera, Henrija Mura, Grejema Saterlenda, Marka Tobija. Kada je umetničko tržište otišlo iz Pariza u Njujork 1960-ih, okrivljeno je za to. Ovo je da se zaboravi da je on bio izuzetan ambasador francuskog slikarstva [ref. željena] u stranim zemljama, organizator značajnih izložbi u raznim gradovima Latinske Amerike („Savremeno francusko slikarstvo“, 1966-1967), u Argentini („Od Manea do naših dana“, 1948), u Belgiji („Francuski crtež iz Tuluza -Lautrec do Chagall”, 1955), Brazil („Savremena francuska umetnost”, 1953), Kanada („Rouault”, 1965), Danska („Dvadeset francuskih slikara”, 1966-1967), u Japanu („Francuska umetnost iz romantizma” do nadrealizma”, dva miliona posetilaca 1962; “Dufi”, 1967; “Rouault”, 1969). To znači da je bio savršen poznavalac slikara svog vremena [Lično tumačenje?]. Sistematski je obilazio sve izložbe svih pariskih galerija [ref. željeni]. Posećivao je slikare u njihovim ateljeima. Oni među njima koji su umrli ponekad su ostavljali udovice koje su želele da promovišu dela svojih preminulih muževa. Otišao je da vidi njihove radionice gde je slučajno pronašao nalaze [potrebno je pojašnjenje]. Ne samo da je imao visoku koncepciju svoje profesije, već ju je i obavljao sa retkim etičkim zahtevima. Ovako je, u vreme donacije Delonea, Sonja želela da mu ponudi sliku svog muža. Bernard Dorival nije mogao da prihvati takav poklon, ali nije želeo da uvredi Sonju. Složili su se da Bernard Dorival bez odlaganja ustupi tako ponuđenu sliku MNAM-u [ref. željeni]. Bernard Dorival je imao svoje preferencije. Nije mu se dopala slika dvojice drugih Bernarda, Buffeta i Lorjoua, i to je objavio u svojoj knjizi iz 1957. [ref. željeno]16 [nedovoljan izvor]. O prvom je napisao da je imao „zasluge što je izazvao Regie Renault za rekord francuske produktivnosti i uzdigao sliku do dostojanstva industrijskog objekta masovne proizvodnje“. On je Lorjoua predstavio kao „tartarina slikarstva, za koga je elokvencija jednaka plodnosti i talentu „temperament“, koji je napravio još jednu zabunu i identifikovao ekspresionizam i egzibicionizam“17. Slikar je mislio da ga odvede na sud, ali je na kraju odustao. Što se tiče Lorjoua, on je bio autor čuvene formule [ref. željeno] o apstraktnom slikarstvu ite „što magarce riče, lavrde majmune, kokoške pada u nesvest [ref. željeno]`. Na kraju popravnog suđenja, njegov izdavač Tisne i on bili su osuđeni da rediguju nekoliko redova knjige, kao i simbolični franak (30. oktobar 1959) [ref. željeni]. Odlučili su da se ne žale. Umetnici bliski Bernardu Dorivalu organizovali su večeru podrške u La Coupoleu 18. decembra 1959. Predsedavao je Žak Vijon. Šagal i Pikaso su poslali telegrame podrške [ref. željeni]. Prisutan je bio ministar generala de Gola, Robert Buron. Tu je bila skoro cela generacija apstraktnih slikara [ref. željeni]. Lorjouov prijatelj je došao da ošamari Bernarda Dorivala, koji ga je udarcem udario u nogu [ref. željeni]. Na odlasku, Sezar, Sulaž i drugi su služili kao telohranitelji za Bernarda Dorivala i njegovu ženu u njihovoj kući. Nešto kasnije, tokom debate o savremenoj umetnosti koju je organizovao Katolički centar francuskih intelektualaca (CCIF), zauzeo je stav u korist apstrakta, izbila je tuča i policija je morala da evakuiše prostoriju [ref. željeni]. Bili smo usred Alžirskog rata, u vreme kada je CCIF pozivao govornike da izraze ponekad veoma suprotna mišljenja o ovoj temi i sve se tada odvijalo u miru [ref. željeno]! Nacionalni muzej Port Rojal Barns Dok je bio kustos u MNAM, Bernard Dorival je bio zadužen za organizaciju Nacionalnog muzeja Granges of Port-Roial [ref. željeni]. Njegov ukus za Paskala, Rasina, svet pasijansa i sliku Filipa de Šampenja bio je star. 1944. godine, dok je bio u Šatou de Ševerni, obezbedio je konzervaciju dela zbirki muzeja Luvr koje su bile evakuisane [ref. željeno], napisao je studiju o Racinovom pozorištu analiziranu u svetlu obrazovanja dobijenog od ove gospode; u ovoj knjizi, objavljenoj 1946. pod naslovom Du Cote de Port-Roial. Esej o duhovnom itineraru Rasina18, svi citati pesnika i dramskog pisca napravljeni su po sećanju. Godine 1952. učestvovao je u organizaciji velike izložbe Filipa de Šampenja u Orangerie des Tuileries19. Iste godine postao je predsednik Društva prijatelja Port-Rojala, na kojoj je funkciji bio dvadeset pet godina do 1977. Godine 1955. bio je odgovoran za postavljanje muzeja Port-Roial Granges (sada Nacionalni muzej Port-Roial des Champs) u zgradama koje je država upravo kupila. On je prvi kustos ovog muzeja (pozicija bez plate [ref. željeno]). Zgrada iz 17. veka, poznata kao „Petites Ecoles“, restaurirana je između 1958. i 1962. Muzej je svečano otvoren 14. juna 1962. u prisustvu Andrea Malroa, državnog sekretara za kulturna pitanja. Bernard Dorival je tamo organizovao nekoliko izložbi, za koje je napisao kataloge: Racine i Port-Rojal20 1955; Paskal i provincijalci21 1956. godine; Philippe de Champaigne i Port-Roial22 1957. Održana je predstava Ester. Godine 1963. objavio je Le Musee National des Granges de Port-Roial23 [nedovoljan izvor]. Kada je 1968. napustio muzeje, Bernard Dorival nije završio sa Soliterima, pošto je 1978. objavio L`Album Pascal u kolekciji Albumi Bibliothekue de la Pleiade. Bernard Dorival je prepoznao svoje zasluge 1954. godine, kada je proglašen za viteza Legije časti [ref. željeni]. Takođe je vitez, zatim oficir za umetnost i književnost [ref. željeni]. Bio je član saradnik Kraljevske arheološke akademije Belgije i nosilac brojnih inostranih odlikovanja. Ali, iz svog jansenizma, on je zadržao izvesno nepoverenje u društveni uspeh, zvanične počasti i društvene događaje [ref. željeni]. Nije nosio svoja odlikovanja. Takođe je bio vitez i oficir akademskih palmi i dopisni član Akademije u Barseloni [Lično tumačenje?]. Kada je Louis Hautecœur umro, pristupili su mu da ga nasledi u Institutu. Odbio je [ref. neophodno]. Nije da je imao nešto protiv Instituta, ali mu se ova vrsta počasti učinila pomalo smešnom [ref. željeni]. Poslednje godine u MNAM nisu bile lake za Bernarda Dorivala, koji se loše slagao sa svojim ministrom Andreom Malroom, a još više sa članovima njegovog kabineta. Tada je nastajao Centar za nacionalnu umjetnost i kulturu Georges-Pompidou, a Bernard Dorival se nije slagao sa dizajnom Centra po čitavom nizu tačaka [Lična interpretacija?]: izbor platna, način njihovog izlaganja i da ih rotiraju itd. [ne neutralno]. Nakon odlaska Žana Kasua, koji je otišao 1964. da bi se pridružio Hautes Etudes, mesto direktora MNAM ostalo je upražnjeno više od dve godine, pre nego što mu je zvanično dodeljeno24. Teza o Filipu de Šampenju On je doneo odluku [Intlično tumačenje?] da daju novi pravac njegovoj karijeri. Godine 1968. predstavio je svoju kandidaturu kao istraživač na CNRS-u kako bi završio svoju tezu o Filipu de Šampenju. On je regrutovan [ref. željeni]. Septembra 1968. godine, ubrzo nakon majskih događaja, tokom kojih je zatvorena MNAM, kojoj je pretila okupacija od strane umetnika, podneo je ostavku na mesto glavnog kustosa [ref. željeni]. Na podsticaj Izabel Ruo, ćerke slikara Žorža Rua, i uprkos nedostojnom ministarskom pritisku [Lično tumačenje?] [potrebno je pojašnjenje], u januaru 1969. organizovana je trpeza i oproštajni obrok [ref. željeni]. Tog dana, prisustvo prijatelja, umetnika, kolekcionara, likovnih kritičara, kustosa, omogućilo je Bernardu Dorivalu da uzme meru poštovanja prema njemu [Lično tumačenje?]. Godine koje su usledile bile su srećan period [Lično tumačenje?]. Tezu o Filipu de Šampenju završio je za manje od pet godina, odbranio je februara 1973. [ref. željeni] i, u tom procesu, izabran je za profesora savremene istorije umetnosti na Paris IV-Sorboni [ref. željeni]. Predstavio je svoje prijatelje umetnike koje je pozvao da govore o njihovim kreativnim aktivnostima tokom svojih seminara. Vodio je svoje učenike u velike muzeje Francuske i Evrope. Režirao je teze i obučavao studente, uključujući nekoliko [ref. željeni], kao što su Guila Ballas, Philippe Dagen, Philippe Grunchec, Jean-Michel Leniaud, Francois Lenell, Jean-Claude Lesage, Anne Maisonnier, Arnaud Pierre, Alain Vircondelet, postali su renomirani stručnjaci. Objavio je nekoliko knjiga: Robert Delaunai, 1885-1941, Pariz, 1975; Rouault, Tokio, 1976; Philippe de Champaigne (1602-1674), život, delo i kataloški raisonne dela, dva toma, Pariz, 1976; u svesci Barok i klasicizam u KSVII veku u Italiji i Francuskoj univerzalne istorije slikarstva, stranice posvećene francuskom slikarstvu u KSVII veku (1610-1715), Ženeva, 1979; Rouault, Pariz, 1982. Godine 1983. otišao je u penziju i bio profesor emeritus do 1989. Nekoliko godina je nastavio da piše knjige, članke i predgovore, posebno Valloton, 1985 (u saradnji); Sonia Delaunai. Njegov život, njegovo delo, 1885-1979. Biografske beleške, Pariz, 1988; iste godine, u saradnji sa Isabelle Rouault, Rouault. Slikano delo, dva toma, Monte-Karlo; Dodatak katalogu raisonne dela Filipa de Šampenja, 1992; Žan Batist de Šampen (1631-1681), život, čovek i umetnost, 1992.

Odlično Nil Jang Biografija Neil Percival Young OC OM[1][2] (born November 12, 1945) is a Canadian and American[3] singer and songwriter. After embarking on a music career in Winnipeg in the 1960s, Young moved to Los Angeles, joining the folk-rock group Buffalo Springfield. Since the beginning of his solo career, often with backing by the band Crazy Horse, he has released critically acclaimed albums such as Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (1969), After the Gold Rush (1970), Harvest (1972), On the Beach (1974), and Rust Never Sleeps (1979). He was also a part-time member of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, with whom he recorded the chart-topping 1970 album Déjà Vu. His guitar work, deeply personal lyrics[4][5][6] and signature high tenor singing voice[7][8] define his long career. Young also plays piano and harmonica on many albums, which frequently combine folk, rock, country and other musical genres. His often distorted electric guitar playing, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname `Godfather of Grunge`[9] and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently he has been backed by Promise of the Real.[10] Young directed (or co-directed) films using the pseudonym `Bernard Shakey`, including Journey Through the Past (1973), Rust Never Sleeps (1979), Human Highway (1982), Greendale (2003), CSNY/Déjà Vu (2008), and Harvest Time (2022). He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia (1993) and Dead Man (1995). Young has received several Grammy and Juno Awards. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice: in 1995 as a solo artist and in 1997 as a member of Buffalo Springfield.[11] In 2023, Rolling Stone named Young No. 30 on their list of 250 greatest guitarists of all time.[12] Young is also on Rolling Stone`s list of the 100 greatest musical artists. 21 of his albums and singles have been certified Gold and Platinum in U.S. by RIAA certification.[13] Young was awarded the Order of Manitoba in 2006[2] and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2009.[1] Early life (1945–1963)[edit] Neil Young[14] was born on November 12, 1945, in Toronto, Canada.[15][16] His father, Scott Alexander Young (1918–2005), was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction.[17] His mother, Edna Blow Ragland `Rassy` Young (1918–1990) was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution.[18] Although Canadian, his mother had American and French ancestry.[19] Young`s parents married in 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and moved to Toronto shortly thereafter where their first son, Robert `Bob` Young, was born in 1942. Shortly after Young`s birth in 1945, the family moved to rural Omemee, Ontario, which Young later described fondly as a `sleepy little place`.[20] Young contracted polio in the late summer of 1951 during the last major outbreak of the disease in Ontario, and as a result, became partially paralyzed on his left side.[21] After the conclusion of his hospitalization, the Young family wintered in Florida, whose milder weather they believed would help Neil`s convalescence.[22] During that period, Young briefly attended Faulkner Elementary School in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. In 1952, upon returning to Canada, Young moved from Omemee to Pickering (1956), and lived for a year in Winnipeg (where he would later return), before relocating to Toronto (1957–1960). While in Toronto, Young briefly attended Lawrence Park Collegiate Institute as a first year student in 1959.[23] It is rumoured that he was expelled for riding a motorcycle down the hall of the school.[24] Young became interested in popular music he heard on the radio.[25] When Young was twelve, his father, who had had several extramarital affairs, left his mother. She asked for a divorce, which was granted in 1960.[26] She moved back to Winnipeg and Young went to live with her there, while his brother Bob stayed with their father in Toronto.[27] During the mid-1950s, Young listened to rock `n roll, rockabilly, doo-wop, R&B, country, and western pop. He idolized Elvis Presley and later referred to him in a number of his songs.[28] Other early musical influences included Link Wray,[29] Lonnie Mack,[30] Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs, The Ventures, Cliff Richard and the Shadows,[31] Chuck Berry, Hank Marvin, Little Richard, Fats Domino, The Chantels, The Monotones, Ronnie Self, the Fleetwoods, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison and Gogi Grant.[32] Young began to play music himself on a plastic ukulele, before, as he would later relate, going on to `a better ukulele to a banjo ukulele to a baritone ukulele – everything but a guitar.`[33] Career[edit] Early career (1963–1966)[edit] Young and his mother settled into the working-class area of Fort Rouge, Winnipeg, where he enrolled at Earl Grey Junior High School. It was there that he formed his first band, the Jades, and met Ken Koblun. While attending Kelvin High School in Winnipeg, he played in several instrumental rock bands, eventually dropping out of school in favour of a musical career.[34] Young`s first stable band was the Squires, with Ken Koblun, Jeff Wuckert and Bill Edmondson on drums, who had a local hit called `The Sultan`. Over a three-year period the band played hundreds of shows at community centres, dance halls, clubs and schools in Winnipeg and other parts of Manitoba. The band also played in Fort William (now part of the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario), where they recorded a series of demos produced by a local producer, Ray Dee, whom Young called `the original Briggs,` referring to his later producer David Briggs.[35] While playing at The Flamingo, Young met Stephen Stills, whose band The Company was playing the same venue, and they became friends.[36] The Squires primarily performed in Winnipeg and rural Manitoba in towns such as Selkirk, Neepawa, Brandon and Giroux (near Steinbach), with a few shows in northern Ontario.[37] After leaving the Squires, Young worked folk clubs in Winnipeg, where he first met Joni Mitchell.[38] Mitchell recalls Young as having been highly influenced by Bob Dylan at the time.[39] Young said Phil Ochs was `a big influence on me,` telling a radio station in 1969 that Ochs was `on the same level with Dylan in my eyes.`[40] Here he wrote some of his earliest and most enduring folk songs such as `Sugar Mountain`, about lost youth. Mitchell wrote `The Circle Game` in response.[41] The Winnipeg band The Guess Who (with Randy Bachman as lead guitarist) had a Canadian Top 40 hit with Young`s `Flying on the Ground is Wrong`, which was Young`s first major success as a songwriter.[42] In 1965, Young toured Canada as a solo artist. In 1966, while in Toronto, he joined the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds. The band managed to secure a record deal with the Motown label, but as their first album was being recorded, James was arrested for being AWOL from the Navy Reserve.[43] After the Mynah Birds disbanded, Young and the bass player Bruce Palmer decided to pawn the group`s musical equipment and buy a Pontiac hearse, which they used to relocate to Los Angeles.[44] Young admitted in a 2009 interview that he was in the United States illegally until he received a `green card` (permanent residency permit) in 1970.[45] Buffalo Springfield (1966–1968)[edit] Main article: Buffalo Springfield Once they reached Los Angeles, Young and Palmer met up with Stephen Stills and Richie Furay after a chance encounter in traffic on Sunset Boulevard.[44] Along with Dewey Martin, they formed Buffalo Springfield. A mixture of folk, country, psychedelia, and rock, lent a hard edge by the twin lead guitars of Stills and Young, made Buffalo Springfield a critical success, and their first record Buffalo Springfield (1966) sold well after Stills` topical song `For What It`s Worth` became a hit, aided by Young`s melodic harmonics played on electric guitar. According to Rolling Stone, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and other sources, Buffalo Springfield helped create the genres of folk rock and country rock.[46][47] Distrust of their management, as well as the arrest and deportation of Palmer, worsened the already strained relations among the group members and led to Buffalo Springfield`s demise. A second album, Buffalo Springfield Again, was released in late 1967, but two of Young`s three contributions were solo tracks recorded apart from the rest of the group. From that album, `Mr. Soul` was the only Young song of the three that all five members of the group performed together.[citation needed] In May 1968, the band split up for good, but to fulfill a contractual obligation, a final studio album, Last Time Around, was released. Young contributed the songs `On the Way Home` and `I Am a Child`, singing lead on the latter.[citation needed] In 1997, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; Young did not appear at the ceremony, writing in a letter to the Hall that their presentation, which was aired on VH1, `has nothing to do with the spirit of Rock and Roll. It has everything to do with making money.`[48] Young played as a studio session guitarist for some 1968 recordings by The Monkees which appeared on the Head and Instant Replay albums.[49] Going solo, Crazy Horse (1968–1969)[edit] Main article: Crazy Horse (band) After the breakup of Buffalo Springfield, Young signed a solo deal with Reprise Records, home of his colleague and friend Joni Mitchell, with whom he shared a manager, Elliot Roberts. Roberts managed Young until Roberts` death in 2019. Young and Roberts immediately began work on Young`s first solo record, Neil Young (January 22, 1969),[50] which received mixed reviews. In a 1970 interview,[51] Young deprecated the album as being `overdubbed rather than played.` For his next album, Young recruited three musicians from a band called the Rockets: Danny Whitten on guitar, Billy Talbot on bass guitar, and Ralph Molina on drums. These three took the name Crazy Horse (after the historical figure of the same name), and Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (May 1969) is credited to `Neil Young with Crazy Horse`. Recorded in just two weeks, the album includes `Cinnamon Girl`, `Cowgirl in the Sand`, and `Down by the River`. Young reportedly wrote all three songs in bed on the same day while nursing a high fever of 39 °C (102 °F).[52] Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young (1969–1970)[edit] Main article: Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young Shortly after the release of Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, Young reunited with Stephen Stills by joining Crosby, Stills & Nash, who had already released one album Crosby, Stills & Nash as a trio in May 1969. Young was originally offered a position as a sideman, but agreed to join only if he received full membership, and the group – winners of the 1969 Best New Artist Grammy Award – was renamed Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young.[53] The quartet debuted in Chicago on August 16, 1969, and later performed at the famous Woodstock Festival, during which Young skipped the majority of the acoustic set and refused to be filmed during the electric set, even telling the cameramen: `One of you fuckin` guys comes near me and I`m gonna fuckin` hit you with my guitar`.[54] During the making of their first album, Déjà Vu (March 11, 1970), the musicians frequently argued, particularly Young and Stills, who both fought for control. Stills continued throughout their lifelong relationship to criticize Young, saying that he `wanted to play folk music in a rock band.`[55] Despite the tension, Young`s tenure with CSNY coincided with the band`s most creative and successful period, and greatly contributed to his subsequent success as a solo artist.[citation needed] Young wrote `Ohio` following the Kent State massacre on May 4, 1970. The song was quickly recorded by CSNY and immediately released as a single, even though CSNY`s `Teach Your Children` was still climbing the singles charts.[citation needed] After the Gold Rush, acoustic tour and Harvest (1970–1972)[edit] Later in the year, Young released his third solo album, After the Gold Rush (August 31, 1970), which featured, among others, Nils Lofgren, Stephen Stills, and CSNY bassist Greg Reeves. Young also recorded some tracks with Crazy Horse, but dismissed them early in the sessions. The eventual recording was less amplified than Everybody Knows This is Nowhere, with a wider range of sounds. Young`s newfound fame with CSNY made the album his commercial breakthrough as a solo artist, and it contains some of his best known work, including `Tell Me Why` and `Don`t Let It Bring You Down`; the singles `Only Love Can Break Your Heart` and `When You Dance I Can Really Love`; and the title track, `After the Gold Rush`, played on piano, with dreamlike lyrics that ran a gamut of subjects from drugs and interpersonal relationships to environmental concerns. Young`s bitter condemnation of racism in the heavy blues-rock song `Southern Man` (along with a later song entitled `Alabama`) was also controversial with southerners in an era of desegregation, prompting Lynyrd Skynyrd to decry Young by name in the lyrics to their hit `Sweet Home Alabama`. However, Young said he was a fan of Skynyrd`s music, and the band`s front man Ronnie Van Zant was later photographed wearing a Tonight`s the Night T-shirt on the cover of an album.[1] Young in the 1970s In the autumn of 1970, Young began a solo acoustic tour of North America, during which he played a variety of his Buffalo Springfield and CSNY songs on guitar and piano, along with material from his solo albums and a number of new songs. Some songs premiered by Young on the tour, like `Journey through the Past`, would never find a home on a studio album, while other songs, like `See the Sky About to Rain`, would only be released in coming years. Many gigs were sold out, including concerts at Carnegie Hall and a pair of acclaimed hometown shows at Toronto`s Massey Hall, which were taped for a planned live album. The shows became legendary among Young fans, and the recordings were officially released nearly 40 years later as an official bootleg in Young`s Archive series.[citation needed] Near the end of his tour, Young performed one of the new acoustic songs on the Johnny Cash TV show. `The Needle and the Damage Done`, a somber lament on the pain caused by heroin addiction, had been inspired in part by Crazy Horse member Danny Whitten, who eventually died while battling his drug problems.[56][57] While in Nashville for the Cash taping, Young accepted the invitation of Quadrafonic Sound Studios owner Elliot Mazer to record tracks there with a group of country-music session musicians who were pulled together at the last minute. Making a connection with them, he christened them The Stray Gators, and began playing with them. Befitting the immediacy of the project, Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor were brought in from the Cash taping to do background vocals. Against the advice of his producer David Briggs, he scrapped plans for the imminent release[58] of the live acoustic recording in favor of a studio album consisting of the Nashville sessions, electric-guitar oriented sessions recorded later in his barn, and two recordings made with the London Symphony Orchestra at Barking (credited as Barking Town Hall and now the Broadway Theatre) during March 1971.[59] The result was Young`s fourth album, Harvest (February 14, 1972), which was also the best selling album of 1972 in the US.[60] After his success with CSNY, Young purchased a ranch in the rural hills above Woodside and Redwood City in Northern California (`Broken Arrow Ranch`, where he lived until his divorce in 2014).[61] He wrote the song `Old Man` in honor of the land`s longtime caretaker, Louis Avila. The song `A Man Needs a Maid` was inspired by his relationship with actress Carrie Snodgress. `Heart of Gold` was released as the first single from Harvest, the only No. 1 hit in his career.[62] `Old Man` was also popular, reaching No. 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, marking Young`s third and final appearance in the chart`s Top 40 as a solo artist.[62] The album`s recording had been almost accidental. Its mainstream success caught Young off guard, and his first instinct was to back away from stardom. In the Decade (1977) compilation, Young chose to include his greatest hits from the period, but his handwritten liner notes famously described `Heart of Gold` as the song that `put me in the middle of the road. Traveling there soon became a bore, so I headed for the ditch. A rougher ride but I saw more interesting people there.`[63] The `Ditch` Trilogy and personal struggles (1972–1974)[edit] Although a new tour with The Stray Gators (now augmented by Danny Whitten) had been planned to follow up on the success of Harvest, it became apparent during rehearsals that Whitten could not function due to drug abuse. On November 18, 1972, shortly after he was fired from the tour preparations, Whitten was found dead of an apparent alcohol/diazepam overdose. Young described the incident to Rolling Stone`s Cameron Crowe in 1975: `[We] were rehearsing with him and he just couldn`t cut it. He couldn`t remember anything. He was too out of it. Too far gone. I had to tell him to go back to L.A. `It`s not happening, man. You`re not together enough.` He just said, `I`ve got nowhere else to go, man. How am I gonna tell my friends?` And he split. That night the coroner called me from L.A. and told me he`d OD`d. That blew my mind. I loved Danny. I felt responsible. And from there, I had to go right out on this huge tour of huge arenas. I was very nervous and ... insecure.`[45] On the tour, Young struggled with his voice and the performance of drummer Kenny Buttrey, a noted Nashville session musician who was unaccustomed to performing in the hard rock milieu; Buttrey was eventually replaced by former CSNY drummer Johnny Barbata, while David Crosby and Graham Nash contributed rhythm guitar and backing vocals to the final dates of the tour. The album assembled in the aftermath of this incident, Time Fades Away (October 15, 1973), has often been described by Young as `[his] least favorite record`, and was not officially released on CD until 2017 (as part of Young`s Official Release Series). Nevertheless, Young and his band tried several new musical approaches in this period. Time Fades Away, for instance, was recorded live, although it was an album of new material, an approach Young would repeat with more success later on. Time was the first of three consecutive commercial failures which would later become known collectively to fans as the `Ditch Trilogy`, as contrasted with the more middle-of-the-road pop of Harvest.[64] - Young in Austin, Texas, on November 9, 1976 In the second half of 1973, Young formed The Santa Monica Flyers, with Crazy Horse`s rhythm section augmented by Nils Lofgren on guitar and piano and Harvest/Time Fades Away veteran Ben Keith on pedal steel guitar. Deeply affected by the drug-induced deaths of Whitten and roadie Bruce Berry, Young recorded an album specifically inspired by the incidents, Tonight`s the Night (June 20, 1975). The album`s dark tone and rawness led Reprise to delay its release and Young had to pressure them for two years before they would do so.[65] While his record company was stalling, Young recorded another album, On the Beach (July 16, 1974), which presented a more melodic, acoustic sound at times, including a recording of the older song `See the Sky About to Rain`, but dealt with similarly dark themes such as the collapse of 1960s folk ideals, the downside of success and the underbelly of the Californian lifestyle. Like Time Fades Away, it sold poorly but eventually became a critical favorite, presenting some of Young`s most original work. A review of the 2003 re-release on CD of On the Beach described the music as `mesmerizing, harrowing, lucid, and bleary`.[66] After completing On the Beach, Young reunited with Harvest producer Elliot Mazer to record another acoustic album, Homegrown. Most of the songs were written after Young`s breakup with Carrie Snodgress, and thus the tone of the album was somewhat dark. Though Homegrown was reportedly entirely complete, Young decided, not for the first or last time in his career, to drop it and release something else instead, in this case, Tonight`s the Night, at the suggestion of Band bassist Rick Danko.[67] Young further explained his move by saying: `It was a little too personal ... it scared me`.[67] Most of the songs from Homegrown were later incorporated into other Young albums while the original album was not released until 2020. Tonight`s the Night, when finally released in 1975, sold poorly, as had the previous albums of the `ditch` trilogy, and received mixed reviews at the time, but is now regarded as a landmark album. In Young`s own opinion, it was the closest he ever came to art.[68] Reunions, retrospectives and Rust Never Sleeps (1974–1979)[edit] Young reunited with Crosby, Stills, and Nash after a four-year hiatus in the summer of 1974 for a concert tour which was partially recorded; highlights were ultimately released in 2014 as CSNY 1974. It was one of the first ever stadium tours, and the largest tour in which Young has participated to date.[69] In 1975, Young reformed Crazy Horse with Frank Sampedro on guitar as his backup band for his eighth album, Zuma (November 10, 1975). Many of the songs dealt with the theme of failed relationships; `Cortez the Killer`, a retelling of the Spanish conquest of Mexico from the viewpoint of the Aztecs, may also be heard as an allegory of love lost. Zuma`s closing track, `Through My Sails`, was the only released fragment from aborted sessions with Crosby, Stills and Nash for another group album.[citation needed] In 1976, Young reunited with Stephen Stills for the album Long May You Run (September 20, 1976), credited to The Stills-Young Band; the follow-up tour was ended midway through by Young, who sent Stills a telegram that read: `Funny how some things that start spontaneously end that way. Eat a peach, Neil.`[70] The Last Waltz, Young (center on left microphone) performing with Bob Dylan and The Band, among others in 1976 In 1976, Young performed with Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, and numerous other rock musicians in the high-profile all-star concert The Last Waltz, the final performance by The Band. The release of Martin Scorsese`s movie of the concert was delayed while Scorsese unwillingly re-edited it to obscure the lump of cocaine that was clearly visible hanging from Young`s nose during his performance of `Helpless`.[71] American Stars `n Bars (June 13, 1977) contained two songs originally recorded for the Homegrown album, `Homegrown` and `Star of Bethlehem`, as well as newer material, including the future concert staple `Like a Hurricane`. Performers on the record included Linda Ronstadt, Emmylou Harris and Young protégé Nicolette Larson along with Crazy Horse. In 1977, Young also released the compilation Decade, a personally selected set of songs spanning every aspect of his work, including a handful of previously unreleased songs. The record included less commercial album tracks alongside radio hits.[citation needed] In June 1977 Young joined with Jeff Blackburn, Bob Mosley and John Craviotto (who later founded Craviotto drums) to form a band called The Ducks. Over a 7-week period the band performed 22 shows in Santa Cruz CA but were not allowed to appear beyond city limits due to Young`s Crazy Horse contract. In April 2023 Young officially released a double album of songs culled from the band`s performances at multiple venues as well as from sessions at a local recording studio. The double album was part of the Neil Young Archives project positioned within the Official Bootleg Series, titled High Flyin`. Comes a Time (October 2, 1978), Young`s first entirely new solo recording since the mid-1970s, marked a return to the commercially accessible, Nashville-inspired sound of Harvest while also featuring contributions from Larson and Crazy Horse. The album also marked a return to his folk roots, as exemplified by a cover of Ian Tyson`s `Four Strong Winds`, a song Young associated with his childhood in Canada. Another of the album`s songs, `Lotta Love`, was also recorded by Larson, with her version reaching No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 in February 1979. In 1978, much of the filming was done for Young`s film Human Highway, which took its name from a song featured on Comes a Time. Over four years, Young would spend US$3,000,000 of his own money on production (US$14,014,286 in 2023 dollars[72]). This also marked the beginning of his brief collaboration with the art punk band Devo, whose members appeared in the film.[73] Young set out in 1978 on the lengthy Rust Never Sleeps tour, in which he played a wealth of new material. Each concert was divided into a solo acoustic set and an electric set with Crazy Horse. The electric sets, featuring an abrasive style of playing, were influenced by the punk rock zeitgeist of the late 1970s and provided a stark contrast from Comes a Time.[74] Two new songs, the acoustic `My My, Hey Hey (Out of the Blue)` and electric `Hey Hey, My My (Into the Black)` were the centerpiece of the new material. During the filming of Human Highway, Young had collaborated with Devo on a cacophonous version of `Hey Hey, My My` at the Different Fur studio in San Francisco and would later introduce the song to Crazy Horse.[75] The lyric `It`s better to burn out than to fade away` was widely quoted by his peers and by critics.[75] The album has also widely been considered a precursor of grunge music with the bands Nirvana and Pearl Jam having cited Young`s heavily distorted and abrasive guitar style on the B side to this album as an inspiration.[76] Young also compared the rise of Johnny Rotten with that of the recently deceased `King` Elvis Presley, who himself had once been disparaged as a dangerous influence only to later become an icon. Rotten returned the favor by playing one of Young`s songs, `Revolution Blues` from On the Beach, on a London radio show, an early sign of Young`s eventual embrace by a number of punk-influenced alternative musicians.[77] Young`s two accompanying albums Rust Never Sleeps (July 2, 1979; new material culled from live recordings, but featuring studio overdubs) and Live Rust (November 19, 1979; a genuine concert recording featuring old and new material) captured the two sides of the concerts, with solo acoustic songs on side A, and fierce, uptempo, electric songs on side B. A movie version of the concerts, also called Rust Never Sleeps (1979), was directed by Young under the pseudonym `Bernard Shakey`. Young worked with rock artist Jim Evans to create the poster art for the film, using the Star Wars Jawas as a theme. Young`s work since Harvest had alternated between being rejected by mass audiences and being seen as backward-looking by critics, sometimes both at once, and now he was suddenly viewed as relevant by a new generation, who began to discover his earlier work. Readers and critics of Rolling Stone voted him Artist of the Year for 1979 (along with The Who), selected Rust Never Sleeps as Album of the Year, and voted him Male Vocalist of the Year as well.[78] The Village Voice named Rust Never Sleeps as the year`s second best album in the Pazz & Jop Poll,[79] a survey of nationwide critics, and honored Young as the Artist of the Decade.[80] Experimental years (1980–1988)[edit] At the start of the 1980s, distracted by medical concerns relating to the cerebral palsy of his son, Ben, Young had little time to spend on writing and recording.[81] After providing the incidental music to the 1980 film Where the Buffalo Roam, Young released Hawks & Doves (November 3, 1980), a short record pieced together from sessions going back to 1974.[81] Re·ac·tor (1981), an electric album recorded with Crazy Horse, also included material from the 1970s.[82] Young did not tour in support of either album; in total, he played only one show, a set at the 1980 Bread and Roses Festival in Berkeley,[83] between the end of his 1978 tour with Crazy Horse and the start of his tour with the Trans Band in mid-1982.[citation needed] The 80s were really good. The 80s were like, artistically, very strong for me, because I knew no boundaries and was experimenting with everything that I could come across, sometimes with great success, sometimes with terrible results, but nonetheless I was able to do this, and I was able to realize that I wasn`t in a box, and I wanted to establish that. — Neil Young[84] The 1982 album Trans, which incorporated vocoders, synthesizers, and electronic beats, was Young`s first for the new label Geffen Records (distributed at the time by Warner Bros. Records, whose parent Warner Music Group owns most of Young`s solo and band catalog) and represented a distinct stylistic departure. Young later revealed that an inspiration for the album was the theme of technology and communication with Ben, who could not speak.[85] An extensive tour preceded the release of the album, and was documented by the video Neil Young in Berlin, which saw release in 1986. MTV played the video for `Sample and Hold` in light rotation.[citation needed] Young playing in Barcelona, Spain, 1984 Young`s next album, 1983`s Everybody`s Rockin`, included several rockabilly covers and clocked in at less than 25 minutes in length. Young was backed by the Shocking Pinks for the supporting US tour. Trans (1982) had already drawn the ire of label head David Geffen for its lack of commercial appeal, and with Everybody`s Rockin` following seven months later, Geffen Records sued Young for making music `unrepresentative` of himself.[86] The album was also notable as the first for which Young made commercial music videos – Tim Pope directed the videos for `Wonderin`` and `Cry, Cry, Cry`. Also premiered in 1983, though little seen, was the long-gestating Human Highway. Co-directed and co-written by Young, the eclectic comedy starred Young, Dean Stockwell, Russ Tamblyn, Dennis Hopper, David Blue, Sally Kirkland, Charlotte Stewart and members of Devo.[87] Young did not release an album in 1984, his first unproductive year since beginning his career with Buffalo Springfield in 1966. Young`s lack of productivity was largely due to the ongoing legal battle with Geffen, although he was also frustrated that the label had rejected his 1982 country album Old Ways.[88] It was also the year when Young`s third child was born, a girl named Amber Jean, who was later diagnosed with inherited epilepsy.[89] Young spent most of 1984 and all of 1985 touring for Old Ways (August 12, 1985) with his country band, the International Harvesters. The album was finally released in an altered form midway through 1985. Young also appeared at that year`s Live Aid concert in Philadelphia, collaborating with Crosby, Stills and Nash for the quartet`s first performance for a paying audience in over ten years.[citation needed] Young`s last two albums for Geffen were more conventional in the genre, although they incorporated production techniques like synthesizers and echoing drums that were previously uncommon in Young`s music. Young recorded 1986`s Landing on Water without Crazy Horse but reunited with the band for the subsequent year-long tour and final Geffen album, Life, which emerged in 1987. Young`s album sales dwindled steadily throughout the eighties; today Life remains his all-time-least successful studio album, with an estimated four hundred thousand sales worldwide.[90] Switching back to his old label Reprise Records, Young continued to tour relentlessly, assembling a new blues band called The Bluenotes in mid-1987 (a legal dispute with musician Harold Melvin forced the eventual rechristening of the band as Ten Men Working midway through the tour). The addition of a brass section provided a new jazzier sound, and the title track of 1988`s This Note`s For You became Young`s first hit single of the decade. Accompanied by a video that parodied corporate rock, the pretensions of advertising, and Michael Jackson, the song was initially unofficially banned by MTV for mentioning the brand names of some of their sponsors. Young wrote an open letter, `What does the M in MTV stand for: music or money?` Despite this, the video was eventually named best video of the year by the network in 1989.[91] Young reunited with Crosby, Stills, and Nash to record the 1988 album American Dream and play two benefit concerts late in the year, but the group did not embark upon a full tour.[citation needed] Young attracted criticism from liberals in the music industry when he supported President Ronald Reagan and said he was `tired of people constantly apologising for being Americans`.[92] In a 1985 interview with Melody Maker, he said about the AIDS pandemic: `You go to a supermarket and you see a faggot behind the fuckin` cash register, you don`t want him to handle your potatoes.`[93] In the same interview, Young also complained about welfare beneficiaries, saying: `Stop being supported by the government and get out and work. You have to make the weak stand up on one leg, or half a leg, whatever they`ve got.`[94] Rolling Stone wrote in 2013 that Young `almost certainly regrets that horrific statement` and that he `quickly moved away from right-wing politics`.[93] Return to prominence (1989–1999)[edit] Young performing in 1996 in Turku, Finland Young`s 1989 single `Rockin` in the Free World`, which hit No. 2 on the US mainstream-rock charts, and accompanying the album, Freedom, returned Young to the popular consciousness after a decade of sometimes-difficult genre experiments. The album`s lyrics were often overtly political; `Rockin` in the Free World` deals with homelessness, terrorism, and environmental degradation, implicitly criticizing the government policies of President George H. W. Bush.[95] The use of heavy feedback and distortion on several Freedom tracks was reminiscent of the Rust Never Sleeps (1979) album and foreshadowed the imminent rise of grunge. The rising stars of the subgenre, including Nirvana`s Kurt Cobain and Pearl Jam`s Eddie Vedder, frequently cited Young as a major influence, contributing to his popular revival. A tribute album called The Bridge: A Tribute to Neil Young was released in 1989, featuring covers by a range of alternative and grunge acts, including Sonic Youth, Nick Cave, Soul Asylum, Dinosaur Jr, and the Pixies.[citation needed] Young`s 1990 album Ragged Glory, recorded with Crazy Horse in a barn on his Northern California ranch, continued this distortion-heavy aesthetic. Young toured for the album with Orange County, California country-punk band Social Distortion and Sonic Youth as support, much to the consternation of many of his old fans.[96] Weld, a two-disc live album documenting the tour, was released in 1991.[96] Sonic Youth`s influence was evident on Arc, a 35-minute collage of feedback and distortion spliced together at the suggestion of Thurston Moore and originally packaged with some versions of Weld.[96] 1992`s Harvest Moon marked an abrupt return (prompted by Young`s hyperacusis in the aftermath of the Weld tour) to the country and folk-rock stylings of Harvest and reunited him with some of the musicians from that album, including the core members of the Stray Gators and singers Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor. The title track was a minor hit, and the record was well received by critics, winning the Juno Award for Album of the Year in 1994. Young also contributed to lifelong friend Randy Bachman`s nostalgic 1992 tune `Prairie Town`, and garnered a 1993 Academy Award nomination for his song `Philadelphia`, from the soundtrack of the Jonathan Demme movie of the same name. An MTV Unplugged performance and album emerged in 1993. Later that year, Young collaborated with Booker T. and the M.G.s for a summer tour of Europe and North America, with Blues Traveler, Soundgarden, and Pearl Jam also on the bill. Some European shows ended with a rendition of `Rockin` in the Free World` played with Pearl Jam, foreshadowing their eventual full-scale collaboration two years later.[citation needed] Young on stage in Barcelona In 1994, Young again collaborated with Crazy Horse for Sleeps with Angels, a record whose dark, somber mood was influenced by Kurt Cobain`s death earlier that year: the title track in particular dealt with Cobain`s life and death, without mentioning him by name. Cobain had quoted Young`s lyric `It`s better to burn out than fade away` (a line from `My My, Hey Hey`) in his suicide note. Young had reportedly made repeated attempts to contact Cobain prior to his death.[97] Young and Pearl Jam performed `Act of Love` at an abortion rights benefit along with Crazy Horse, and were present at a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame dinner, sparking interest in a collaboration between the two.[98] Still enamored with the grunge scene, Young reconnected with Pearl Jam in 1995 for the live-in-the-studio album Mirror Ball and a tour of Europe with the band and producer Brendan O`Brien backing Young. 1995 also marked Young`s induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, where he was inducted by Eddie Vedder.[99] Young has consistently demonstrated the unbridled passion of an artist who understands that self-renewal is the only way to avoid burning out. For this reason, he has remained one of the most significant artists of the rock and roll era. — Rock and Roll Hall of Fame website.[99][100] In 1995, Young and his manager Elliot Roberts founded a record label, Vapor Records.[101] It has released recordings by Tegan and Sara, Spoon, Jonathan Richman, Vic Chesnutt, Everest, Pegi Young, Jets Overhead, and Young himself, among others.[101] Young`s next collaborative partner was filmmaker Jim Jarmusch, who asked Young to compose a soundtrack to his 1995 black-and-white western film Dead Man. Young`s instrumental soundtrack was improvised while he watched the film alone in a studio. The death of long-time mentor, friend, and producer David Briggs in late 1995 prompted Young to reconnect with Crazy Horse the following year for the album and tour Broken Arrow. A Jarmusch-directed concert film and live album of the tour, Year of the Horse, emerged in 1997. From 1996 to 1997, Young and Crazy Horse toured extensively throughout Europe and North America, including a stint as part of the H.O.R.D.E. Festival`s sixth annual tour.[citation needed] In 1998, Young renewed his collaboration with the rock band Phish, sharing the stage at the annual Farm Aid concert and then at Young`s Bridge School Benefit, where he joined headliners Phish for renditions of `Helpless` and `I Shall Be Released`.[102] Phish declined Young`s later invitation to be his backing band on his 1999 North American tour.[citation needed] The decade ended with the release in late 1999 of Looking Forward, another reunion with Crosby, Stills, and Nash. The subsequent tour of the United States and Canada with the reformed quartet earned US$42.1 million, making it the eighth largest grossing tour of 2000.[citation needed] Health condition and new material (2000s)[edit] Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young perform at the PNC Bank Arts Center in 2006. (From L to R: Nash, Stills, Young, and Crosby) Neil Young continued to release new material at a rapid pace through the first decade of the new millennium. The studio album Silver & Gold and live album Road Rock Vol. 1 were released in 2000 and were both accompanied by live concert films. His 2001 single `Let`s Roll` was a tribute to the victims of the September 11 attacks, and the effective action taken by the passengers and crew on Flight 93 in particular.[103] In 2003, Young released Greendale, a concept album recorded with Crazy Horse members Billy Talbot and Ralph Molina. The songs loosely revolved around the murder of a police officer in a small town in California and its effects on the town`s inhabitants.[104] Under the pseudonym `Bernard Shakey`, Young directed an accompanying film of the same name, featuring actors lip-synching to the music from the album. He toured extensively with the Greendale material throughout 2003 and 2004, first with a solo, acoustic version in Europe, then with a full-cast stage show in North America, Japan, and Australia. Young began using biodiesel on the 2004 Greendale tour, powering his trucks and tour buses with the fuel. `Our Greendale tour is now ozone friendly`, he said. `I plan to continue to use this government approved and regulated fuel exclusively from now on to prove that it is possible to deliver the goods anywhere in North America without using foreign oil, while being environmentally responsible.`[105] Stills and Young performing together on the Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young 2006 tour In March 2005, while working on the Prairie Wind album in Nashville,[106] Young was diagnosed with a brain aneurysm. He was treated successfully with a minimally invasive neuroradiological procedure, performed in a New York hospital on March 29,[107] but two days afterwards he passed out on a New York street from bleeding from the femoral artery, which radiologists had used to access the aneurysm.[108] The complication forced Young to cancel his scheduled appearance at the Juno Awards telecast in Winnipeg, but within months he was back on stage, appearing at the close of the Live 8 concert in Barrie, Ontario, on July 2. During the performance, he debuted a new song, a soft hymn called `When God Made Me`. Young`s brush with death influenced Prairie Wind`s themes of retrospection and mortality.[109] 2010s[edit] In May 2010, it was revealed Young had begun working on a new studio album produced by Daniel Lanois. This was announced by David Crosby, who said that the album `will be a very heartfelt record. I expect it will be a very special record.`[110] On May 18, 2010, Young embarked upon a North American solo tour to promote his then upcoming album, Le Noise, playing a mix of older songs and new material. Although billed as a solo acoustic tour, Young also played some songs on electric guitars, including Old Black.[111] In September 2011, Jonathan Demme`s third documentary film on the singer songwriter, Neil Young Journeys, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.[112] Neil Young with Crazy Horse released the album Americana on June 5, 2012. It was Young`s first collaboration with Crazy Horse since the Greendale album and tour in 2003 and 2004. The record is a tribute to unofficial national anthems that jumps from an uncensored version of `This Land Is Your Land` to `Clementine` and includes a version of `God Save the Queen`, which Young grew up singing every day in school in Canada.[113] Americana is Neil Young`s first album composed entirely of cover songs. The album debuted at number four on the Billboard 200, making it Young`s highest-charting album in the US since Harvest.[114] On June 5, 2012, American Songwriter also reported that Neil Young and Crazy Horse would be launching their first tour in eight years in support of the album.[115] On September 25, 2012, Young`s autobiography Waging Heavy Peace: A Hippie Dream was released to critical and commercial acclaim.[116] Reviewing the book for the New York Times, Janet Maslin reported that Young chose to write his memoirs in 2012 for two reasons: he needed to take a break from stage performances for health reasons but continue to generate income; and he feared the onset of dementia, considering his father`s medical history and his own present condition. Maslin praised the book, describing it as frank but quirky and without pathos.[117] In November 2013, Young performed at the annual fundraiser for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music. Following the Red Hot Chili Peppers, he played an acoustic set to a crowd who had paid a minimum of $2,000 a seat to attend the benefit in the famous Paramour Mansion overlooking downtown Los Angeles.[118] Young released the album A Letter Home on April 19, 2014, through Jack White`s record label, and his second memoir, entitled Special Deluxe, which was released on October 14.[119] He appeared with White on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on May 12, 2014.[120] Young released his thirty-fifth studio album, Storytone on November 4, 2014. The first song released from the album, `Who`s Gonna Stand Up?`, was released in three different versions on September 25, 2014.[121] Storytone was followed in 2015 by his concept album The Monsanto Years.[122] The Monsanto Years is an album themed both in support of sustainable farming, and to protest the biotechnology company Monsanto.[123] Young achieves this protest in a series of lyrical sentiments against genetically modified food production. He created this album in collaboration with Willie Nelson`s sons, Lukas and Micah, and is also backed by Lukas`s fellow band members from Promise of the Real.[124] Additionally, Young released a film in tandem to the album, (also entitled The Monsanto Years), that documents the album`s recording, and can be streamed online.[125] In August 2019, The Guardian reported Young, among other environmental activists, was being spied on by the firm.[126] In summer 2015, Young undertook a North America tour titled the Rebel Content Tour. The tour began on July 5, 2015, at the Summerfest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and ended on July 24, 2015, at the Wayhome Festival in Oro-Medonte, Ontario. Lukas Nelson & Promise of the Real were special guests for the tour.[127][128] In October 2016, Young performed at Desert Trip in Indio, California,[129][130] and announced his thirty-seventh studio album, Peace Trail, recorded with drummer Jim Keltner and bass guitarist Paul Bushnell,[131] which was released that December. On September 8, 2017, Young released Hitchhiker, a studio LP recorded on August 11, 1976, at Indigo Studios in Malibu. The album features ten songs that Young recorded accompanied by acoustic guitar or piano.[132] While different versions of most of the songs have been previously released, the new album will include two never-before-released songs: `Hawaii` and `Give Me Strength`, which Young has occasionally performed live.[133] On July 4, 2017, Young released the song `Children of Destiny` which would appear on his next album. On November 3, 2017, Young released `Already Great`, a song from The Visitor, an album he recorded with Promise of the Real and released on December 1, 2017.[134] On Record Store Day, April 21, 2018, Warner Records released a two-vinyl LP special edition of Roxy: Tonight`s the Night Live, a double live album of a show that Young performed in September 1973 at the Roxy in West Hollywood, with the Santa Monica Flyers. The album is labeled as `Volume 05` in Young`s Performance Series.[135] On October 19, 2018, Young released a live version of his song `Campaigner`, an excerpt from a forthcoming archival live album titled Songs for Judy, which features solo performances recorded during a November 1976 tour with Crazy Horse. It will be the first release from his new label Shakey Pictures Records.[136][137][138] In December 2018, Young criticized the promoters of a London show for selecting Barclays Bank as a sponsor. Young objected to the bank`s association with fossil fuels. Young explained that he was trying to rectify the situation by finding a different sponsor.[139] On August 19, 2019, Neil Young and Crazy Horse announced the forthcoming release later in August 2019 of the new song `Rainbow of Colors`, the first single from the album Colorado, Young`s first new record with the band in seven years, since 2012`s Psychedelic Pill. Young, multi-instrumentalist Nils Lofgren, bassist Billy Talbot and drummer Ralph Molina recorded the new album with Young`s co-producer, John Hanlon, in spring 2019. Colorado was released on October 25, 2019[140][141] on Reprise Records. On August 30, 2019, Young unveiled `Milky Way`, the first song from Colorado, a love ballad he had performed several times at concerts – both solo acoustic and with Promise of the Real.[142] 2020s[edit] In February 2020, Young wrote an open letter to President Trump, calling him a `disgrace to my country`.[143][144] On August 4, 2020, Young filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Trump`s reelection campaign for the use of his music at campaign rallies.[145] In April 2020, Young announced that he was working on a new archival album, Road of Plenty, comprising music made with Crazy Horse in 1986 and rehearsals for his 1989 Saturday Night Live appearance.[146] On June 19, Young released a `lost` album, Homegrown. He recorded it in the mid-1970s following his breakup with Carrie Snodgress, but opted not to release it at the time, feeling it was too personal.[147] In September, Young released a live EP, The Times. Young shared the news via his video for his new song `Lookin` for a Leader`, stating: `I invite the President to play this song at his next rally. A song about the feelings many of us have about America today.`[148] In January 2021, Young sold 50% of the rights to his back catalog to the British investment company Hipgnosis Songs Fund. The value was estimated to be at least $150 million.[149][150] Young and Crazy Horse released a new album, Barn, on December 10, 2021. The first single, `Song of the Seasons`, was released on October 15, followed by `Welcome Back` on December 3, along with a music video. A stand-alone will be released on Blu-ray and will be directed by Daryl Hannah.[151] Young also confirmed that he had completed his third book, Canary, his first work of fiction.[152] On January 24, 2022, Young posted an open letter threatening to remove his music from the audio streaming service Spotify if it did not remove The Joe Rogan Experience podcast. Young accused the podcast of spreading COVID-19 misinformation on December 31, writing that `Spotify has a responsibility to mitigate the spread of misinformation on its platform`.[153] On January 26, Young`s music was removed from Spotify. A Spotify spokesperson said that Spotify wanted `all the world`s music and audio content to be available to Spotify users` and that it had a `great responsibility in balancing both safety for listeners and freedom for creators`.[153] In solidarity, artists including Joni Mitchell and the members of Crosby, Stills, and Nash also removed their music from Spotify.[154][155][156] The Director-General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, also praised Young.[155] In 2023, Young criticized Ticketmaster`s practice of raising ticket prices and adding fees. He said he had been sent letters from fans blaming him for US$3,000 tickets for a benefit concert he was performing, and that `artists have to worry about ripped off fans blaming them for Ticketmaster add-ons and scalpers`.[157] In March 2024, Young returned his music to Spotify, as the end of Rogan`s contract meant Rogan could add The Joe Rogan Experience to other streaming platforms, such as Apple Music and Amazon Music. Young said he could not sustain his opposition across each of the platforms.[158] Archives project[edit] Main article: Neil Young Archives Since 2006, Young has been maintaining the Neil Young Archives, a project which encompasses the release of live albums, starting in 2006 with Live at the Fillmore East, box sets of live and studio material, starting in 2009 with The Archives Vol. 1 1963–1972, as well as video releases. As of 2019, the project has evolved into a subscription website and application where all of his music is available to stream in high resolution audio. Neil Young Archives also includes his newspaper, The Times-Contrarian, The Hearse Theater, and photographs and memorabilia from throughout his career.[159] Activism, philanthropy and humanitarian efforts[edit] Young`s renewed activism manifested itself in the 2006 album Living with War, which like the much earlier song `Ohio`, was recorded and released in less than a month as a direct result of current events.[160] Most of the album`s songs rebuked the Bush administration`s policy of war by examining its human costs to soldiers, their loved ones, and civilians, but Young also included a few songs on other themes and an outright protest song entitled `Let`s Impeach the President`,[161] in which he asserted that Bush had lied to lead the country into war. While Young had never been a stranger to eco-friendly lyrics, themes of environmentalist spirituality and activism became increasingly prominent in his work throughout the 1990s and 2000s, especially on Greendale (2003)[162] and Living with War (2006).[163] The trend continued on 2007`s Chrome Dreams II, with lyrics exploring Young`s personal eco-spirituality.[164] Young remains on the board of directors of Farm Aid, an organization he co-founded with Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp in 1985. According to its website, it is the longest running concert benefit series in the US and it has raised $43 million since its first benefit concert in 1985. Each year, Young co-hosts and performs with well-known guest performers who include Dave Matthews and producers who include Evelyn Shriver and Mark Rothbaum, at the Farm Aid annual benefit concerts to raise funds and provide grants to family farms and prevent foreclosures, provide a crisis hotline, and create and promote home grown farm food in the United States.[165] Young performing in Oslo, Norway, in 2009 In 2008, Young revealed his latest project, the production of a hybrid-engine 1959 Lincoln called LincVolt.[166] A new album loosely based on the Lincvolt project, Fork in the Road, was released on April 7, 2009.[167] A Jonathan Demme concert film from a 2007 concert at the Tower Theater in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, called the Neil Young Trunk Show premiered on March 21, 2009, at the South by Southwest (SXSW) Film Conference and Festival in Austin, Texas. It was featured at the Cannes Film Festival on May 17, 2009, and was released in the US on March 19, 2010,[168] to critical acclaim.[169][170][171] In 2009, Young headlined the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival, and Glastonbury Festival in Pilton, England,[172] at Hard Rock Calling in London (where he was joined onstage by Paul McCartney for a rendition of `A Day in the Life`) and, after years of unsuccessful booking attempts, the Isle of Wight Festival.[173] Young has been a vocal opponent of the proposed Keystone XL oil pipeline, which would run from Alberta to Texas. When discussing the environmental impact on the oilsands of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Young asserted that the area now resembles the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the aftermath of the atomic bomb attack of World War II.[174] Young has referred to issues surrounding the proposed use of oil pipelines as `scabs on our lives`.[174] In an effort to become more involved, Young has worked directly with the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation to draw attention to this issue, performing benefit concerts and speaking publicly on the subject. In 2014, he played four shows in Canada dedicated to the Honor the Treaties[175] movement, raising money for the Athabasca Chipewyan legal defense fund.[176] In 2015, he and Willie Nelson held a festival in Neligh, Nebraska, called Harvest the Hope, raising awareness of the impact of oilsands and oil pipelines on Native Americans and family farmers. Both received honors from leaders of the Rosebud Sioux, Oglala Lakota, Ponca and Omaha nations, and were invested with sacred buffalo robes.[177] Young participated in the Blue Dot Tour, which was organized and fronted by environmental activist David Suzuki, and toured all 10 Canadian provinces alongside other Canadian artists including the Barenaked Ladies, Feist, and Robert Bateman. The intent of Young`s participation in this tour was to raise awareness of the environmental damage caused by the exploitation of oilsands. Young has argued that the amount of CO2 released as a byproduct of oilsand oil extraction is equivalent to the amount released by the total number of cars in Canada each day.[178] Young has faced criticism by representatives from within the Canadian petroleum industry, who have argued that his statements are irresponsible.[174] Young`s opposition to the construction of oil pipelines has influenced his music as well. His song, `Who`s Going to Stand Up?` was written to protest this issue, and features the lyric `Ban fossil fuel and draw the line / Before we build one more pipeline`.[174] In addition to directly criticizing members of the oil industry, Young has also focused blame on the actions of the Canadian government for ignoring the environmental impacts of climate change. He referred to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper as `an embarrassment to many Canadians ... [and] a very poor imitation of the George Bush administration in the United States`.[178] Young was also critical of Barack Obama`s government for failing to uphold the promises made regarding environmental policies during his election campaign.[178] Young recorded `A Rock Star Bucks a Coffee Shop` in response to Starbucks` possible involvement with Monsanto and use of genetically modified food.[179][180] The song was included on his 2015 concept album The Monsanto Years.[181] Personal life[edit] Homes and residency[edit] Young`s family was from Manitoba, where both his parents were born and married. Young himself was born in Toronto, Ontario, and lived there at various times in his early life (1945, 1957, 1959–1960, 1966–1967), as well as Omemee (1945–1952) and Pickering, Ontario (1956) before settling with his mother in Winnipeg, Manitoba (1958, 1960–1966), where his music career began and which he considers his `hometown`.[182] After becoming successful, he bought properties in California. Young had a home in Malibu, California, which burned to the ground in the 2018 Woolsey Fire.[183] Young had lived outside Canada from 1967, before returning in 2020. Young owned Broken Arrow Ranch, a property of about 1,000 acres[184] near La Honda, California, which he purchased in 1970 for US$350,000 (US$2.7 million in 2023 dollars);[72] the property was subsequently expanded to thousands of acres.[185][186] He moved out and gave Pegi Young the ranch after their divorce in 2014. Young`s son Ben lives there.[61] Young announced in 2019 that his application for United States citizenship had been held up because of his use of marijuana. In 2020, the issue was resolved and he became a United States citizen.[187][188][189][190] Almost immediately upon gaining US citizenship, Young returned to living in Canada for the first time in over half-a-century, as he and Daryl Hannah moved to a cottage near Omemee, the town where he had originally lived from shortly after his birth until the age of 7.[191][192] Relationships and family[edit] Young married his first wife, restaurant owner Susan Acevedo, in December 1968. They were together until October 1970, when she filed for divorce.[193] From late 1970 to 1975, Young was in a relationship with actress Carrie Snodgress. The song `A Man Needs a Maid` from Harvest is inspired by his seeing her in the film Diary of a Mad Housewife. They met soon afterward and she moved in with him on his ranch in northern California. They have a son, Zeke, who was born September 8, 1972. He has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy.[194][195] Young met future wife Pegi Young (née Morton) in 1974 when she was working as a waitress at a diner near his ranch, a story he tells in the 1992 song `Unknown Legend`. They married in August 1978[196] and had two children together, Ben and Amber. Ben has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy,[195] and Amber has been diagnosed with epilepsy.[195] The couple were musical collaborators and co-founded the Bridge School in 1986.[197][198] On July 29, 2014, Young filed for divorce after 36 years of marriage.[61] Pegi died on January 1, 2019.[199] Young has been in a relationship with actress and director Daryl Hannah since 2014.[200] Young and Hannah were reported to have wed on August 25, 2018, in Atascadero, California.[201] Young confirmed his marriage to Hannah in a video released on October 31, 2018.[202] Young has been widely reported to be the godfather of actress Amber Tamblyn;[203] in a 2009 interview with Parade, Tamblyn explained that `godfather` was `just a loose term` for Young, Dennis Hopper, and Dean Stockwell, three famous friends of her father, Russ Tamblyn, who were important influences on her life.[204] Charity work[edit] Young is an environmentalist[205] and outspoken advocate for the welfare of small farmers, having co-founded in 1985 the benefit concert Farm Aid. He worked on LincVolt, the conversion of his 1959 Lincoln Continental to hybrid electric technology, as an environmentalist statement.[206][207] In 1986, Young helped found the Bridge School,[208] an educational organization for children with severe verbal and physical disabilities, and its annual supporting Bridge School Benefit concerts, together with his then wife Pegi Young.[209] Young is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.[210] Business ventures[edit] Young was part owner of Lionel, LLC, a company that makes toy trains and model railroad accessories.[211] In 2008 Lionel emerged from bankruptcy and his shares of the company were wiped out. He was instrumental in the design of the Lionel Legacy control system for model trains,[211] and remains on the board of directors of Lionel.[212] He has been named as co-inventor on seven US patents related to model trains.[213] Young has long held that the digital audio formats in which most people download music are deeply flawed, and do not provide the rich, warm sound of analog recordings. He claims to be acutely aware of the difference, and compares it with taking a shower in tiny ice cubes versus ordinary water.[214] Young and his company PonoMusic developed Pono, a music download service and dedicated music player focusing on `high-quality` uncompressed digital audio.[215] It was designed to compete against highly compressed MP3 type formats. Pono promised to present songs `as they first sound during studio recording`.[216][217][218] The service and the sale of the player were launched in October 2014.[219][220] Instruments[edit] Guitars[edit] Young playing a Gretsch White Falcon in Cologne, June 19, 2009 In 2003, Rolling Stone listed Young as eighty-third in its ranking of `The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time` (although in a more recent version of the list, he has been moved up to seventeenth place), describing him as a `restless experimenter ... who transform[s] the most obvious music into something revelatory`.[221] Young is a collector of second-hand guitars, but in recording and performing, he uses frequently just a few instruments, as is explained by his longtime guitar technician Larry Cragg in the film Neil Young: Heart of Gold. They include: a late 1950s Gretsch White Falcon purchased by Young near the end of the Buffalo Springfield era. In 1969, he bought a version of the same vintage guitar from Stephen Stills, and this instrument is featured prominently during Young`s early 1970s period, and can be heard on tracks like `Ohio`, `Southern Man`, `Alabama`, `Words (Between the Lines of Age)`, and `L.A.`. It was Young`s primary electric guitar during the Harvest (1972) era, since Young`s deteriorating back condition (eventually fixed with surgery) made playing the much heavier Les Paul (a favourite of his named Old Black) difficult.[222] Reed organ[edit] Young owns a restored Estey reed organ, serial number 167272, dating from 1885, which he frequently plays in concert.[223] Crystallophone[edit] Young owns a glass harmonica, which he played in the recording of `I Do` on his 2019 album Colorado.[224] Amplification[edit] Young uses various vintage Fender Tweed Deluxe amplifiers. His preferred amplifier for electric guitar is the Fender Deluxe, specifically a Tweed-era model from 1959. He purchased his first vintage Deluxe in 1967 for US$50 (US$460 in 2023 dollars[72]) from Sol Betnun Music on Larchmont in Hollywood and has since acquired nearly 450 different examples, all from the same era, but he maintains that it is the original model that sounds superior and is crucial to his trademark sound.[225] A notable and unique accessory to Young`s Deluxe is the Whizzer, a device created specifically for Young by Rick Davis, which physically changes the amplifier`s settings to pre-set combinations. This device is connected to footswitches operable by Young onstage in the manner of an effects pedal. Tom Wheeler`s book The Soul of Tone highlights the device on page 182/183.[226] Discography[edit] Main article: Neil Young discography and filmography See also: Crazy Horse (band) § Discography; Buffalo Springfield § Discography; and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young discography Neil Young (1968) Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (1969) (with Crazy Horse) After the Gold Rush (1970) Harvest (1972) Time Fades Away (1973) On the Beach (1974) Tonight`s the Night (1975) Zuma (1975) (with Crazy Horse) Long May You Run (1976) (credited to The Stills–Young Band) American Stars `n Bars (1977) Comes a Time (1978) Rust Never Sleeps (1979) Hawks & Doves (1980) Re