Dot Led matriks modul 8x8 sa MAX7219 cetvorostruki. Modul dolazi kompletno sklopljen i sa kablicima. Product Description The MAX7219 are compact, serial input/output common-cathode display drivers that interface microprocessors (μPs) to 7-segment numeric LED displays of up to 8 digits, bar-graph displays, or 64 individual LEDs. Included on-chip are a BCD code-B decoder, multiplex scan circuitry, segment and digit drivers, and an 8x8 static RAM that stores each digit.Only one external resistor is required to set the segment current for all LEDs. The MAX7219 is compatible with SPI™, QSPI™, and Microwire™, and has slew-ratelimited segment drivers to reduce EMI.A convenient 3-wire serial interface connects to all common μPs. Individual digits may be addressed and updated without rewriting the entire display. The MAX7219 also allow the user to select code-B decoding or no-decode for each digit.The devices include a 150μA low-power shutdown mode, analog and digital brightness control, a scanlimitregister that allows the user to display from 1 to 8 digits, and a test mode that forces all LEDs on. Features: A single module can drive a 8x8 dot matrix common cathode Module Working voltage: 5V Module size: 12.8 cm X3.2 cm X1.3 cm(L*W*H) With 64 fixing screw holes, Hole diameter 3mm Module with input and output interfaces, support for cascading multiple modules Wiring:for example 51 SCM VCC→5V GND→GND DIN→P2.2 CS →P2.1 CLK→P2.0

Filmovi Andreja Tarkovskog: vizuelna fuga / Vida T. Džonson, Grejem Petri Banja Luka 2007. 351 strana. 24 cm NOVO Filmovi Andreja Tarkovskog daju novo viđenje jednog od najvećih - i naimanje shvaćenih filmskih autora u poslednje četiri decenije. Džonson i Pitri opisuju svaki film Tarkovskog, tumačeći ga u okviru biografskog i istorijskog okvira. Prvi deo istražuje život Tarkovskog, njegove metode rada, estetske teorije, i njegovo mesto unutar spektra Sovjetske kinematografije. Drugi deo daje kritičke analize sedam glavnih filmova Tarkovskog i detaljni sadržaj svakog filma. Poslednji deo ispituje glavna stitlistička sredstva, slikovne obrasce koji se ponavljaju, i teme koje sačinjavaju `poetski svet` Tarkovskog. Tekst je obogaćen sa više od šesdeset slajdova kvadrata iz filma. Ova studija skida naslage mita i dezinformacija koje pokrivaju kreativni rad i život ovog velikog filmskog autora, i daje bogatu i detaljnu analizu njegovih filmova. Andrej Tarkovski je nesumnjivo najveći Ruski filmski stvaralac posle Ezeištaina. Njegov vizionarski pristup filmskoj priči i prostoru kao i njegova poetična posvećenost filmu svakako je bitno uticala na razvoj moderne filmske umetnosti. B. B. Grulović VIDA T. JOHNSON, Vanredni Profesor i Direktor programa za ruski jezik na univerzitetu Tafts, zajedno sa Grejemom Pitrijem bila je koautor poglavlja o Andreju Tarkovskom knjizi Five Filmmakers (Pet filmskih stvaralaca, čiji je urednik Danijel Goulding). GREJEM PETRI, Profesor drame i engleskog jezika na univerzitetu Mekmaster i autor Bioskop Fransoa Trifoa; Istorija mora odgovoriti čoveku: Savremeni mađarski film; i Holivudske sudbine: Evropski režiseri u Americi, 1921- 1931.

- Guitar Player Vol 4, No 5. June 1970 GPI Publications, 1970 52 str. meki povez stanje: vrlo dobro Contents: Silvio Santisteban | Astrology and guitarists | Taj Mahal | Thumbs up | Ritchie Havens | Name of the game | Larry Coryell | Pro`s reply - Jose Feliciano Includes reviews of the following albums: Six String Poetry - Silvio Santisteban, Completely Well - B.B. King, McCartney - Paul McCartney, John B. Sebastian - John Sebastian, Buddy Fite - Buddy Fite, Greatest Hits - Wes Montgomery New product announcements for: the Strum and Drum CG104, Kustom No.6 amplifier, Giannini Craviola, Del Vecchio Dobro, Gretsch Sho Bro guitar, gretch Sho Bud pedal steel and Giannini steel string guitar range

30038) ČETVRTA DECENIJA ekspresionizam boje, kolorizam, poetski realizam, intimizam, koloristički realizam , grupa autora , Muzej savremene umetnosti, Beograd, jun-jul 1971 , edicija Jugoslovenska umetnost XX veka , srpsko slikarstvo u periodu 1930 - 1940 godine , sadržaj : Ekspresionizam boje, kolorizam, poetski realizam, intimizam, koloristički realizam - Miodrag B. Protić Koloristički ekspresionizam četvrte decenije - Ješa Denegri Težnja izvornosti u srpskom slikarstvu između dva rata - Aleksa Čelebonović Slikari čistog oka neke težnje u hrvatskom slikarstvu četvrtog desetleća - Igor Zildić Koloristički realizam u slovenačkom slikarstvu četvrte decenije - Špelca Čopič Katalog Reprodukcije Hronologija grupnih izložbi sa bibliografijom Literatura Biografije i literatura o umetnicima mek povez, ilustrovano, latinica, format 23,5 x 30 cm , 206 strana , NAPULKA PLASTIFIKACIJA POVEZA DUŽ IVICE RIKNE I NASLOVNE KORICE , potpis na predlistu

Dusko Goykovich - Jazz-Studio: Anleitung zur Improvisation: Trompete B. Schott`s Söhne, Mainz, 1968 30 str. meki povez stanje: dobro 27,5 x 19 cm Jazz ist Rhythmus und Improvisation. Diese Anleitung will den Weg weisen, wie sich jeder das Improvisieren aneignen kann. Von der einfachen Übung bis zum vollendeten Chorus sind alle Schwierigkeitsgrade berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus können zwei oder mehr Spieler verschiedener Instrumente sich durch gemeinsames Üben mit der Kollektiv-Improvisation vertraut machen. Für diesen Zweck weisen die Übungen gleicher Nummer bei allen Instrumenten dieselbe Harmoniefolge und dieselbe (klingende) Tonart auf. Der Erfolg wird sich einstellen, wenn die Besonderheiten des Rhythmus, die Regeln der Melodiebildung und die harmonischen Grundlagen des Jazz in den Schriften `geschichte und Rhythmus` und `Harmonielehre` aus der JAZZ-STUDIO-Reihe beachtet werden. - Die Melodiesammlung `Old Folks at Home` bietet zusätzlich für das Üben der Improvisation vierzig bekannte Songs und Spirituals. Duško Gojković, jazz, džez, truba

Justin Bieber Album Garrett Baldwin ILUSTROVANA u boji,ZAGREB,2010.god.,24.cm.,64.str Justin Bieber Album ---------------------------- JUSTIN BIEBER ALBUM MUZIKA Autor : Baldwin, Garrett Justin je iz slatkog dečka iz razreda prerastao u teen senzaciju u samo tri kratke godine. U dobi od 16 godina iza sebe ima dva hit-albuma, održava koncerte za najraznovrsniju publiku, a lista pjevača s kojima je surađivao svakim danom sve je dulja – Beyoncé, Usher, Celine Dion, Snoop Dog i Barbra Streisand samo su neki od njih. Zbog Justina je čak smišljena i nova riječ u urbanom rječniku – Bieberastično, zar ne? Justin Bieber album prati meteorski uspjeh prve svjetske internet superzvijezde, od prvih snimaka iz kućne radinosti objavljenih na YouTubeu, do nastupa koji su prizvali pažnju R&B legendi poput Ushera i Justina Timberlakea, koji su mu omogućili status megazvijezde i pop ikone novih generacija. Najpotpunija biografija do sada, bogata fotografijama, vodi vas u dubinu Justinova svijeta, donoseći najintimnije detalje prijateljstva s Usherom, objašnjavajući kako važnu ulogu za njega imaju fanovi, koji su mu planovi za budućnost, te kako se ovaj mladi umjetnik trudi ostati prirodan i vjeran sebi u svijetu blještavih svjetala, kamera – te naravno – obožavateljica. Želite li biti Justinova najdraža djevojka i najodaniji fan, ovo je priručnik bez kojeg ne možete, osnovno štivo za sve zahvaćene Bieber-groznicom! Ilustrado,2010 Garrett Baldwin (Author) Aged just 16, the buzz surrounding Justin Bieber`s name is electrifying. For anyone wishing to buy into the Bieber phenomenon, now`s the time. Think you know pop prince Justin Bieber? This irresistibly illustrated biography takes you closer than ever before, providing all the facts on the most adorable teen sensation around. Meet the boy behind the platinum-selling debut, `My World.` At sweet 16, Justin Bieber has already topped the charts, charmed Mr. and Mrs. Obama, and stolen the hearts of a generation. From the homemade music videos that caused a YouTube sensation to the performance that caught the eye of R&B royalty — with industry heavyweights Usher and Justin Timberlake battling to sign the promising young star — all the details of his remarkable rise to fame are here. Knjiga u PERFEKTNOM stanju M

Odlično stanje ima samo malu posvetu na prvoj praznoj strani Retko Ilustrovano МОЈА СЦЕНОГРАФИЈА ВЛАДИМИР МАРЕНИЋ НАРОДНО ПОЗОРИШТЕ У БЕОГРАДУ Б е о г р а д 1999 а) Маренић, Владимир (1921-) б) Позоришна сценографија ц) Позоришни уметници - У успоменама .......................................................... Предговор МИРОСЛАВ БЕЛОВИЋ Marenić je najviše i stvarao za Narodno pozorište (drame: Tetovirana ruža, Okamenjeno more, Majstor Hanuš, Namesnik, Don Žuan, Posle ljubavi, Podvala, Beket, Marin Držić, Oblomov, Pelinovo, Gorski vijenac, Per Gint, Braća Karamazovi, Ričard III, Makbet, Pokojnik, Ožalošćena porodica; opere: Mazepa, Simonida, Ivan Susanjin, Karmina Burana, Turandot, Toska, Boris Godunov, Rigoleto, Makbet, Moć sudbine, Don Karlos; baleti: Darinkin dar, Karmen...). Marenić se aktivno bavio i slikarstvom, zidnim slikarstvom, grafikom i drugim oblicima likovnog izražavanja, a izlagao je na više od 20 samostalnih i više od 150 grupnih izložbi u zemlji i inostranstvu. Rođen 31. avgusta 1921. u Čaglinu kod Slavonske Požege, u Beograd je došao dve godine kasnije i od tada ga nije napuštao. Tu je pohađao i Akademiju likovnih umetnosti. U Slikarnicu Narodnog pozorišta je stupio ratne 1942, a od 1946. je, s manjim prekidom (četiri godine je bio u Srpskom narodnom pozorištu i u isto vreme predavao u Školi primenjenih umetnosti u Novom Sadu), sve do penzije 1985. godine, bio scenograf nacionalnog teatra. Iza Marenića ostala je zavidna bibliogafija tekstova, studija i knjiga o njemu, kao i njegovih autorskih pisanih radova različitih žanrova (eseji, kritike, sećanja, autobiografske beleške...) Marenić je bio nosilac zvanja Istaknuti umetnik Srbije od 1985. godine. Dobitnik je velikog broja nagrada i priznanja, među kojima su Sterijina nagrada za kostimografiju (1957, 1976), godišnje nagrade ULUPUS-a (1965, 1969, 1982), nagrada Oktobarskog salona (1966, 1975), nagrade Narodnog pozorišta (1969, 1973), ULUPUS-ova nagrada za najbolju scenografiju na Sterijinom pozorju (1974), Zlatna plaketa i Diploma na IV međunarodnom trijenalu scenografije (1975), Velika nagrada Majskog salona Beograda (1981), Plaketa Narodnog pozorišta (1985), Oktobarska nagrada Beograda (1982), Nagrada za životno delo ULUPUS-a (1987), Orden zasluga za narod sa srebrnom zvezdom (1973), Zlatna plaketa “Milenko Šerban” na međunarodnom trijenalu pozorišne scenografije i kostimografije (1995)... Avangarda ekspresionizam pozoriste Dizajn pozorisne scene scena likovna umetnost u pozoristu mandeljstam avangardno pozoriste

Ovaj modul je namenjen za projekte gde se trebaju povezati serijski protokol sa WiFi mogućnostima, uz podršku jedno 32 bitnog MCU-a. Podržava Wifi b g i n protokole. Tehničke karakteristike: Built-in Tensilica L106 ultra low power 32-bit micrMCU, with 16-bit streamlined mode, clocked at 80 MHz and 160MHz, support RTOS WIFI @ 2.4 GHz, support WPA / WPA2 security mode Built-in 10 bit high precision ADC Built-in TCP / IP protocol stack Built-in TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network Built-in PLL, regulator and power management components 802.11b mode + 20 dBm output power Supports antenna diversity The deep sleep hold current is 20uA and the shutdown current is less than 5uA can be doubled as application processor SDI2.0, SPI, UART STBC, 1x1 MIMO, 2x1 MIMA-MPDU, A-MSDU aggregation and 0.4 s protection interval Within 2ms wake up, connect and pass the packet standby power consumption less than 1.0mW (DTIM3) support AT remote upgrade and cloud OTA upgrade Supports STA / AP / STA + AP operation mode Šifra: B1120

Pogodan za utiicnice i dozne , radi na naizmenicnu struju , pogodan na prekidace sa dva prekida , obicne prekidace , i još mnoge , staje u standardnu doznu , ima opciju tajmera 24h Podržane aplikacije smartlife i tuya Opis: 1. Kontrola mobilne aplikacije Kontrolišite prekidač, vreme, odbrojavanje i druge funkcije uređaja preko mobilnog telefona. 2. Upravljanje glasom. Podržite glasovne asistente kao što su Tmall Vizard, Aleka, GoolHome, itd. , za realizaciju funkcija kao što su prekidači; 3. Daljinski upravljač. Može da realizuje daljinsko upravljanje svetlom putem mobilnog telefona, bez obzira gde se nalazite na zemlji, sve dok se vaš mobilni telefon može povezati na mrežu, možete ga kontrolisati; 4. Tehnologija umrežavanja. Jedan mobilni telefon može da kontroliše više prekidača, a jedan prekidač može da kontroliše više mobilnih telefona u isto vreme; 5. Grupna kontrola. Svetla se mogu grupisati da bi se postigla jedinstvena kontrola (istovremeno prebacivanje, vreme itd. ); 6. Internet svega. Preko podešavanja, može se povezati sa drugim inteligentnim scenama kako bi život bio pametniji; 7. Deljenje i bezbednost. Glavni nalog se može deliti sa drugim članovima porodice, a funkcije i podešavanja se u potpunosti zadržavaju i kopiraju; bezbednost: kada se lampa doda na glavni nalog, lampa će biti i drugi korisnici više neće moći da pronađu i dodaju; mora se aktivno deliti pre nego što drugi mogu da ga koriste. Povezuje se aplikacijom Smart Life ili Tuya Smart. Lako se povezuje unutrar postojeceg prekidača. Voltaza: 100-240V 50/60Hz Max. opterecenje: 16A WiFi Standard: 2.4GHz 802.11 b/g/n Dimenzije: 42*42*20mm u Paket je uključen: 1 mini modul pametnog prekidača, 1 priručnik

Pogodan za utiicnice i dozne , radi na naizmenicnu struju , pogodan na prekidace sa dva prekida , obicne prekidace , i još mnoge , staje u standardnu doznu , ima opciju tajmera 24h Podržane aplikacije smartlife i tuya Opis: 1. Kontrola mobilne aplikacije Kontrolišite prekidač, vreme, odbrojavanje i druge funkcije uređaja preko mobilnog telefona. 2. Upravljanje glasom. Podržite glasovne asistente kao što su Tmall Vizard, Aleka, GoolHome, itd. , za realizaciju funkcija kao što su prekidači; 3. Daljinski upravljač. Može da realizuje daljinsko upravljanje svetlom putem mobilnog telefona, bez obzira gde se nalazite na zemlji, sve dok se vaš mobilni telefon može povezati na mrežu, možete ga kontrolisati; 4. Tehnologija umrežavanja. Jedan mobilni telefon može da kontroliše više prekidača, a jedan prekidač može da kontroliše više mobilnih telefona u isto vreme; 5. Grupna kontrola. Svetla se mogu grupisati da bi se postigla jedinstvena kontrola (istovremeno prebacivanje, vreme itd. ); 6. Internet svega. Preko podešavanja, može se povezati sa drugim inteligentnim scenama kako bi život bio pametniji; 7. Deljenje i bezbednost. Glavni nalog se može deliti sa drugim članovima porodice, a funkcije i podešavanja se u potpunosti zadržavaju i kopiraju; bezbednost: kada se lampa doda na glavni nalog, lampa će biti i drugi korisnici više neće moći da pronađu i dodaju; mora se aktivno deliti pre nego što drugi mogu da ga koriste. Povezuje se aplikacijom Smart Life ili Tuya Smart. Lako se povezuje unutrar postojeceg prekidača. Voltaza: 100-240V 50/60Hz Max. opterecenje: 16A WiFi Standard: 2.4GHz 802.11 b/g/n Dimenzije: 41*41*20mm u Paket je uključen: 1 mini modul pametnog prekidača, 1 priručnik

Spoljašnjost kao na fotografijama, unutrašnjost u dobrom i urednom stanju! Ivo Lotka-Kalinski (Zagreb, 1913 — 1987), kompozitor, muzički pedagog i pevač. Komponovao opere Matija Gubec, Pomeš, tri opere prema Nušićevim komedijama: Analfabeta, Dugme, Vlast, kantate, horove, i dr. Njegov otac bio je Fran Lotka. Lhotka-Kalinski [lo`tka ~], Ivo, hrvatski skladatelj i pjevački pedagog (Zagreb, 30. VII. 1913 – Zagreb, 29. I. 1987). Sin skladatelja Frana Lhotke. Studij pjevanja i kompozicije završio na Muzičkoj akademiji u Zagrebu 1937. Godine 1938–39. usavršavao se u Rimu (I. Pizzetti). Isprva srednjoškolski nastavnik u Zagrebu i Splitu, potom u razdoblju 1951–81. profesor pjevanja na Muzičkoj akademiji u Zagrebu. Kao skladatelj isprva se nije stilski određivao, ali je poslije primjenjivao neonacionalne elemente te povremeno i avangardne postupke poput serijalnosti. Najuspjelija djela Lh.-K. skladao je za glazbenu scenu, očitujući jasnu usmjerenost na programnost, satiru i burlesku. Autor je opere Pomet, meštar od ženidbe (1944) na Držićev tekst i glazbene drame Matija Gubec (1947), te četiriju komičnih opera na tekstove srpskog komediografa B. Nušića: radijske opere Analfabeta (1954), prve hrvatske televizijske opere Putovanje (1956), glazbene groteske Dugme (1957) i Vlast (1958). Na području vokalne lirike ističu se tri ciklusa solo pjesama: Tri pjesme Mate Balote (1949), Traženja (1963) na Ujevićeve stihove te Balade Petrice Kerempuha (1964). Krležom se nadahnuo i u orkestralnoj suiti Komendrijaši (1952) i kantati Kerempuhova pesem (1958). Kantata Hrvatska kronika (1952) niz je stavaka na tekst Ljetopisa popa Dukljanina iz XII. stoljeća. Pisao je i glazbu za balete (Legenda o pjesmi, 1955), komorni orkestar (Plesna sinfonietta, 1953), glasovir, za dokumentarne i crtane filmove i dr. Objavio je i dva udžbenika pjevanja (Tehnika pjevanja, 1940; Umjetnost pjevanja, 1953).

Spoljašnjost kao na fotografijama, unutrašnjost u dobrom i urednom stanju! Theodor Pallady (rumunjski izgovor: [teˈodor paˈladi]; 11. travnja 1871. – 16. kolovoza 1956.) bio je rumunjski slikar. Biografija Theodor Pallady bio je sin Ioana Palladyja i Marije Cantacuzino, starije sestre rumunjskog diplomata Neculaija B. Cantacuzina. Rođen je u Iașiju, u Rumunjskoj, 14. travnja 1878., a djetinjstvo je proveo u Perieniju iu Iașiju.[1] U mladosti ga je obitelj poslala u Dresden, gdje je studirao inženjerstvo na Tehničkom sveučilištu u Dresdenu između 1887. i 1889. U isto vrijeme studirao je umjetnost kod Erwina Oehmea, koji mu je, prepoznavši njegovu umjetničku intuiciju, predložio da ode u Pariz.[2] U Parizu je Pallady radio u studiju Edmonda Aman-Jeana i upisao Akademiju likovnih umjetnosti (Académie des Beaux-Arts). Godine 1892. pridružio se studiju Gustavea Moreaua gdje je radio zajedno sa slikarima kao što su Henri Matisse, s kojim je razvio blisko prijateljstvo, Georges Rouault i Albert Marquet.[3] Godine 1900. predstavio je svoje djelo `The Prodigal Son` na Exposition Universelle, koje mu je priskrbilo visoke pohvale.[2] Godine 1906. oženio je Jeanne Ghika-Brigadier.[4] Otvorio je studio u Parizu na Place Dauphine, gdje je radio do 1940., često putujući između Francuske i Rumunjske.[2] Godine 1904. Pallady se vratio u Rumunjsku, gdje je održao izložbu u Rumunjskom Athenaeumu. Međutim, održavao je bliske veze s Parizom, gdje je nastavio održavati mnoge osobne izložbe, sve do Drugog svjetskog rata.[5] Pallady nikada nije izgubio kontakt s Rumunjskom i imao je prijatelje iz zajednice rumunjskih umjetnika i intelektualaca koji su živjeli u Parizu, uključujući Benjamina Fondanea, Georgea Enescua, Constantina Brâncușija, Camila Ressua, Nicolaea Dărăscua, Panaita Istratija, Traiana Vuia, Eugènea Ionesca, Emila Ciorana, i Paul Celan. Theodor Pallady kupio je Brâncușijevu skulpturu Prvi poljubac, ovo djelo je mali poljubac (7,8` × 1,18` × 1,57`) od ružičastog mramora i prvo djelo moderne umjetnosti. Ova skulptura datira iz 1905. i donijela ju je sa sobom u Rumunjsku. Izlagao je i na Venecijanskom bijenalu 1924., 1940. i 1942. godine. Grob Theodora Palladyja na groblju Bellu (desno) Godine 1940. preselio se u Bukurešt.[1] Umro je u Bukureštu 16. kolovoza 1956., a pokopan je na groblju Bellu.

LORA MALVI VIZUELNA I DRUGA ZADOVOLJSTVA Pogovor - Nevena Daković Pogovor - Dijana Metlić Pogovor - Vesna Dinić Miljković Prevod - Aleksandra Kostić Izdavač - Filmski centar Srbije, Beograd Godina - 2017 234 strana 24 cm Edicija - Biblioteka Umetnost ekrana ISBN - 978-86-7227-096-9 Povez - Broširan Stanje - Kao na slici, tekst bez podvlačenja SADRŽAJ: Uvod u prvo izdanje UVOD U DRUGO IZDANJE I Vizuelno zadovoljstvo i narativni film: poreklo i konteksti Filmofilija i frankofilija Tada, feminizam i psihoanalitička teorija Kasnije - avangarda II Druga zadovoljstva: naznake, zagonetke, enigme III Godina 2008. DEO I - IKONOKLAZAM 1 Spektakl je ranjiv: Mis sveta 1970. godine 2 Strahovi, fantazije i muško nesvesno ili „Vi ne shvatate šta se događa, zar ne, gospodine?` Jezik straha od kastracije Kolekcija znakova jednog fetišiste 3 Vizuelno zadovoljstvo i narativni film I Uvod a) Politička upotreba psihoanalize b) Razaranje zadovoljstva kao radikalno oružje II Zadovoljstvo u gledanju - fasciniranost ljudskim obličjem III Žena kao slika, muškarac kao nosilac pogleda IV Sažetak Deo II - Melodrama 4 Naknadne misli o „Vizuelnom zadovoljstvu i narativnom filmu`, inspirisane filmom Dvoboj na suncu (1946) Kinga Vidora Frojd i žensko Narativna gramatika i identifikacija sa drugim polom Vestern i edipalne personifikacije Žena kao označilac seksualnosti 5 Beleške o Sirku i melodrami 6 Fasbinder i Sirk 7 Slike žena, slike seksualnosti: neki filmovi Ž.L. Godara 8 Melodrama u domu i van njega Ekonomija Mitologije Estetika DEO III - NA MARGINAMA 9 Frida Kalo i Tina Modoti Meksička renesansa Žene, umetnost i politika Revolucija i renesansa Unutrašnjost i spoljašnjost Koreni i pokreti I: Frida Kalo Koreni i pokreti II: Tina Modoti Diskurs tela DEO IV - AVANGARDA 10 Film, feminizam i avangarda Istraživanje prošlosti Napad na seksizam Prvi feministički filmovi Sažetak Potraga za teorijom Potraga za praksom 11 Dijalog sa gledaocima Barbara Kruger i Viktor Burgin 12 „Veličanstvena opsesija`: Uvod u rad pet fotografa 13 Preteće vreme: Corpus Meri Keli DEO V - GRANICE 14 Promene: Misli o mitu, narativu i istorijskom iskustvu Završeci Od parabola do narativa Polarizacije I: binarni obrasci i dekonstrukcija Polarizacije II: konceptualna topologija Polarizacije III: negativna estetika Negacija i polna razlika: žena je „ne-čovek/muškarac“ Društveno ugnjetavanje i mit „drugosti` Transgresija i zakon Narativ i promena I: poredak i nered Narativ i promena II: graničnost Narativ i promena III: festivali ugnjetenih Kolektivna fantazija: politika nesvesnog 15 A. Mit o Edipu: S one strane Sfinginih zagonetki Edip: osnovna priča 1. Proairetički kod 2. Hermeneutički kod B. Ispod površine: vreme i prostor C. S one strane priče u jezgru 1. Završetak: očevo zaveštanje 2. Početak: sinovljevo nasleđe D. Lajevo zaveštanje DEO VI - RAZMIŠLJANJA, I NAKNADNA RAZMIŠLJANJA 16 Razmišljanja o mladoj modernoj ženi dvadesetih godina i feminističkoj filmskoj teoriji Indeks imena NEVENA DAKOVIĆ - Lora Malvi ili neka naknadna razmišljanja o uživanju i tumačenju Feministička teorija filma - između psihoanalize i identiteta Melodrama, spektakl i suze ostvarene želje Kontra pogled smrti Literatura DIJANA METLIĆ - Feminističke teorije i prakse Lore Malvibes VESNA DINIĆ MILJKOVIĆ - Žena/slika ili Površinski ponori Žan-Lik Godara `Jednu od velikih knjiga teorije filma dobijamo sada u prevodu Aleksandre Kostić prvi put na srpskom jeziku. Ova knjiga je još od kada se pojavila 1989. godine postala nezaobilazna, i s pravom nosi epitet jedne od najboljih teorijskih knjiga iz pera jedne autorke. Eruditska, multidisciplinarna, lucidna, knjiga Lore Malvi je istovremeno, dragoceni udžbenik za studente filmskih škola, jedinstvena u jeziku i stilu, „Vizuelna i druga zadovoljstva“ su knjiga koja je u isto vreme polemična, borbena, beskomporimisna.. Bilo da piše o slikarstvu Fride Kalo, filozofskoj teoriji Luja Altisera, fotografiji Tine Modoti, stvaralšatvu Godara i Daglasa Sirka, Lora Malvi čini to znalački, funkcionalno i iznenađujuće jasno. U pokušaju da ova jedinstvena knjiga ima svoj konceptni adekvat u sadržaju, dragocen je doprinos njenih recenzentkinja, prof. dr Nevene Daković, prof doc Dijane Metlić i prof doc Vesne Dinić Miljković koje srpskom čitaocu na dragocen način približavaju teorijsku misao Lore Malvi.` Ako Vas nešto zanima, slobodno pošaljite poruku. Laura Mulvey Visual And Other Pleasures Šantal Akerman Chantal Luj Altiser Louis Althusser Rolan Bart Roland Barthes Valter Benjamin Walter Viktor Burgin Victor Klara Bou Clara Bow Bertolt Breht Brecht Andre Breton Piter Bruks Peter Brooks Tereza De Laurentis Teresa Maja Deren Maya Alen Džons Allen Jones Kler Džonston Claire Johnston Sergej Mihailovič Ejzenštajn Tomas Elseser Thomas Elsaesser Rajner Verner Fasbinder Rainer Werner Fassbinder Šošana Felman Shoshana Sigmun Frojd Freud Žan Lik Godar Džon Halidej Jon Halliday Mirijam Hansen Miriam Hansen Alfred Hičkok Hitchock Bob Houp Hope Frida Kalo Kahlo Meri Keli Mary Kelly Karen Knor Knorr Džoan Kraford Joan Crawford Julija Kristeva Julia Barbara Kruger Pem Kuk Cook Žak Lakan Jacques Lacan Klod Levi Stros Claude Strauss Mark Luis Lewis Džef Majls Jeff Miles Karl Marks Marx Džulijet Mičel Juliet Mitchell An Mari Mijevij Anne Marie Mieville Tina Modoti Modotti Kolin Mur Colin Moore Vladimir Prop Ivon Rejner Yvonne Riner Oliver Rišon Olivier Richon Dijego Rivera Diego David Alfaro Sikeiros Daglas Sirk Douglas Sofokle Sophocles Džozef Fon Šternberg Josef Von Sternberg Mitra Tabricijan Tabrizian Terens Tarner Terence Turner Lav Davidovič Trocki Viktor Tarner Victor Turner Edvard Veston Edward Weston King Vidor Piter Volen Peter Wollen

MILIJA BELIĆ SPIRITUS MUNDI Izdavač - Red Box, Beograd Godina - 2011 222 strana 21 cm ISBN - 978-86-86599-18-6 Povez - Broširan Stanje - Kao na slici, tekst bez podvlačenja SADRŽAJ: Integralna slika Muzika i slikarstvo Civilizacija slike Između Pariza i Lazarevca Duh Pariza Umetnost i stvarnost Poniranje u tajne Lazarevački razgovori Nebeske priče Gimnazijski dijalozi Duboka ležernost Slikarski ritam Civilizacijski kod Umetnost i moda Nestrpljivi snovi Misija umetnosti Multimedijalna umetnost Mit o Amfionu Paradigma Duh epohe Krila i koreni Kultura sećanja Cyberespace `Milija Belić je slikar, ali i teoretičar. Autor je nesvakidašnjih sjajnih knjiga: `Meta Art“, `Nebeske priče“, `Apologija ritma`, monografske studije o Petru Omčikusu i nedavno objavljene knjige zapisa `Slika i svet`. Kao malo likovnih pisaca Belić je sa toliko dometa uspeo da usliši Ćelićev Dramatični vapaj, u vreme izlaženja jedinog časopisa `Umetnost`, da se „teorijom u nas gotovo niko ne bavi`. Preko sorbonskih studija, do knjige `Spiritus mundi`, napisao je dela čiji je zajednički imenitelj upitanost pred fenomenom slike i slikarstva uopšte, želja da se pronikne u samu suštinu slikarskog umeća, odredi mesto umetnosti i umetnika u današnjem svetu, u tajanstvu između praumetnosti I postmoderne, I nagovesti mogući izlaz iz haotičnog stanja u kome se aktuelna umetnost, ili pak ono što se umetnošću smatra i naziva, nalazi. (Nedeljko B. Mirković) Milija Belić je izuzetna ličnost naše savremene umetnosti, i ne samo umetnosti. Belić je i teoretičar umetnosti i estetičar. Kao umetnik autentičan i svoj, blizak je geometrijskoj apstrakciji analitičke koncepcije, naglašenog savremenog senzibiliteta i smele inventivnosti. Jaka sprega slikarstva, matematike i muzike, originalni je nastavak traženja suštine putem kojim su krenuli Mondrijan, Maljevič i Kandinski. (Katarina Ambrozić) Milija Belić provocira stvarnost: zaustavlja se u trenutku najveće nedoumice i ostavlja nam, bez straha, intenzitet jednog nemira. Milija Belić priziva izabrani deo stvarnosti i odbija sfingi pravo na jedno jedino pitanje. Pokret mu izmiče, teža je sećanje na jednu drugu Zemlju, dimenzije više nema, ista mesta su posvuda, prostor se rađa iz ravni, on je sa Ešerom hteo da ukrade ljudski deo beskonačnosti: pozdravljamo ga buđenjem maski i ogledala. (Robert Liris) Milija Belić je već odavno veliko ime u svetu umetnosti. (Ivana Tomanović) Blizak je Ešeru, češće Vazareliju. Njegova uklapanja praznih kocki gotovo da su nemoguća. ((L Delarž (Le Delarge), Rečnik moderne i savremene umetnosti) Transparentni i nestabilni, eterični predmeti daju njegovim slikama i grafikama jednu vanvremensku dimenziju. (Srpska enciklopedija (V. Kruljac)) Belić je intelektualac, a zadržao je toplinu. (Petar Omčikus)` Ako Vas nešto zanima, slobodno pošaljite poruku.

Miloš Bajić paralelni tokovi Str 71 Povez tvrd Stanje knjige dobro OSTALE MOJE AUKCIJE MOŽETE POGLEDATI PREKO LINKA http://www.kupindo.com/pretraga.php?Prodavac=rere&Grupa=1 Kupovinom više knjiga značajno štedite na poštarini. O knjizi Rođen u Resanovcima, kod Bosanskog Grahova, Miloš Bajić je skoro ceo svoj život proveo u Beogradu. Tu je završio osnovnu školu, gimnaziju, Učiteljsku školu. Bio je u Umetničkoj školi, u klasi Bete Vukanović, i na Akademiji za likovnu umetnost, u kojoj je potom punih trideset godina kao profesor likovno vaspitavao mlade generacije. U Bajićevom stvaralaštvu postoje nekoliki značajni prelomni trenuci. Na Bajića je veliki utisak ostavio boravak u Parizu 1951. godine. Po povratku iz Pariza otvara svoju prvu samostalnu izložbu u ULUS-ovoj galeriji na Terazijama. Na uzložbi je bilo raznih tema i tehnika/uglavnomm tempera, omiljena Bajićeva tehnika/. Nejedinstvena po svojoj izražajnosti ova dela, plod razbarušene darovitosti, vukla su ka ekspresivnoj figuraciji koju Bajić nikad neće napustiti. Eksperimentator i istraživač, Bajić se nije zadovoljavao laganim i sporim uzlaznim putem: njegova linija je i obla i oštra, opisna i arabeskna, lirsko lepršava i izlomljena, njegova figura je realistična i deformisana, prepoznatljiva i skoro pretvorena u fleku. Takva će ona, smenjujući se u slikama i crtežima, biti karakteristika celokupnog Bajićevog stvaralaštva. Posle boravka u Kotoru 1954. Bajić pravi svoju prvu apstraktnu sliku Kotor I. Ova slika spada u jednu od prvih slika u kojima je bilo vidljivo da Bajić menja svoj odnos prema prirodi tražeći podatke na granici realnog. Dosegnuta apstraktnost u slikama Kotor I, Kotor II, i Na Novu Godinu 1956, povodom kojih je Miodrag B. Protić zabeležio da je Bajić prvi naš apstraktni slikar, Bajića nije vodila pravolinijskim putem. Bajić nije postao apstraktni slikar samo kao što nije ostao figurativac kada je iz apstrakcije izlazio. Voleo je da bude na stalnoj granici figurativnog i apstraktnog, da se igra sa prelazima iz jedne u drugu sferu, da prkosi postavljenim i zadatim postulatima. Radoznao i buntovan, igrač i ozbiljni posmatrač Bajić je znao da se svojom slikom vine u prostranstva neba /Spomenici i zidne kompozicije, Kosmičke simfonije, Kosmos, varijanta I i II, 1966 itd/ i spusti u dubine mora, da razgrne površinu i prodre u suštinu materije i prostora/Unutrašnja struktura I i II, 1962, Materija i kretanje, 1962/, da dodirne raj i da se spusti u dno pakla/teme iz logora/. Životne nedaće nisu ga mogle uništiti. Crtežom se, nekad, branio od zla kada je đoživljeno crtano, crtežom se igrao kada je strah od života prestao. Crterž je, u Bajićevom opusu, ostao uvek važan i onda kada je bio proizvod impulsa ljudske duše i onda kada je konkretno nešto kazivao.

SVETOVI UMETNOSTI - razgovori sa slikarima i vajarima Priredio - Miloš Jevtić Izdavač - Službeni glasnik, Beograd Godina - 2012 1046 strana 22 cm Edicija - Izabrani radovi Miloša Jevtića; Biblioteka Svedoci epohe ISBN - 978-86-519-1001-5 Povez - Broširan Stanje - Kao na slici, tekst bez podvlačenja SADRŽAJ: Ljuba Popović Mića Popović Nedeljko Gvozdenović Risto Stijović Marko Čelebonović Milan Konjović Mihailo S Petrov Ljubica Sokić Stojan Đelić Zoran Pavlović Boško Karanović Miodrag B. Protić Milivoj Nikolajević Oto Jovan Logo Momčilo Krković Milić od Mačve Vera Božičković-Popović Olga Jevrić Nandor Glid Cvetko Lainović Indeks imena `Kad je davne 1974. godine novinar Radio Beograda Miloš Jevtić predložio da redovno priprema i nedeljom u etar pušta jednočasovnu emisiju razgovora sa istaknutim umetnicima i naučnicima iz cele Jugoslavije, sigurno nije mogao ni pretpostaviti kakva je neslućena sudbina namenjena tom njegovom originalnom naumu. Tokom bezmalo tri decenije, u više od hiljadu i po emisija, o životu, radu i pogledima na svet govorilo je preko osam stotina poslenika različitih struka i usmerenja, savremenika za koje je Miloš Jevtić smatrao da imaju šta da kažu i da to što njemu kazuju zavređuje pažnju najšire javnosti. Tomovi Glasnikovog izdanja Izabrani razgovori uređeni su prema oblastima delovanja Jevtićevih gostiju i prirodi njihovih svedočenja, i obuhvataju: nauku o jeziku (Čudo jezika), sasvim uslovno rečeno, filozofiju (Podneblje duha), nauku o književnosti (Tačke oslonca), istoriju i teoriju umetnosti, s arheologijom (Čuvari tradicije), poeziju (Pečat vremena), proznu književnost (Radost čitanja), likovne umetnosti (Svetovi umetnosti), pozorište i teatrologiju (Život scene), muziku i muzikologiju (Lepota zvuka), medicinu, prirodne i tehničke nauke (Pouzdanost nauke) i arhitekturu i urbanizam (Snaga graditeljstva), dok je predviđeno da poslednji, dvanaesti tom, naslovljen Preplitanja, sadrži petnaestak razgovora sa stvaraocima različitih profila iz drugih republika bivše Jugoslavije.` Ako Vas nešto zanima, slobodno pošaljite poruku. Aleksandar Karađorđević Katarina Ambrozić Mileta Andrejević Ivo Andrić Miloš Bajić Onore De Balzak Johan Sebastijan Bah Semjuel Beket Jovan Bijelić Vera Božičković Popović Kosa Bokšan Hijeronimus Boš Sreto Bošnjak Josip Broz Tito Piter Brojgel Emil Antoan Burdel Vinsent Van Gog Pavle Vasić Vladimir Veličković Dušan Vlajić Laza Vozarević Sinoša Vuković Nedeljko Gvozdenović Bora Grujić Oskar Davičo Petar Dobrović Lojze Dolinar Dado Đurić Ljuba Ivanović Olja Ivanjicki Isus Hrist Olga Jevrić Đorđe Jovanović Ljubinka Jovanović Aleksandar Jolas Mladen Josić Vida Jocić Mira Jurišić Đorđe Kadijević Dragoljub Kažić Vasilij Kandinski Karađorđe Petrović Vuk Stefanović Karadžić Miodrag Kolarić Raodmir Konstantinović Milan Konjović Jovan Kratohvil Leonardo Da Vinči Petar Lubarda Svetolik Lukić Anri Matis Ivan Meštrović Radovan Milić Peđa Milosavljević Milo Milunović Bata Mihailović Borislav Mihajlović Mihiz Volfgang Amadeus Mocart Henri Mur Petar Omčikus Miodrag Pavlović Petar Pavličanin Dragiša Penjin Zora Petrović Moša Pijade Pablo Pikaso Vasko Popa Ljuba Popović Branko Protić Svetozar Radojčić Aleksandar Ranković Rembrant Jurica Ribar Toma Rosandić Pol Sezan Isidora Sekulić Mladen Srbinović Rade Stanković Momčilo Stevanović Sreten Stojanović Bora Stojković Dragoslav Stojanović Sip Živorad Stojković Ivan Tabaković Marino Tartalja Vladislav Šilja Todorović Lav Nikolajevič Tolstoj Uroš Tošković Lazar Trifunović Živojin Turinski Dobrica Ćosić Kosta Hakman Krsto Hegedušić Adolf Hitler Aleksa Čelebonović Marko Leonid Šejka Bogdan Šuput

Spoljašnjost kao na fotografijama, unutrašnjost u dobrom i urednom stanju! NOLIT, Beograd 1970. godine na 328. strana, u tvrdom povezu sa zastitnim omotom. - Edip - Berenika - Tristan i Izolda - Hamlet - Aveti - Visnjik - Sest lica traze pisca - Paklena Masina - Noje - Ubistvo u katedrali Frensis Ferguson (21. februar 1904, Albukerki, Novi Meksiko, † 19. decembar 1986, Prinston (Nju Džersi)[1]) je bio uticajni američki književni kritičar, teoretičar drame i mitova i univerzitetski profesor. Fergusonov otac Harvi Batler Ferguson (1848-1915) bio je profesor klasičnih studija iz Alabame. Kasnije je postao advokat, partner u rudniku srebra u Novom Meksiku i kongresmen. Fransisova majka, Klara Marija Huning (amerikanizovano: Huning), ćerka vestfalskih imigranata u Novi Meksiko, jedno vreme je odrasla u Nemačkoj pre nego što se vratila u Novi Meksiko. Nakon što otac nije ponovo izabran, obesio se 1915. godine, što je Francisa gurnulo u duboku psihičku krizu koja je trajala godinama. Četiri godine je gladovao, što je rezultiralo iskrivljenjem kičme zbog neuhranjenosti.[2] Frensis Ferguson je prvo studirao biologiju i filozofiju na Univerzitetu Harvard i kratko na Oksfordu. Kao student sprijateljio se sa J. Robertom Openheimerom. U Parizu je upoznao uticajnu Silviju Bič u knjižari Šekspir i kompanija. Po povratku u Njujork, uzeo je časove glume kod Ričarda Boleslavskog i pisao pozorišne kritike za Herald Tribune. Tridesetih godina prošlog veka osnovao je pozorišni odsek na Benington koledžu u Vermontu, gde je režirao najmanje dve predstave godišnje. Nakon što je tamo radio skoro deset godina, otišao je na Univerzitet Indijana, a kasnije na Univerzitet Rutgers, gde je predavao komparativnu književnost. Među njegovim učenicima bili su pesnik Robert Pinski[3] i američki pisac Alan Čez (1940-2015). Godine 1969. izabran je za člana Američke akademije nauka i umetnosti. Nakon smrti mlade supruge 1959. godine, sa kojom je imao dvoje dece, ponovo se oženio. Spisi Fergusonova ideja o pozorištu (1949) je verovatno najuticajnija i najkorišćenija knjiga o pozorištu koju je ikada napisao Amerikanac.[4] Kritičar Alen Tejt uporedio je njegovo glavno delo sa mimezisom Eriha Auerbaha.[5] Teoretski, Ferguson se povezuje sa teorijom mitova Džejmsa Džordža Frejzera, koji je poreklo tragedije video u ritualu žrtvovanja (takozvana tragedija kralja mora da umre, koju je Ferguson, međutim, više posmatrao kao duhovnu žrtvu u korist žrtve). ljudi nego kao fizička žrtva). Teorije tragedije Aristotela, Ničea, Keneta Burka i Žaka Maritena takođe su mu dale dalju inspiraciju. Standardno delo je i Fergusonovo izdanje Poetike Aristotela (1961) sa komentarima, koje je on uveo. U Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet on izoluje teme i motive u Šekspirovim dramama kao npr. B. monarh kao zemaljsko oličenje Boga, romantična ljubav sa svojom smrtonosnom i životvornom magijskom moći ili par suprotnosti odanosti i izdaje. Njegovi komentari o Danteovoj Božanstvenoj komediji u Danteovoj Drami uma: Moderno otkrivanje Čistilišta pokazuju kroz brojne unakrsne veze sa modernom poezijom, estetikom i psihologijom aktuelnost Danteove poetike, kao i njegovu dramsku snagu i koherentnost dela u koje poredi sa Šekspirom, T.S. Eliotom, Ezrom Paundom i drugima. Fergusonove knjige se lako čitaju; uvek su usmereni na laike.

Lepo očuvano 1966. Autor/in: Hans Kayser Titel: Die Ägyptischen Altertümer im Roemer-Pelizaeus-Museum in Hildesheim Zustand: leichte Gebrauchsspuren Verlag: Cramm de Gruyter & Co. Hamburg Format: 22 x 19 x 2 cm Umetnost starog Egipta se odnosi na arhitektonske građevine, slike, vajarska i dela primenjenih umetnosti starog Egipta, počev od praistorije pa sve do rimskog osvajanja Egipta 30. godine p. n. e. Istorija Egipta je najduža od svih starih civilizacija koje su se razvijale na Sredozemlju i prostire se u vremenu od oko 3000. godine p. n. e. pa sve do 4. veka n. e. U ovoj zemlji koja se razvijala na obalama reke Nil i koja je bila zatvorena za spoljašnje kulturne uticaje, razvio se jedan umetnički stil koji je jedva doživeo promjene u svojoj trihiljadugodišnjoj istoriji.[1] Sve umetničke manifestacije starog Egipta bile su podređene državi, religiji i faraonu koji je smatran bogom na Zemlji. Od samih početaka verovanje u zagrobni život je diktiralo normu po kojoj se pokojnik sahranjivao zajedno sa svojim bogatstvom, kako bi se osigurao njegov put do večnosti. Regularnost prirodnih ciklusa, bujanje i izlevanje reke Nil, promene godišnjih doba i smenjivanje dana i noći smatrani su poklonima bogova stanovnicima Egipta. Egipatska misao, moral i kultura, bile su u uskoj vezi sa dubokim poštovanjem za red i ravnotežu. Umetnost je stvarana sa idejom da bude korisna i nije se govorilo o lepoti umetničkih dela nego o njihovoj efikasnosti. Promene i novost nikada nisu smatrane kao nešto važno samo za sebe, tako da su stil i konvencionalizmi predstavljanja uspostavljeni u prvom momentu, praktično bez promena ostali da važe skoro 3000 godina. Iz našeg savremenog ugla egipatski umetnički jezik može izgledati statično i rigidno, međutim njegova suštinska namena nije bila stvaranje jedne stvarne slike stvari, onako kako su one javljale, nego jedna sinteza za večnost suštine osobe, životinje ili drugih predmeta koji se mogu sresti u egipatskoj umetnosti.[1] Arhajski ili predinastički period[uredi | uredi izvor] Prvi praistorijski naseljenici su se naselili na terasama formiranim od sedimenata koje je reka Nil depozitovala na obale kroz svoj tok. Oruđa i alati koje su ostavili za sobom, pokazuju postepenu evoluciju od društva polunomadskih lovaca i sakupljača do društva koje se bazira na poljoprivredi. Predinastički ili arhajski period približno obuhvata vreme od 3200 do 2755. godine p. n. e. Pronađena su organizovana naselja iz ovog perioda kao i različita oruđa i predmeti, posebno oni povezani sa sahranjivanjem. Ti predmeti su stavljani u grobove zajedno sa pokojnikom kako bi njegov duh mogao da ih koristi u drugom životu. Zahvaljujući tome, sačuvan je veliki broj ličnih i keramičkih predmeta kao i drugih oruđa i oružja. Keramika je dekorisana slikama na kojima je prikazivan život i običaji epohe. Među čestim motivima sreću se slike ptica i životinja karakteristične za zone bliske reci Nil. Krajem predinastičkog perioda čest motiv je vrlo detaljan prikaz brodića i veslara na reci Nil. Bakar, u malim količinama, korišćen je za izradu ogrlica i nekih alata, međutim veći deo delova je od kamena. U ovo vreme su rađene male figure od slonovače, kosti i takođe u glini. Staro kraljevstvo[uredi | uredi izvor] Narmerova paleta (Egipatski muzej u Kairu) Staro egipatsko carstvo dominiraju faraoni iz III do VI dinastije, a obuhvata period od pet vekova između 2755. i 2255. godine p. n. e. Negde oko 3000. godine, Egipat se ujedino pod vođstvom moćnih lidera sa juga zemlje, međutim ideja jednog podeljenog Egipta na Gornji na jugu i Donji na severu, održala se još neko vreme. U ovom periodu dominiraju I i II dinastija a ističe se car Narmer (neki istoričari ga identifikuju sa carem Menesom), začetnik ujedinjenja i osnivač prve dinastije. Na Narmerovoj paleti isklesanoj u kamenu (oko 3100. godine p. n. e., Arheološki muzej u Kairu), predstavljen je sam faraon kako nosi krunu sa juga i potčinjava narod sa severa svojoj volji, sa isprepletenim vratovima lavova kao metaforom ujedinjenja Egipta pod vlast jednog faraona. Arhitektura[uredi | uredi izvor] Osnova piramide Amenehmeta I Piramide u Gizi U vreme prvih dinastija sagrađeni su važni zagrobni kompleksi za faraone u Abidu i Sakari koji su imitacija palata i hramova (grobnica je bila jedna sinteza hrama i privatne palate). Velike količine keramike, radova u kamenu, rezbarenih u slonovači ili kosti, potvrđuju visok stepen razvoja u ovoj epohi. Hijeroglifi (pismo pomoću crteža), tj. način na koji je pisan egipatski jezik, u to vreme se nalaze u prvom stadijumu evolucije a već pokazuju svoj karakter nečega živog, kao i ostatak dekoracije. U III dinastiji glavni grad postaje Menfis i faraoni počinju sa izgradnjom piramida, koje zamenjuju mastabe kao kraljevske grobnice. Arhitekta, naučnik i mislilac Imotep konstruiše kompleks u Sakari za faraona Džosera (oko 2737—2717. p. n. e.). Reč je o jednom nekropolju kog čini jedna stepenasta piramida od kamena, i grupa hramova, oltara i prostora koji ih povezuju u jednu celinu. Veliku stepenastu piramidu, gde se nalaze posmrtni ostaci faraona, sačinjava više mastaba postavljenih jedna na drugu i predstavlja najstariji primerak monumentalne arhitekture koji je sačuvan do danas. Takođe ilustruje jednu od faza razvoja ka piramidi kao arhitektonskom tipu. Arhitektura Starog kraljevstva se može smatrati monumentalnom pošto su lokalni krečnjak i granit korišćeni za izgradnju građevina i grobnica velikih dimenzija. Razvijena je izvanredna arhitektonska tehnika i upotrebljavani kolosalni kameni blokovi koji se savršeno uklapaju jedan sa drugim bez upotrebe maltera, a način na koji su podizani do njihove destinacije nam je nepoznat. Kupula kao arhitektonski elemenat je poznata ali se ne koristi u kamenoj arhitekturi. Od velikog broja sagrađenih hramova u ovom periodu sačuvano je samo nekoliko primera. Monumentalni kompleks u Gizi, gde su sahranjeni faraoni IV dinastije, pokazuje veštinu i sposobnost egipatskih arhitekti u izgradnji spomenika koji je još u antičko doba smatran jednim od Sedam svetskih čuda i pokazuje raskoš egipatske civilizacije. Snefru je počeo izgradnju prve piramide bez stepenica. Keops je bio njegov naslednik i izgradio je Veliku piramidu koja dostiže 146 metara visine, a čini je oko 2,3 miliona kamenih blokova prosečne težine oko 2,5 tone. Keopsov sin Kefren je izgradio jednu manju, a Mikerin je autor treće velike piramide ovog kompleksa.[1] Zadatak piramida je bio da zaštite i očuvaju tela faraona za večnost. Svaka piramida je deo kompleksa koji se sastojao od hrama u dolini, prilaza, komunikacionih prolaza i drugih prostora, među kojima je i prostor rezervisan sa religijske rituale pre sahrane. Oko tri piramide u Gizi (Keopsove, Kefrenove i Mikerinove), stvoren je nekropolj (grad mrtvih) koji čine mnogobrojne mastabe.[1] Ravnog krova i iskošenih zidova nazvane su mastabama pošto podsećaju na egipatske kuće od opeke (mešavina gline, peska i trske), u obliku zarubljene piramide. Mastabe su bile grobnice u kojima su sahranjivani članovi porodice faraona, plemstvo i državni službenici visokog ranga. Spoljašnji izgled mastabe podseća na odsečenu piramidu pravougaonog oblika, a u unutrašnjosti se nalazila mala soba zvana sirdab, gde je čuvana statua pokojnika, smatrana živim bićem, kao i lažna vrata koja su simbolički povezivala svet živih sa svetom mrtvih. Ispred njih su ostavljani darovi pokojniku i takođe se vršio pogrebni obred. Pod zemljom se nalazila komora grobnice, kojoj se pristupalo kroz jedan hodnik koji bi se zapečatio nakon deponovanja tela pokojnika. Suprotno relativnoj obilatosti sačuvanih ostataka monumentalnih grobnica, jedva da se sreću primerci kuća i civilne arhitekture egipatskih gradova iz vremena Starog kraljevstva; može se pretpostaviti njihov planski raspored, kao što je slučaj sa nekropoljem, ali upotreba adobe (opeke od mešavine gline i slame i pečene na suncu) za izgradnju kuća i palata, onemogućila je da se te građevine očuvaju do našeg vremena. Stoga, hramovi i grobnice konstruisani u kamenu i sa jasnom idejom da odole vremenu, budu večni, nude najveći deo i skoro jedinu informaciju o običajima i načinu života starih Egipćana. Vajarstvo[uredi | uredi izvor] Statua faraona Kefrena u Arheološkom muzeju u Kairu Počev od prvih figura u glini, kosti i slonovači iz predinastičkog perioda, egipatsko vajarstvo se razvilo velikom brzinom. U epohi Džosera (2737—2717. p. n. e.), radile su se velike statue faraona i vladara nad kojima je trebalo da stoje duhovi koji će ovekovečiti sećanje na pokojnika. Hijeratičnost, krutost, kubne forme i frontalnost su suštinske karakteristike egipatskog vajarstva.[1] Prvo bi se klesao jedan kameni blok pravougaonog oblika, nakon čega bi se pravio crtež figure koja je predmet predstavljanja, na frontalnoj i obe lateralne strane kamena. Kao posledica ovakvog pristupa, konačna statua je bila predviđena da bude posmatrana sa frontalne strane (zakon frontalnosti). Pošto je cilj bio da se stvori jedna slika za večnost suštine i duha portretirane osobe, nije bilo potrebe oblikovati figuru sa svih strana već je bilo dovoljna jedna frontalna kompozicija iste. Egipatski umetnik nije tražio predstavljanje pokreta. Od prvih vremena dinastičkog perioda postojalo je odlično znanje ljudske anatomije, ali joj se davala jedna idealizovana forma. Sedeća statua faraona Kefrena (oko 2530. godine p. n. e., Arheološki muzej u Kairu), koji je pokrenuo izgradnju druge najveće piramide u nekropolju u Gizi, sadrži u sebi sve karakteristike koje su činile egipatsko vajarstvo. Faraon je ovde predstavljen kako sedi na jednom tronu koji je dekorisan grbom ujedinjenih zemalja, sa rukama na kolenima, uspravne i ukočene glave, sa očima koje gledaju u beskonačnost. Soko koji predstavlja boga Horusa nalazi se iza Kefrenove glave, simbolišući da je on, faraon, živi Horus. Ova statua, isklesana u dioritu, u celini predstavlja veliko jedinstvo i ravnotežu kompozicije i takođe dočarava jednu snažnu sliku božanskog veličanstva. Istorija i glavne karakteristike[uredi | uredi izvor] Egipat reč je grčkog porekla. Reljefno, karakteristična je podeljenost, a spoj je bio preko Suecke prevlake, kao i reke Nil. Stanovništvo je hamitskog porekla. U 4. milenijumu beleži se dolazak stanovništva semitskog porekla. Hamiti su imali totemizam a Semiti su verovali u božanstva u ljudskom obliku. Razvojne faze u umetnosti se uglavnom podudaraju sa razvojem istorije i političke istorije Egipćana. Poznata je Manehtova podela na 30 dinastija. U III milenijumu faraon Naramer ujedinio je Egipat- mitski Menes smatra se za ujedinitelja Egipta-Gornjeg i Donjeg Egipta. Sa razvitkom zemljoradnje i stočarstva, tj pripitomljavanjem biljaka i životinja čovek odnosi pobedu nad prirodom. Međutim u dolinama velikih reka, „neolitska revolucija“ je doživela veliki uspeh i dozvolila je lokalnom stanovništvu da se umnoži više nego što je dozvoljavala postojeća količina hrane. Rešenje je međuplemenski rat ili ujedinjavanje u veća i naprednija društva – nastaju prva utvrđenja, prve civilizacije. Pronalaskom pisma počinje istorija. Stari Egipat nastaje u dolini reke Nil. Bila je razvijena zemljoradnja. Robovlasničko društvo sa faraonom na čelu (sin boga Ra, predstavljao božanstvo, glavnu karakteristiku egipatske civilizacije i određivao razvoj egipatske umetnosti). Pod Narmerom (Menes), koji je bio vladar Gornjeg Egipta, ujedinjuje se Gornji i Donji Egipat i nastaje Staro kraljevstvo. Egipatska umetnost je bila kultnog karaktera. Vezana je za hramove i grobnice i njihovu unutrašnjost - nije namenjna prostorima čovekovog življenja. Umetnička dela su potpuno izolovana od masa - ulazi u grobnice su pažljivo skrivani. Nema prave narodne umetnosti. Ona je vezana za provincije i napreduje sporo, naporno prateći opšti razvoj. Narmerova paleta predstavlja možda prvo umetničko delo u istoriji, u smislu da nije nastalo u magijske svrhe, već da govori o konkretnom događaju i konkretnoj osobi. Sa prednje strane palete je prikazan kralj Narmer kako ubija neprijatelja (verovatno kralja Donjeg Egipta) pod pokroviteljstvom boga sunca Horusa, predstavljenog u vidu sokola. Sa druge strane su dve životinje isprepletenih dugih vratova, koje verovatno predstavljaju ujedinjenje Gornjeg i Donjeg Egipta. Narmerova paleta nema narativnu ambiciju, već jezikom vizuelnih simbola slavi značajan događaj Egipatska kultura je vezana za Nil. Čovek je tu postojao još od paleolita u toku 4300. p. n. e. - duga podela ili 2000. p. n. e. kratka podela- jedna i druga podela se navode da bi se uočila relativnost ovih podataka. Računa se da je Menes ujedinio Egipat. Tada počinje epoha koja traje 2200 g. epoha Starog kraljevstva a zatim Srednje kraljevstvo i Novo kraljevstvo. U međuvremenu se događala i jedna velika najezda severnih naroda iz centralne Azije. Faraon je vrhovni sveštenik. Ujedinjenje je bilo neophodno jer je Nil plavio periodično svake godine u skoro isti dan. Promene boje; zelena znači raste, crvena, plavi- mogu se dve žetve izvući u toku jedne godine iz ovoga plodnog tla. Nil nadođe jer u Etiopiji i Somaliji padnu kiše, alge- zeleno, zemlja- crveno- Zeleni Nil i Crveni Nil. Religija proizilazi iz robovlasništva uspostavljanog 4000. p. n. e. godine. Čovek je želeo da kroz večnost ostane na zemlji, otuda misao o večitom životu faraona kao faraona a roba kao roba, bez promena. Javlja se grobna arhitektura.”Ka”jeste dvojnik od kamena za povratak duše koja se sada ima kamo vratiti. Odaje se dekorišu scenama koje bi ukazivale na momente iz života faraona. Staro kraljevstvo (3000. – 2105. p. n. e.), kraj carstva zbacivanjem VI dinastije Srednje kraljevstvo (2050. – 1778. p. n. e.), XI – XII dinastija Novo kraljevstvo (1500. – 1166. ili 1570. - |1085. p. n. e.) XVIII – XX dinastija Egipćani su verovali u kult mrtvih, to ih je povezivalo sa neolitskom prošlošću, ali mračni strah od duhova mrtvih nije postojao, izbrisana je granica između života i smrti. Egipćanin je opremao svoju grobnicu kao neku vrstu replike u senci svoje svakodnevne okoline, da bi njegov duh, njegov Ka mogao da uživa u njoj i gledao je da za svoj Ka obezbedi mumificirano telo ili statuu. Egipćani su sebi gradili grobnice (mastabe, piramide), domaćinstvo za njihov Ka. One su bile građene da večno traju i naše poznavanje egipatske civilizacije počiva samo na grobnicama i njihovom sadržaju. Religija diktira monumentalnost, uniformnost, frontalnost i ukočenost u umetnosti, međutim egipatska umetnost se koleba između konzervatizma i novatorstva, ali nikad nije statična. Osim arhitektonskih ostvarenja egipatsku umetnost čine: portretne statue biste slike reljefi Egipatska Arhitektura[uredi | uredi izvor] Glavni članak: Egipatska arhitektura Egipatska arhitektura je glavni elemenat egipatske civilizacije, koja se smatra jednom od najznačajnih civilizacija starog veka, imajući u vidu vreme u kome je postojala, dostignuća i trajanje od 3.000 godina. Egipatska civilizacija je razvila specifično državno uređenje, religiju, arhitekturu, pismo i umetnost. Hram u Luksoru Hram u Luksoru Peristel dvorana u Medinet Habuu Peristel dvorana u Medinet Habuu Hram u Karnaku Hram u Karnaku Hram u Esni Hram u Esni Hram kraljice Hatšepsut Hram kraljice Hatšepsut Hram Isis Hram Isis Hram Nefertiri Hram Nefertiri Hram u Fili Hram u Fili Portretna skulptura[uredi | uredi izvor] Radi se za slučaj da mumija propadne. Svojstva: smiren stav i kod sedeće i kod stojeće figure. Ponekad izbačena noga, ona ne pokazuje kretanje, već povećava statičnost. Uzdržanost, ukočenost – reprezentativnost, monumentalnost. Naglašena je osa simetrije. Vajalo se pomoću projekcija pa su figure «sapete» i predstavljene su čeono. Zadnja strana skulpture je vezana za zid – pozađe, te figure nikad nisu slobodne. Verovatno su sve egipatske statue bile bojene, ali je boja na većini tokom vekova nestala. Očuvana je na dvojnoj statui princa Rahotepa i njegove žene, koja pokazuje koliko je boja davala utisak životnosti. Utisak je pojačan kvarcom koji se stavljao na mesto očiju. Reljef i slikarstvo[uredi | uredi izvor] Imaju iste pobude kao i skulptura – motivi vezani za život, ilustruju život umrlog. Sagledava se i put umrlog ka «onom svetu». Reljef je plitak i bliži slikarstvu nego vajarstvu. Postoje dve vrste: niski bareljef (blago ispupčeni oblici) upušten reljef (urezan) Reljef je blizak gravuri, nema svetlosti i senke, (plitak je), često je bojen istim bojama kao u slikarstvu. Muška tela su tamnija od ženskih. Bojenje je kontinuirano i uniformno, bez nijansi. U slikarstvu nema treće dimenzije. Egipatskim umetnicima nije bio cilj da stvore iluziju stvarnosti, već da što jasnije prenesu poruku. Ne postoji jedninstvo prostora i vremena, tako da se isti lik može pojaviti na više mesta. U egipatskoj umetnosti važi zakon frontaliteta, ortogonalno predstavljanje i uglovi se menjaju za 90 ili 180 stepeni. Oblici se vide pod pravim uglom. Ne poznaju perspektivu. Glava je prikazana u profilu, oko je frontalno, noge su u profilu, stopala su razmaknuta i oba viđena sa strane palca. Posrednim putem su dočaravali dubinu prostora. Poznavali su samo upravan način predstavljanja. Postoji princip superponiranja za dubinu prostora - ličnosti nacrtane najniže su najbliže, a svaki viši red je dalji. Koriste izokefalij – glave ličnosti istog ranga su u istoj veličini (hijerarhijsko dimenzionisanje), robovi su najmanji, a vladari najveći. Takav aksijalni metod, koji omogućava najširi pogled na telo, teži da pruži što jasniji i jednostavniji utisak. To je izraz odrećenog odnosa prema posmatraču - obraća mu se direktno i zahteva poštovanje. Reference[uredi | uredi izvor] ^ Vrati se na: a b v g d Janson 1975, str. 33–49 Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor] Aldred, Cyril, Development of Ancient Egyptian Art from 3200–1315 B. C., Tiranti, London, 1952 Aldred, Cyril, Middle Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt, 2300–1590 B. C., Tiranti, London, 1950 Aldred, Cyril, New Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt During the Eighteenth Dynasty, 1570–1320 B. C. 2. popr. i proš. izd., Tiranti, London, 1961 Aldred, Cyril, Old Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt, Tiranti , London, 1949 Badawy, Alexander, A History of Egyptian Architecture, sv, I, Sh. Studio Misr, Giza, 1954; sv. II, University of California Press, 1966 Davies, Nina M., and Gardiner, Alan H., Ancient Egyptian Paintings, University of Chicago Press, 1936 Fakhry, Ahmed, The Pyramids, University of Chicago Press, 1952 Frankfort, Henri, ured., The Mural Painting of El`–Amarnek, Egyptian Exploration Society, London, 1929 Groenewegen-Frankfort, H. A., Arrest and Movement: An Essay on Space and Time in the Representational Art of the Ancient near East, University of Chicago Press, 1951 Hayes, William C., The Scepter of Egypt, u 2. sv., Harvard University Press, 1953-59 –Volumen 1 on Met Museum Lange, Kurt, and Hirmer, Max, Egypt, Phaidon, London, 1956 Michalowski, Kazimierz, Art and Ancient Egypt, Abrams, New York, 1969 Forter, B., And Moss, R., Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings, u 7. sv., Oxford University Press, New York, 1927–52 Smith, William Stevenson, The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt, Pelican History of Art, Penguin Books, Baltimore, 1958 Janson, H. W. (1975). Istorija umetnosti – Pregled razvoja likovnih umetnosti od praistorije do danas (Umetnost). Beograd, Jugoslavija: Prosveta. Woldering, Irmgard, The Art of Egypt, Crown, New York 1967 Istorija umetnosti H.W. JANSON, Beograd 1982. Opšta istorija umetnosti ĐINA PIKSEL, Beograd 1974. Kako prepoznati umetnost, Ljubljana 1980. Istorija slikarstva Fernand Hazar, Beograd 1973.

Kako se uci ljubav Stihovi Goran Babic Muzika Arsen Dedic Crtezi Dusan Vukotic August Cesarec, Zagreb, 1979. Tvrd povez, 77 strana. Korice kao na slici. Uz knjigu ne ide singlica. RETKO! Dušan Vukotić (Bileća, 7. veljače 1927. - Zagreb, 8. srpnja 1998.), bio je srpski redatelj iz Hrvatske, scenarist, animator, crtač i karikaturist. Sadržaj 1 Biografija 1.1 Stvaranje 1.2 Nagrade 1.3 Posljednji uradci 2 Vanjske veze Biografija Stvaranje Studirao arhitekturu u Zagrebu. Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata kao karikaturist djeluje u `Kerempuhu` (gdje 1953. objavljuje strip Špiljo i Goljo - prethistorijski ljudi, sjajnu anticipaciju kasnije stripovske i animacijske serije Obitelj Kremenko tandema Hanna-Barbera)., Surađuje takodjer u `Ježu`, `Vjesniku`, `Filmskoj kulturi` i dr. Prvi kontakt s crtanim filmom ostvaruje početkom 1950-ih godina prošlog stoljeća u zagrebačkom `Duga filmu`. Debitira crtićem `Kako se rodio Kićo` (1951., s J. Sudarom) te kao radi glavni crtač i animator u Začaranom dvorcu u Dudincima (Fadil Hadžić 1952.), u kojima pokušava stvoriti popularnog junaka (Kićo) duže aktualno satiričke crtane serije i na temeljima disneyevske antropomorfne figuracije sklopiti lokalno obojeni model crtane humoreske. U idućoj fazi (1954./55.) s N. Kostelcem i grupom suradnika realizira seriju (13) kratkih reklamnih crtića, u kojima istražuje elemente reducirane, moderno sažete animacije. Po osnivanju Studija za crtani film Zagreb filma, 1956. realizira prvi potpuno svoj projekt Nestašni robot, otvarajući seriju duhovitoga i lucidnog parodiranja najpoznatijih žanrovskih kino-modela. Slijede parodije westerna (Cowboy Jimmy, 1957.), filma strave (Veliki strah, 1958.), gangsterskog filma (Koncert za mašinsku pušku, 1958) i ponovno znanstvene fantastike (Krava na mjesecu, 1959.), zatim još crtane bajke (Čarobni zvuci, 1957., Abrakadabra, 1958.), satira (Rep je ulaznica, 1959), te crtana ekranizacija nostalgičnoga čehovljevskog svijeta (Osvetnik, 1958). U tim djelima (surađujući s crtačima A. Marksom, B. Kolarom i Z. Grgićem, animatorima V. Jutrišom, V. Kostanjšekom, Grgićem i Kolarom, te scenografima Z. Bourekom, Z. Lončarićem, P. Štalterom, I. Voljevicom i K. Tompom) postavlja temelje svoje osobite crtane morfologije, čiji se model sastoji od bijele ili akvarelno tonirane plohe po kojoj se razigrava plošni, dinamični grafički ornament likova i dekora. Redukcija na osnovne izražajne elemente crtanog filma (ploha kao prava medijska realnost, plošno karikirani junaci, izražajnost pokreta, dekorativna funkcija boje i svođenje vanjske slikovitosti na strukturnu sintezu) pomažu mu u formulaciji vlastitoga modernog jezika crtanog filma, pa Osvetnik i Koncert za mašinsku pušku još i danas vrijede za remek-djela ovog područja. Za sva spomenuta ostvarenja nagrađivan je na brojnim domaćim i međunarodnim festivalima. Nagrade Kao svjetskog majstora potvrđuju ga dometi čija vanjska virtuoznost i atraktivnost prenose gledalištu autorova razmišljanja o suštinskim konfliktima suvremenog svijeta i čovjekova opstanka: Piccolo (1959., nagrađen u Londonu, Beogradu, Oberhausenu (za ovaj festival Vukotić 1964. stvara špicu), Corku, Karlovym Varyma, Ciudad de Méxicu itd.), Surogat (1961., Oscar za najbolji animirani film – prvi put dodijeljen filmu izvan SAD, nagrade u Beogradu, Bergamou, Corku, San Franciscou, Oberhausenu itd.) i Igra (1962., nagrađen u Beogradu, Annecyju, Londonu, Oberhausenu, Mannheimu, Corku, Cannesu, Melbourneu, Pragu, Milanu, San Franciscu itd.). Tu Vukotićevu fazu najkraće i najpotpunije definira Vicko Raspor pišući o Surogatu: `To nisu gegovi, to je filozofija, čitav jedan nazor na svijet`. Nastavljajući eksperimentalno prepletanje animiranih i igranofilmskih elemenata, realizira filmove Mrlja na savjesti (1968., nagrađen u Corku), Opera Cordis (1968., nagrađen u Beogradu, Atlanti, Mamaji itd.), Ars gratia artis (1970., nagrađen u Beogradu, Atlanti, Londonu itd.), Gubecziana (1974., nagrađen u Beogradu), Skakavac (1975.) i dr. Zanimljive rezultate ostvaruje i cjelovečernjim igranim filmovima u rasponu od bajkovite metafore (Sedmi kontinent, 1966.), preko aktualizacije ratne prošlosti (Akcija stadion, 1977.), do znanstvene fantastike (Gosti iz galaksije, 1981.), za koje je nagrađivan na festivalima u Puli, Trstu, Teheranu i dr. Predavao je filmsku režiju na Akademiji dramskih umjetnosti u Zagrebu, a bavio se i teorijom animacije. Posljednji uradci Svoj posljednji film napravio je 1993.: `Dobro došli na planet zemlju`, pokazavši njime da je u dobroj formi. Vukotić je započeo pripreme za veliku češko-hrvatsku animirano-igranu koprodukciju koju nije stigao dovršiti. Umire od infarkta 8. srpnja 1998.

Lepo očuvano Retko 1981 Novi Sad Milan Konjović (Sombor, 28. jun 1898 — Sombor, 28. januar 1993) bio je srpski slikar i akademik. Bavio se i pozorišnom scenografijom i kostimografijom. Studirao je u Pragu i Beču, a živeo u Parizu od 1924. do 1932. Svojim opusom od 6.000 radova pripada vrhu srpske likovne umetnosti, uz afirmaciju svoga osobenog stila koloriste ekspresionističkog temperamenta. Pojedini kritičari su ga nazivali „poslednjim fovistom“.[1] Milan Konjović Milan Konjović 1998. godine Lični podaci Datum rođenja 28. januar 1898. Mesto rođenja Sombor, Austrougarska Datum smrti 20. oktobar 1993. (95 god.) Mesto smrti Sombor, SR Jugoslavija Potpis Biografija uredi Milan Konjović je rođen 28. januara 1898. godine u Somboru kao drugo dete[2] u znamenitoj porodici advokata i poslanika u ugarskom saboru Davida Konjevića.[3] Po majci je potomak uglednog srpskog pedagoga, publiciste i upravnika Srpske učiteljske škole Nikole Vukićevića.[3] U Somboru je, tokom pohađanja gimnazije, 1914. godine prvi put izlagao pedesetak radova slikanih u prirodi. Učestvovao je u Prvom svetskom ratu od 1916. do 1918. kao artiljerijski oficir.[4] Na Akademiju likovnih umetnosti u Pragu se upisao 1919. godine u klasi Vlahe Bukovca, gde je studirao dva semestra.[5] Nastavlja da radi samostalno, u Pragu uz savete avangardnog češkog slikara Jana Zrzavija, u Beču i po studijskim putovanjima u Minhenu, Berlinu i Drezdenu.[6] U Parizu od 1924. do 1932. godine postiže zapažene uspehe samostalnim izložbama kao i na izložbama u pariskim salonima gde nastaje njegova „plava faza”.[7] Po povratku u Sombor 1932. godine se posvetio slikanju rodnog kraja, vojvođanskih pejzaža, ljudi i ambijenata, sa „izletima” u Dalmaciju[8] koji predstavljaju „crvenu fazu“ koja obuhvata razdoblje do 1940. godine.[9] Za vreme Drugog svetskog rata je bio u zarobljeništvu u Osnabriku. Posle povratka 1943. nastaju njegovi pasteli u ulju koji do 1952. čine umetnikovu „sivu fazu”.[9] Od 18. marta do 1. aprila 1951. je održao izložbu „Ljudi” u Umetničkom paviljonu „Cvijeta Zuzorić”.[10] Od 1953. godine, u „kolorističnoj fazi”, dominira čista, intenzivna boja.[11] Nova slikarska orijentacija traje na radovima „asocijativne faze” od 1960. do 1980, a 1985. počinje sa pravim varijacijama na temu vizantijske umetnosti i do kraja 1990. godine nastaje tridesetak dela nove „vizantijske faze”.[12][9] Preminuo je 20. oktobra 1993. u Somboru. Slikarski opus uredi Opus slikara Milana Konjovića je preko 6000 radova: ulja, pastela, akvarela, tempera, crteža, tapiserija, pozorišnih scenografija, skica za kostime, vitraža, mozaika i grafika. Stvorio je lični prepoznatljivi stil ekspresionističkog temperamenta. Doživio je punu afirmaciju na 255[13] ili 300[14] samostalnih i 700[14] kolektivnih izložbi u Jugoslaviji, Srbiji i brojnim centrima Evrope (Prag, Budimpešta, Beč, London, Amsterdam, Rim, Pariz, Atina, Moskva) i sveta (Sao Paulo, Njujork, San Francisko i drugi).[15] Slikao je pejzaže, portrete, kompozicije, mrtvu prirodu.. većinu motiva je uzimao iz svog rodnog kraja Bačke.[16][17][18][19] Za Konjovićevo stvaralaštvo Miodrag B. Protić je rekao: „...spoljna stvarnost za njega je unutrašnji doživljaj. Sve objektivne činjenice, sve teme koje slika boji izrazito ličnim osećanjem sveta i života”.[20] Milan Konjović je radio i portrete po svom „ćefu”, birajući za modele obične ljude i marginalce koje je sretao u životu (Sombor, Cavtat, Dubrovnik, Senta, Bačka Topola). Jedna od takvih fizionomija bio je lik Šandora Ćire Falcionea,[21] njegovog sugrađanina, koji je zbog svoje mušičavosti i navodnog ludila važio za crnu ovcu familije, a koga su braća htela da liše porodičnog nasleđa i ostave bez zemlje. U Somboru je 1966. godine otvorena „Galerija Milan Konjović” u kojoj se trenutno nalazi više od 1060 umetnikovih dela.[22] Članstvo i nagrade uredi Članstvo u institucijama uredi Galerija „Milan Konjović”, Sombor Konjovićeva slika Moj studio na jugoslovenskoj poštanskoj markici iz 1973. Milan Konjović je bio član Vojvođanske akademije nauka i umetnosti u Novom Sadu, dopisni član Jugoslavenske akademije nauka i umetnosti u Zagrebu (od 1986) i član Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti u Beogradu. Umro je u Somboru 20. oktobra 1993. godine.[23] Nagrade uredi Dobitnik je više značajnih nagrada.[23] Nagrada AVNOJ 1988. godine Sedmojulska nagrada Srbije, 1959. Nagrada za životno delo Srbije, 1962. Nagrada oslobođenja Vojvodine, 1975. Orden rada 1. reda 1958. Orden zasluga za narod sa zlatnom zvezdom

predratna ORIGINALNA fotografija GLADYS SWARTHOUT iz 1937. glamur glamour film movie veliki format dim. 26 x 20 cm Gladys Swarthout (b. December 25, 1900, Deepwater, Missouri – d. July 7, 1969, Florence, Italy) was an American mezzo-soprano opera singer and entertainer. While studying at the Bush Conservatory of Music in Chicago, a group of friends arranged an audition for her with the Chicago Civic Opera Company. Much to her surprise, she ended up with a contract, though at the time she didn`t know a single operatic role. By her debut a few months later, she had memorized 23 parts and participated in over half of the season`s operas. She sang for the Ravinia Opera Company of Chicago for three seasons. In 1929, she made her debut with the New York Metropolitan Opera Company, where she was a participant for several decades. Swarthout`s role as Carmen was well respected. She regularly worked eight hours a day with vocal coaches, and would spend an hour or more singing duets with her husband, Frank Chapman, also an opera singer. She also advocated inflating balloons and blowing bubbles to strengthen the chest. She also wrote a semi-autobiographical novel entitled Come Soon, Tomorrow: The Story of a Young Singer first published in 1943 that went through at least seven printings. She starred in five films for Paramount Pictures, including Rose of the Rancho, Romance in the Dark, Give Us This Night and Ambush. For the movie Champagne Waltz with Fred MacMurray, she sang her songs in five languages, including French, German, Italian, and Spanish for the foreign versions of the films. Swarthout also performed on a number of opera shows on television. In one of her final public singing performances, she did a concert in January 1951 at the Met. She continued to make public appearances, including an appearance on What`s My Line? in 1951. The Railroad Hour presented Martha on February 22, 1954. She was often heard on radio programs, including those of General Motors, RCA-Magic Key, Camel Caravan, the Ford Symphony and the Prudential Family Hour. In a 1942 article, Time Magazine reported that she had earned $1,250,000 in her lifetime. One of her signature songs on the radio was Bless this House featured in advertising and commonly found framed in many homes throughout America. Shortly after World War II Swarthout recorded `Just Awearyin` for You` (w. 1894 by Frank Lebby Stanton, m. 1901 by Carrie Jacobs-Bond). Swarthout first married Harry Kern of Chicago, an older man who was general credit manager for the Hart-Schaffner Marx Company, but she still retained her maiden name for her singing appearances. Kern died in 1931. She later married Frank M. Chapman, Jr. (1931); the two had first met in an opera house in Naples two years earlier. In addition to their common interest in singing, they enjoyed collecting French furniture, many examples of which can be seen in their photographs together. She once said, `Our marriage started as a romantic adventure. We intend to keep it that way.` She collected silver and they had several dogs. It was also Chapman`s second marriage. In 1956, Swarthout was diagnosed with a mitral heart valve problem. She eventually decided to undergo open heart surgery; she was on the operating table for six hours. Later, she began a campaign to ensure that parents knew the dangers of unsuspected rheumatic fever. In 1958, Dr. Paul Dudley White presented her with the American Heart Association`s very first `Heart-of-the-Year` Award, to be given annually to a distinguished American whose faith and courage in meeting the personal challenge of heart disease have inspired new hope for hearts. She wrote about her decision in When the Song Left My Heart, an article in the October 1958 Everywoman`s Family Circle. As she went into retirement, she and Frank bought a villa in Italy, La Ragnaia, near Florence, where they lived together until Chapman`s death in 1966.

Spoljašnjost kao na fotografijama, unutrašnjost u dobrom i urednom stanju! Omot malo losiji, sama knjiga u dobrom i urednom stanju! Stvarnost i mit u slikarstvu Milana Konjovića Autor: Lazar Trifunović Izdavač: Galerija Milan Konjović, Sombor 1978; Tvrd povez sa omotom, strana 217, bogato ilustrovana, 25cm Milan Konjović (1898 — 1993) je bio istaknuti srpski slikar 20. veka. Studirao je u Pragu i Beču, a živeo u Parizu od 1924. do 1932. Svojim opusom od 6.000 radova pripada vrhu srpske likovne umetnosti, uz afirmaciju svoga osobenog stila strasnog koloriste ekspresionističkog temperamenta. Kritičari su ga ponekad nazivali „poslednji fovista“ Milan Konjović je rođen 28. januara 1898. godine u Somboru gde još u gimnaziji 1914. godine prvi put izlaže pedesetak radova slikanih u prirodi. Na Akademiju likovnih umetnosti u Pragu upisuje se 1919. godine u klasi Vlahe Bukovca, gde studira samo dva semestra. Nastavlja da radi samostalno, u Pragu uz savete avangardnog češkog slikara Jana Zrzavija, u Beču i po nemačkim muzejima u Minhenu, Berlinu i Drezdenu. U Parizu od 1924. do 1932. godine postiže zapažene uspehe samostalnim izložbama kao i na izložbama u pariskim salonima.[2] Tu nastaje njegova „plava faza“. Po povratku u Sombor 1932. godine posvetio se slikanju rodnog kraja, vojvođanskih pejzaža, ljudi i ambijenata, sa „izletima“ u Dalmaciju. To je „crvena faza“ koja obuhvata razdoblje do 1940. godine. Za vrijeme Drugog svetskog rata je u zarobljeništvu u Osnabriku. Posle povratka 1943. godine nastaju Konjovićevi pasteli u ulju koji do 1952. godine čine umetinikovu „sivu fazu“. Od 1953. godine u „kolorističnoj fazi“ plamsa opet čista intenzivna boja. Nova slikarska orijentacija traje na radovima „asocijativne faze“ od 1960. do 1980, a 1985. počinje sa pravim varijacijama na temu vizantijske umetnosti i do kraja 1990. godine nastaje tridesetak dela nove „vizantijske faze Slika pejzaže, portrete, kompozicije, mrtvu prirodu. Većinu motiva uzima iz svog rodnog kraja Bačke.[4][5][6][7] Za Konjovićevo stvaralaštvo Miodrag B. Protić je rekao:`... spoljna stvarnost za njega je unutrašnji doživljaj. Sve objektivne činjenice, sve teme koje slika boji izrazito ličnim osećanjem sveta i života.`[8] Opus slikara Milana Konjovića je preko 6000 radova: ulja, pastela, akvarela, tempera, crteža, tapiserija, pozorišnih scenografija, skica za kostime, vitraža, mozaika i grafika. Stvorio je lični prepoznatljivi stil ekspresionističkog temperamenta. Doživio je punu afirmaciju na 294 samostalne i 693 kolektivne izložbe u Jugoslaviji, Srbiji i brojnim centrima Evrope (Prag, Budimpešta, Beč, London, Amsterdam, Rim, Pariz, Atina, Moskva) i sveta (Sao Paulo, Njujork, San Francisko...).[9] U Somboru, umetnikovom rodnom gradu, od 1966. godine otvorena je „Galerija Milan Konjović“ u kojoj se trenutno nalazi više od 1060 dela Milan Konjović je bio član Vojvođanske akademije nauka i umetnosti u Novom Sadu, dopisni član Jugoslavenske akademije nauka i umetnosti u Zagrebu (od 1986) i član Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti u Beogradu. Umro je u Somboru 20. oktobra 1993. godine Lazar Trifunović (Beograd, 14. januar 1929 — Pariz, 23. jul 1983) je bio srpski istoričar umetnosti, likovni kritičar i profesor Univerziteta u Beogradu. Osnovnu školu i gimnaziju pohađao je u Beogradu, diplomirao istoriju umetnosti 1955. na Filozofskom fakultetu, na kome je 1960. doktorirao sa temom „Srpsko slikarstvo u prvoj polovini XX veka“. Na Filozofskom fakultetu u Beogradu je asistent od 1957. godine a 1976. izabran je za redovnog profesora Istorije moderne umetnosti. U vremenu 1962 – 1968. godine bio je direktor Narodnog muzeja u Beogradu. Osnivač je i jedno vreme direktor Savremene galerije u Nišu. Bio je likovni kritičar skoro tri decenije. Još kao student počeo je da objavljuje tekstove u „Vidicima“ i „Narodnom studentu“. objavljujući tekstove u NIN-u, Politici, Umetnosti (gde je bio glavni i odgovorni urednik) i drugim časopisima i listovima. Bio je član i predsednik Jugoslovenske sekcije AICA (Međunarodno udruženje umeničkih kritičara). Delatnost Lazar Trifunović je stručno delovao u dve osnovne oblasti: kao istoričar (moderne) umetnosti i likovni kritičar, uz to i kao profesor Moderne umetnosti na beogradskom Univerzitetu i muzeolog kao direktor Narodnog muzeja i osnivač i direktor Galerije savremene umetnosti u Nišu. Trifunović je bio osnivač katedre za Modernu umetnost na Filozofskom fakultetu u Beogradu gde je predavao istoriju modernizma do kraja života. Uveo je metodologiju proučavanja srpske moderne umetnosti na osnovama francuske istojsko-umetničke nauke koju je izneo u kapitalnom, sintetičkom delu „Srpsko slikarstvo 1900-1950“ objavljenom 1973. a koje je nastalo iz njegove doktorske disertacije 1960. godine. Drugo, veoma važno delo Lazara Trifunovića je antologija „Srpska likovna kritika“ objavljena 1967. u kojoj je prvi put dat sistematizovan pregled istorije naše umetničke kritike od njenih početaka do kraja šeste decenije. Ovim dvema knjigama Trifunović je postavio temelje naučnog izučavanja moderne srpske umetnosti i likovne kritike. Kao likovni kritičar redovno je pisao za brojne dnevne i nedeljne novine, stručne časipise i druge publikacije u kojima je pratio tekući likovni život. Započeo je kao pozorišni kritičar da bi ubrzo, tokom šeste decenije postao najuticajniji umetnički kritičar u vremenu tokom koga se bavio tumačenjem novih pojava na našoj umetničkoj sceni. Kao kritičar NIN-a od 1959. do 1963. godine posebno se istakla njegova angažovanost u ovoj oblasti kada je jasno razdvajao umetničke od neumetničkih pojava. Upravo u tom periodu zabeležena je i njegova zenitna kritičarska aktivnost jer je kao kritičar i istoričar beogradskog enformela napisao neke od najvrednijih stranica srpske umetničke kritike i teorije uopšte, na primer, izložba „Beogradski enformel (mladi slikaria)“ 1962. i izložba i studija „Enformel u Beogradu“ 1982. Značajan doprinos dao je i kao muzeolog budući da je brojne inovacije uneo u delatost Narodnog muzeja u Beogradu i Galeriji savremene umetnosti u Nišu u kojima je bio direktor. Iako najmlađi direktor ove najstarije muzejske ustanove u Srbiji Trifunović se nije ustručavao da unese novine koje su često nailazile na oštre otpore akademske i umetničke javnosti. Držeći se ideje da se i muzeologija, kao i druge društvene nauke, razvija, on je u delatnost Narodnog muzeja unosio specifilnosti koje su prethodile potonjim promenama u mnogim muzejskim institucijama kod nas. Izmenio je način rada i organizaciju ove kuće, na nov način periodizovao je istoriju srpske umetnosti, promenio je postavku primerenu tom vremenu, podsdsticao je kustose sa se mnogo angažovanije postave prema izložbenoj delatnosti itd. Na nove osnove postavio je samu zaštitu kulturnih dobara i njihovo publikovanje itd. Uspeo je čak za svog mandata i da adaptira ovu zgradu (1964-1966) na koji način joj je omogućio življu aktivnost i veću prisutnost u javnosti.

STvarnost, Zagreb, 1962. Prvo izdanje! Vrlo dobro očuvana. Srđan Vučinić: ARHIVAR NEMOGUĆEG – BORA ĆOSIĆ Ja sam polako počinjao da shvatam kako pored mnogih zanata, pobrojanih u istoriji, postoji još jedan važan zanat, bioskopskog gledaoca, vrlo naporan. B. Ćosić, Pri če o zana tima Bora Ćosić sakupio je, popisao i klasifikovao, obradio i izložio predmete svog bogatog bioskopskog iskustva u knjizi Vi dljivi i nevi dljivi čovek (pr vi put objavljenoj 1962. godine u Zagrebu). I mada se pisac spretno ogradio podnaslovom u kojem stoji jedna subjektivna istorija filma, ovo je, koliko mi je poznato, jedna od pr vih knjiga iz pera nekog našeg auto- ra koja obrađuje sve glavne etape i sineaste u dotadašnjem razvoju filmske umetnosti.1 Čitajući knjigu, pitao sam se kakva je to pasija – pored one sakupljačke i katalogizatorske, koja će doći do izražaja i nešto kasnije, u fikcionalizovanom popisu svih običnih i neobičnih zanata u vreme ratno i revolucionarno u Pričama o zanatima, ili u prikupljanju i parodijskom izlaganju mnogih tipova govora, jezičkih fraza, šablona i trivijalnosti kojima se biće malo- građanina, kao pipcima prilepljeno, drži za spoljni svet (u romanu Tutori) – dakle, kakva je to strast vodila mladog Ćosića da ispiše esejističku povest filma, trostruko obimniju od slav- ne Ulo ge moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji koja će uslediti tek sedam godina kasnije. Iščita- vajući je ponovo, stekao sam utisak kako u Vidljivom i nevidljivom čoveku na sceni imamo pisca na pragu prave stvaralačke inicijacije, u opsesivnoj potrazi za utvarama, fantomima i fantazmima, za oniričkim i transcendentalnim doživljajem – jednom reči, za svim onim što mu u doba još uvek jednobojne, sive real-socijalističke svakodnevice 50-ih, jedino iskustvo kinematografa može priuštiti. Ista ona opčinjenost spojem neobuzdane imaginacije i objek- tivnog otiska vremena, karakterističnim za sedmu umetnost, opčinjenost o kojoj svedoče i mnogi od avangardnih pesnika prve polovine XX veka, našla je svoj izraz u energiji i entu- zijazmu mladalačkog traktata Bore Ćosića, u pasažima poput ovog: „Film je pr vi put od kada postoji svet umeo da jedan trenutak ukrade od prolaznosti i da ga u svom celovitom kretanju sačuva zauvek (...) da mađioničarskim majstorstvom zabeleži čoveka bez glave, devojku u čaši vode i realne oblike nepostojećih čudovišta. Film je poklonio svom gledaocu oči koje sve vide i uši koje sve čuju, popeo ga na nemoguće visine i obdario ga sposobnošću da istovremeno prisustvuje dvama različitim događajima.“2 Sa predanošću bliskom onoj sa kojom Line i Lamark beleže i razvrstavaju sva čudesa flore i faune, a Borhes primerke svoje 1 Te iste 1962. ob javljena je u beogradskoj „Prosveti“ Istori ja filma Radoša Novakovića, reditelja i profe- sora Akademije za pozorište, film, radio i tele viziju. 2 B. Ćosić: Vidljivi i nevidljivi čovek (Beograd, 2012, str. 13). Za ovo obnovljeno izdanje, povodom pola veka od izlaska Ćosiće ve knjige, zaslužan je Se verin M. Franić (1952–2014), filmski kritičar i osnivač ča- sopisa YU film danas u okviru kojeg je objavljivana i posebno vredna edicija PLUS biblioteka „YU film danas“; Ćosiće va knjiga jedno je od poslednjih izdanja iz ove edicije. ZLATNA GREDA Srđan Vučinić 57 „fantastične zoologije“ – Bora Ćosić nam iz mraka bioskopske sale donosi čuda filmskih pe- snika i novatora, od Grifitovog otkrivanja krupnog plana, tog oka „superiornijeg i vidovitijeg od čovekovog“, preko Ajzenštajnove montaže atrakcije, njegove likovne ekspresivnosti i hiperboličnosti, pa sve do čuda nepatvorene stvarnosti italijanskih neorealista ili veličan- stvene Hičkokove persiflaže „pune pri tajene jeze“ (u Nevo lja ma sa Ha rijem). No nije teško zapazi ti one sineaste koji su mladom piscu posebno bliski i dra gi; autore kroz čije sa gledavanje i tumačenje on skicira i mapu svog budućeg pripovedačkog sveta. Propitujući Čaplinovu umetnost, Ćosić posebno ističe njegov pohod na opšta mesta, sklo- nost ka obrtanju na glavačke uvreženih odnosa i opštih pravila: onog Čarlija koji, održava- jući red u radnji, počinje da zaliva cveće na ženskim šeširima; za koga se tretman u lečilištu pretvara u mučilište i rvački ring; kome je, tokom rovovske borbe u ratu, i vatra iz neprija- teljskog oružja dobar instrument da bi sebi pripalio cigaretu, otvorio flašu piva... Mali čovek koga je Čaplin stvorio „čudna je kost u grlu ove civili za cije“, konstatuje Bora Ćosić. Piščevo tumačenje tog „malog delije“ navešćuje nam kalambursko i alogičko obr tanje naglavce stereotipa i jezičkih fraza na kojima malograđanski i novi revolucionarni svet počivaju u njegovim proznim delima iz 60-ih godina – gde se junaci celuloidnog Čarobnjaka iz Oza preobražavaju u stvarne „čarobnjake iz Ozne“, gde se i Rusi (beli, kao i cr venoarmejci) u detinjem poimanju javljaju u vidu posebnog zanata... A kada nas u neponovljivi univerzum Žana Vigoa (posebno onaj Nu le iz vlada nja) uvede aforizmom – „Svet je relativno pristojna celina, koja ima svoje kraste, svoje guke, svoje dobro čuvane, vešto skrivene nepodesnosti“ – Ćosić time koncipira i vlasti ti groteskni mehani zam, onaj koji će u punom sjaju proradi ti u Priča ma o za natima (1966), te Ulozi mo je porodice u svetskoj revo luciji (1969). Infantili zam kao oružje u pohodu smehotvornog razgolićenja „pristojne celine“ odraslog sveta – nije li u toj Vigoovoj anarhističkoj drskosti jugoslovenski pisac, prevodilac Majakovskog i Hleb- njikova, našao podstreka i za ostvarenje vlastitih stvaralačkih impulsa? I dok kod Vigoa pomenute kraste i guke niču u pristojnom ambijentu škole (muškog internata), dotle u prozi Bore Ćosića one probijaju na jezičko-stilskoj ravni marljivo parodiranog školskog za- datka. Tako mali junak njegovog pripovednog triptiha3 živi sa ujakom koji „prevrće sve ženske po kući“, sa ocem koji, u doba ratno, „nalazi način da popije što veću količinu otrov- nog alkohola a da mu ne bude ništa“; naj zad, dobija u kući i oslobodioce, koji se okr vavlje- ni vraćaju sa noćnih šihti likvidacije narodnih neprijatelja. Bestidnost, ludilo, brutalnost Ćosićeve velike istorije cepaju nevešto oslikane kulise pristojne celine sveta, katkad još drastičnije, još bezobzirnije negoli nakaznosti i deformiteti obrazovnog sistema kod Vigoa. Kinematograf inspiriše delo Bore Ćosića svojom imaginativnošću, atmosferom, humo- rom i emocijom; ali linearnost, fabula i zaplet, svojstveni filmskom pripovedanju, našem piscu praktično nisu potrebni. On je nedvojbeno opredeljen za nelinearnu, do kraja frag- mentiranu nara ciju u kojoj je gotovo svaka rečenica isečak različi tog vremena. Sklopljeni asocijativno, po tema ma, ćosićev skom montažom atrakcije, ovi su bezbrojni isečci jedna rastrojena celina koja ipak nastavlja da simultano živi u mnogim vremenima, satirično izo- bražavajući rad detinjeg uma kontaminiranog velikom istorijom. I replike Ćosićevih likova 3 Knjiga Zaš to smo se borili (1972), prak tično, izmenjeno i dopunjeno izdanje Priča o zanatima, čini treći deo ove uslovne celine. 58 možemo či tati kao neku vrstu stili zovanih filmskih dijaloga: one se izgovaraju u ima ginar- nom porodičnom sve-trenutku, u kojem su i zdravorazumske kategorije prostora, vremena i kauzalnosti privremeno suspendovane.4 U poetskoj sažetosti i globalnoj metaforičnosti porodičnog sve-trenutka leži i osnovna analogija Ćosićevog proznog triptiha sa fantazmat- skim potencijalima evropskog autorskog filma. Nasuprot prozi 60-ih, Ćosićev postupak u romanu Tutori (1978), i dalje u Bel Tempu (1982) vodi ka razobručenosti, prolifera ciji jezika – a time i ka namernom ukidanju sažetosti i me- taforičnosti srodne kinematografskom principu. Njegova nova poetika mixed-media, sprem- nice, ropotarnice i otpada bliži se u isti mah principu funkcionisanja televizije (danas i logi- ci interneta, kao i društvenih mreža) u kojima se metafora te svaka lirska kondenzovanost praktično ukida, jer sve se odigrava u znaku direktnog prenosa, u beskonačnom sadašnjem trenutku. Filmofilska energija i erudicija Vi dljivog i nevi dljivog čoveka ugrađeni su i u docnije sce- narističke izlete Bore Ćosića: u njegov koscenaristički doprinos, prevashodno u pisanju dijaloga, filmu Desant na Drvar Fadila Hadžića (1963), kao i Danima Aleksandra Petrovića (1963), gde je Ćosić saradnik na scenariju zajedno sa filmologom Duškom Stojanovićem i pesnikom Dušanom Matićem; te u adapta ciji, transponovanju i osavremenjivanju glavnih motiva novele Dvojnik Dostojevskog u ambijentu samoupravne Jugoslavije, u filmu Nepri jatelj Živojina Pavlovića (1965). Ćosić je potpisan i kao jedan od koscenarista u filmskoj adap ta ciji vlasti tog romana, no čini se da njegov interes za filmski medij tada već jenjava. U filmu Uloga mo je porodice u svetskoj revoluciji Bate Čengića (1971) jezički kvali teti knjige, pa i replike likova mahom su zamenjeni pop-artističkim vizuelnim atrakcijama, uz jake pri- mese mjuzikla, rok operete i političkog teatra. U ovom delu neujednačenog kvaliteta i danas najubedljivije deluje ingeniozna dosetka koscenariste Branka Vučićevića:5 prizor u kojem ukućani i oslobodioci zajedno jedu tortu u obliku Staljinove glave. „Či tava moja fa- milija u BV-jevskoj obradi, pokazuje se ne samo u svetlu kanibalsko-edipskom (jer jedu oca čovečanstva), nego i u sferi erotike kuhinje“, protumačiće mnogo kasnije Ćosić ovu scenu, u svom sećanju na Vučićevića.6 Uloga Bore Ćosića u jugo slovenskoj kinematografiji, neposredna i posredna, veća je nego što bi se na pr vi pogled moglo pretpostavi ti. O „boraćosićevskom raju malih stvari“, tom „raju prizemnog Beograda“ piše Raša Popov povodom Ljubavnog slučaja Makavejeva.7 4 Ovo nas može asocirati na dela Alena Renea ili Alena Rob Grijea; a u domaćem filmu na kubističke scene i dijaloge iz „ratne tetralogije“ Puriše Đorđe vića. 5 Kada smo na 20. Festivalu autorskog filma pripremali retrospek tivu Branka Vučiće vića, jedan od nje- govih uslova bio je da ne prikažemo Čengiće vu Ulogu moje porodice, film od koga se kao koscenarista još ranije ogradio – smatrao je da je umesto spek takularnog pristupa koji je reditelj sproveo, film tre- balo uraditi što svedenije, minimali stič ki. 6 Iz tek sta Bore Ćosića „Roman o Vučiće viću“, ob javljenog u zagrebač kom časopi su Gordogan, #33–34, zima–jesen 2016. 7 U nadahnutom eseju R. Popova „Imago Makavejev“, objavljenom u zborniku Makavejev: 300 čuda. Umetnič ki odnos Ćosić–Makavejev sigurno je dvosmeran, o tome svedoči i Ćosićev tekst „Stvarnost u filmu Dušana Makavejeva“ (Polja, maj 1966). Posebno je znača jan raskorak na ko ji autor ovde ukazu je, između Makove odanosti novom životu u jugosloven skom komunizmu i „analiziranja krastica ko je su se po njemu nahva tale“ u filmu Čo vek ni je tica. Ali posto ji tu još nešto zanimljivije iz današnje perspek- 59 A infantilno-satirična perspektiva koju Sidran i Kusturica primenjuju u Ocu na službe nom putu (1985) mnogo toga duguje vizuri junaka Uloge moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji – do- voljno je uporedi ti način prenošenja iskaza iz „odraslog“, istorijskog sveta, njihovo cinično prelamanje u edenskoj nepatvorenosti detinjeg univerzuma. Sa primetnim zakašnjenjem slična perspekti va varira i u Mar kovićevom filmu Tito i ja (1992). Sa superiornim selinovskim cini zmom ona je preoblikovana u priči o odrastanju dvojice kriminala ca tokom Miloševi- ćeve ere rata i izola cije u Ra na ma Srđana Dra gojevića (1998). Zasebno bi se mogao anali- zirati i posredni Ćosićev uticaj na kultno Grlićevo ostvarenje U raljama života (1984) – preko nesumnjivog odjeka romana Tutori u parodijskom korišćenju obraza ca trivijalne li terature u prozi Dubravke Ugrešić...8 Vođen akribijom i istrajnošću sakupljača i klasifikatora, žarom smejača i iz rugivača, ali i nepredvidivom zaumnošću pesnika – Bora Ćosić ostaje vidljivi i nevidljivi sudeonik jugoslovenskog i post-jugoslovenskog filma. Bora Ćosić (Zagreb, 5. april 1932) srpski i hrvatski je romanopisac esejista i prevodilac.[1] Rođen 1932. u Zagrebu, živeo je u Beogradu od 1937. do 1992, kada je prešao u Berlin. Napisao je oko 50 knjiga, kao i nekoliko pozorišnih drama, koje su sa velikim uspehom igrane u beogradskom Ateljeu 212. Za roman `Uloga moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji` dobio je za 1970. godine (za 1969) NIN-ovu nagradu za roman godine.[2] Biografija Bora Ćosić, rođen 1932. u Zagrebu, 1937. sa porodicom preseljen u Beograd. Tu je završio srednju školu u Prvoj muškoj gimnaziji, studirao na odseku filozofije Beogradskog univerziteta. U mladosti je prevodio ruske futurističke pesnike, uređivao je list `Mlada kultura` 1952, reviju `Danas` 1961-1963,[1] časopis `Rok` 1969-1970. Radio je kao dramaturg i umetnički savetnik u filmskim preduzećima `Slavija`, 1958-1959, i `Avala`, 1962-1963. Sarađivao je na dokumentarnim filmovima, pisao dijalog za igrane filmove. Tokom boravka po Evropi, pored celovitih knjiga objavio je više stotina tekstova po novinama i časopisima Nemačke, Austrije, Švajcarske, Italije, Holandije, Mađarske, Rumunije, Rusije, Poljske, Albanije. Učestvovao je na više od dve stotine čitanja u nekoliko evropskih zemalja. Dao više od stotinu intervjua za različita glasila, štampu, radio i televiziju. Učestvovao na književnim konferencijama, festivalima, simpozijumima, međunarodnim sastancima i kongresima.[3] Književno stvaralaštvo Karijeru pisca započinje romanom Kuća lopova iz 1956. godine te zatim objavljuje knjige eseja Vidljivi i nevidljivi čovek, 1962, Sodoma i Gomora, 1963. godine. Autor je kultnog romana novije srpske proze, Uloga moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji, 1969, smestenom u ratnom i posleratnom Beogradu. Ćosić je istovremeno naslednik srednjeevropske prozne tradicije intelektualnog esejizma, kao i jedan od poslednjih intelektualaca koji se emocionalno iskreno identifikovao sa jugoslovenskom himerom, s mešavinom elegičnosti i mučnog preispitivanja nakon njenog raspada. Po tom romanu je snimljen i istoimeni film. Raspad Jugoslavije odveo je pisca u dobrovoljno izgnanstvo (najčešće boravi u Rovinju i Berlinu, dok objavljuje u Hrvatskoj).[4] Taj deo njegovog stvaralaštva je obeležen uglavnom esejističkim delima, među kojima se ističu Dnevnik apatrida, 1993, (opet jedno poigravanje s fiktivnim identitetom preko kojeg Ćosić iznosi stavove o savremenoj drustvenopolitičkoj stvarnosti), Dobra vladavina, 1995, te Carinska deklaracija, 2000, poluautobiografski tekst natopljen promišljanjima o propalim južnobalkanskim ogledima i autorovim pomešanim osećanjima prema toj tvorevini. Napisao je oko 50 knjiga, izdatih u Srbiji, Hrvatskoj i Nemačkoj.[5] Nagrade 1969: NIN-ova nagrada, za roman Uloga moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji.[2] 2002: Nagrada za Evropsko razumevanje, za autobiografski esej Carinska deklaracija.[6] 2008: Nagrada Albatros Zadužbine Gintera Grasa.[7] 2001: Nagrada Stefana Heyma.[8] Dela Nepotpun popis dela: Kuća lopova, 1956. Vidljivi i nevidljivi čovek, 1962. Sodoma i Gomora, 1963. Priče o zanatima, 1966. Uloga moje porodice u svetskoj revoluciji, 1969. Tutori, 1978. Poslovi/sumnje/snovi Miroslava Krleže, 1983. Doktor Krleža, 1988. Rasulo, 1991. Dnevnik apatrida, 1993. Dobra vladavina (i psihopatalogija njenog svakodnevlja), 1995. Carinska deklaracija, 2000. Pogled maloumnog, 2001. Tkanje, 2001. Nulta zemlja, 2002. Irenina soba, (poezija), 2002. Izgnanici, 2005. Consul u Beogradu, 2007. Put na Aljasku, 2008. Zapadno od raja, 2009. Kratko detinjstvo u Agramu, 2011. Doručak kod Majestica, 2011.

Odlično stanje Izdavač: Istraživačko-izdavački centar SSO Srbije, Beograd 1987 Rokenrol (engl. rock `n` roll, skraćeno od rock and roll), često samo rok (engl. rock), muzički je pravac i globalna potkultura. Rok se po prvi put pojavio u SAD pedesetih godina 20. veka.[1][2] Nastao je pod uticajem džeza i, prvenstveno, gitarskog bluza. Najpopularniji je muzički žanr sveta, posebno u Evropi i Severnoj Americi. Rokenrol se nekad koristi kao sinonim za širi pojam rok, ali češće rokenrol označava rane godine žanra tokom pedesetih i šezdesetih 20. veka, dok se kraći naziv rok upotrebljava za sve. Tipični rok sastav se sastoji od pevača, gitare, bas gitare i bubnjeva. Mnoge rok grupe koriste i druge instrumente poput klavijatura, daira, usne harmonike i sl. Izraz rokati (engl. rocking) prvi su upotrebili crkveni pevači na američkom jugu, a značio je „osetiti versko ushićenje”. Međutim, 1940-ih izraz je imao dvojako značenje: plesati, podrazumevajući snošaj. Dobar primer ovoga je pesma Roj Brauna Good Rocking Tonight (dosl. dobro rokanje noćas). Rok muzika je imala ogroman društveni i kulturni uticaj na svet. Kao kulturni fenomen, rock muzika je na svet uticala kao nijedna druga. Popularna je širom sveta i razvila se u veliko mnoštvo vrlo različitih stilova. Sam pojam može da označava nekoliko različitih stvari. Ponekad se upotrebljava kao naziv za niz stilova zapadne popularne muzike, poput teškog metala, pop muzike, i hip hopa, a ponekad se upotrebljava kao naziv za poseban izvorni pokret pedesetih godina. Najčešće, pojam označava taj izvorni pokret i razne stilove koje su nastali direktno od njega (bez hip hopa, pop muzike, itd). Karakteristike[uredi | uredi izvor] Red hot čili pepers Zvuk kamena je tradicionalno usmeren na električnoj gitari, koja se pojavila u svom modernom obliku 1950-ih uz popularizaciju rokenrola.[3] Zvuk električne gitare u rok muzici obično podržava električna bas gitara, koja je bila pionir u džez muzici istoga doba,[4] i udaraljke u kojima vladavaju bubnjevi, uz koje se ponekad pojavljuju i činele.[5] Ovaj trio instrumenata često se nadopunjava uključivanjem klavira, hemonda i sintisajzera.[6] Grupa muzičara koja interpretira rok muziku naziva se rok bend i sastoji se najčešće od dva do pet članova. Klasično, rok bend poprima oblik kvarteta čiji članovi pokrivaju jednu ili više uloga, uključujući i pevača, gitaristu, ritam gitaristu, bas gitaristu, bubnjara i često klavijaturistu ili drugog instrumentalistu.[7] Rok muzika tradicionalno je izgrađena na temeljima jednostavnih četverodobnih ritmova s udarcem bubnja - Backbeat.[8] Melodije su često izvedene iz starijih muzičkih načina kao Dorian mode ili miksolidijski, uglavnom tonalitetima violinskog ključa.[8] Instrumenti sviraju višeglasno, a harmonije su popunjene kvartama, kvintama i disonantnim harmonijskim progresijama.[8] Rok pesme iz sredine 1960-ih su često korištene u Verse-chorus strukturi, koja potiče iz bluza i folk muzike, ali došlo je do značajne razlike od ovog modela.[9] Kritičari su naglasili eklekticizam i stilsku raznovrsnost.[10] Zbog svoje složene istorije i sklonosti posuđivanja muzičkih elemenata iz drugih muzičkih i kulturnih obrazaca kritičari su tvrdili da je „nemoguće vezati rok muziku za kruto naznačenu muzičku definiciju“.[11] Jednostavan 4/4 rok ritam za bubnjeve O ovoj zvučnoj datoteci Play (pomoć·info) Za razliku od mnogih ranijih stilova popularne muzike, teme rok pesama su vrlo širokog spektra. Tako se u tekstovima rok pesama nalaze društvo, neuzvraćena ljubav, seks, pobune protiv vlasti, sport, piće, droga, novac, socijalna pitanja i sl.[8] Neke od ovih tema rokeri su nasledili iz starijeg popa, džeza i bluza, a neke teme se prvi put pojavljuju u tekstovima pesama.[12] Robert Kristgau je rok muziku nazvao „hladnim medijom“ s jednostavnom dikcijom i ponavljanjem refrena, a tvrdi da se primarna funkcija roka odnosi na muziku, ili uopštenije šum.[13] Prevlast belih muškaraca i često muzičara srednje klase u rok muzici se često navodi i uvek je „vruće pitanje“ u medijima.[14] Ipak, i u roku su se kasnije probili i crni muzičari, osvajajući najčešće mladu belačku publiku.[15] Najčešće pevaju o mafiji, problemima siromaštva i neravnopravnosti.[16] Razvoj rokenrola[uredi | uredi izvor] Alan Frid Elvis Presli 1956. Bil Heli i Komete Rokenrol se prvi put pojavljuje kao poseban stil u Americi tokom ranih pedesetih godina 20. veka, iako se delovi rokenrola mogu čuti u ritam i bluz izdanjima iz dvadesetih godina 20. veka. Rani rokenrol je uskladio delove bluza, bugi-vugija, džeza i RnBa, a takođe je imao elemente folklorne, crkvene i kantri muzike. Neki čak smatraju da je rokenrol utemeljen na muzici naselja Fajv Points u Njujorku, tokom sredine 20. veka. Stanovnici Fajv Pointsa su prvi spojili afričku i evropsku, naročito irsku, muziku. Pesme ovog žanra puštane su samo na radio-stanicama posvećenim RnBu, a belci su vrlo retko čuli tu muziku na poznatim radio-stanicama. Godine 1951, klivlendski di-džej Alan Frid je počeo svirati tu vrstu muzike za belu publiku. Frid je prvi izumeo izraz `rock and roll` da opiše ovaj stil RnB muzike. Rokenrol pravac se, za razliku od improvizacije bluza, džeza i soula, vratio klasičnom muzičkom obliku, ali sa mnogo tvrđim i energičnijim zvukom koji je vrlo brzo osvojio ceo svet. Jedna od prvih rokenrol pesama je Čak Berijeva Džoni Bi Gud (engl. Johnny B. Goode). Njega mnogi smatraju za rodonačelnika roka, ali pošto tadašnjoj muzičkoj industriji nije odgovarao kao crnac i stariji čovek, u prvi plan je izbačen Elvis Presli, koji je uskoro postao prva rok zvezda - kralj rokenrola (engl. The King). Godine 1954, Elvis Presli snima lokalni hit `That`s All Right Mama` u Sem Filipsovom studiju San u Memfisu. Elvis je svirao fuziju roka i kantri muzike, poznate kao rokabili. Međutim, pravi uspon roka je započela pesma `Rock Around the Clock` sastava “Bill Haley & His Comets” iz sledeće godine. Posle Elvisa, kada je već rok ritam zahvatio ceo svet, javljaju se bendovi kao što su Bitlsi, Rolingstons i ostali. U to vreme se javlja rok scena i na prostorima bivše Jugoslavije. Prvi bendovi kao što su Zlatni prsti ostvaruju velik uspeh, ali sve to postaje značajnije tek sa pojavom većih bendova kao što su Bijelo dugme, Smak, Ju grupa, itd. Međutim pravo širenje rokenrola i njegovo zlatno doba počinje sa dolaskom grupa poput Azre, Riblje čorbe, Zabranjenog Pušenja, EKV i drugih. Rokenrol žanrovi[uredi | uredi izvor] Muzički žanrovi koji su se razvili iz roka: Progresivni rok (Progressive Rock) Alternativni rok (Alternative Rock) Hevi metal (Heavy Metal) Pank rok (Punk Rock) Podžanrovi roka[uredi | uredi izvor] Detroitski rok Garažni rok Glam rok Grandž rok Hartlend rok Instrumentalni rok Južnjački rok Soft rok Post rok Pab rok Pustinjski rok Psihodelični rok Simfonijski rok Surf muzika Hard rok Indi rok Fuzijski žanrovi[uredi | uredi izvor] Bluz rok Kantri rok Čelo rok Flamenko rok Folk rok Džez rok Raga rok Samba rok Starosedelački rok Tango-rokero Garažni rok[uredi | uredi izvor] Glavni članak: Garažni rok Garažni rok je bila sirova forma rok muzike, posebno prevalentna u Severnoj Americi sredinom 1960-ih. Tako je nazvana zbog percepcije da je bila uvežbana u prigradskoj porodičnoj garaži.[17][18] Pesme garažnog roka su se bavile traumama srednjoškolskog života, pri čemu su pesme o „devojkama koje lažu“ bile posebno česte.[19] Lirika i obrada su bile agresivnije od onog što je bilo uobičajeno u to vreme, često sa režećim ili derućim vokalom koji je utopljen u inkoherentno vrištanje.[17] Oni su se kretali od grube jednoakordne muzike (poput Sedsa) do muzičara skoro studijskog kvaliteta (uključujući Nikerbokers, Rimejns i Fift Istjet). Takođe su postojale regionalne varijacije u mnogim delovima zemlje sa prosperitetnim scenama posebno u Kaliforniji i Teksasu.[19] Države pacifičkog severozapada su verovatno imale najbonje definisani regionalni zvuk.[20] Stil je evoluirao polazeći od regionalnih scena još od 1958. „„Tall Cool One““ (1959) grupe Vejleri i „Louie Louie“ (1963) grupe Kingsmen . su dobri primeri žanra u svojim formativnim fazama.[21] Do 1963, singlovi garažnih grupa su počeli da dosežu nacionalne liste u većem broju, uključujući Pol River end Rejders (Bojsi),[22] Trašmen (Mineapolis)[23] i Rivijeras (Saut Bend, Indijana).[24] Druge uticajne garažne grupe, poput Soniksa (Takoma), nisu dostigle Bilbord hot 100.[25] U tom ranom periodu mnoge grupe su bile pod jakim uticajem surf roka i dolazilo je do razmena između garažnog roka i frat roka, na šta se ponekad gleda kao na samo podžanr garažnog roka.[26] Britanska invazija 1964–66 je imala jak uticaj na garažne grupe, pružajući im nacionalnu publiku, stimulišući mnoge (često surf ili hot rod grupe) da adaptiraju britanski uticaj, i ohrabrujući formiranje mnogih grupa.[19] Hiljade garažnih grupa je postojalo u SAD i Kanadi tokom te ere i stotine su proizvele regionalne hitove.[19] Primer su: „The Witch“ takomskih Soniksa (1965), „Where You Gonna Go“ detroitske grupe Anrelajted segments (1967), „Girl I Got News for You“ majamske grupe Birdvočers (1966) i „1–2–5“ grupe iz Montreala Honted. Uprkos toga što je veliki broj grupa potpisao ugovore sa velikim ili regionalnim produkcijkim kompanijama, većina njih nije doživela komercijalni uspeh. Generalno se smatra da je garažni rok doživeo svoj komercijalni i umetnički vrhunac oko 1966.[19] Do 1968. ovaj stil je uglavnom nestao sa nacionalnih listi i lokalnog nivoa, dok su se amaterski muzičari suočavali sa fakultetskim obrazovanjem, poslom i regrutacijom.[19] Novi stilovi su evoluirali i zamenili garažni rok (uključujući bluz rok, progresivni rok i kantri rok).[19] U Detroitu je tradicija garažnog roka preživela do ranih 1970-ih, sa grupama poput MC5 i Studžes, koje su koristile znatno agresivniji pristup formi. Te grupe su počele da se nazivaju pank rokom i danas se na njih često gleda kao proto-pank ili proto-hard rok.[27]

Odlično Nil Jang Biografija Neil Percival Young OC OM[1][2] (born November 12, 1945) is a Canadian and American[3] singer and songwriter. After embarking on a music career in Winnipeg in the 1960s, Young moved to Los Angeles, joining the folk-rock group Buffalo Springfield. Since the beginning of his solo career, often with backing by the band Crazy Horse, he has released critically acclaimed albums such as Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (1969), After the Gold Rush (1970), Harvest (1972), On the Beach (1974), and Rust Never Sleeps (1979). He was also a part-time member of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, with whom he recorded the chart-topping 1970 album Déjà Vu. His guitar work, deeply personal lyrics[4][5][6] and signature high tenor singing voice[7][8] define his long career. Young also plays piano and harmonica on many albums, which frequently combine folk, rock, country and other musical genres. His often distorted electric guitar playing, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname `Godfather of Grunge`[9] and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently he has been backed by Promise of the Real.[10] Young directed (or co-directed) films using the pseudonym `Bernard Shakey`, including Journey Through the Past (1973), Rust Never Sleeps (1979), Human Highway (1982), Greendale (2003), CSNY/Déjà Vu (2008), and Harvest Time (2022). He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia (1993) and Dead Man (1995). Young has received several Grammy and Juno Awards. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice: in 1995 as a solo artist and in 1997 as a member of Buffalo Springfield.[11] In 2023, Rolling Stone named Young No. 30 on their list of 250 greatest guitarists of all time.[12] Young is also on Rolling Stone`s list of the 100 greatest musical artists. 21 of his albums and singles have been certified Gold and Platinum in U.S. by RIAA certification.[13] Young was awarded the Order of Manitoba in 2006[2] and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2009.[1] Early life (1945–1963)[edit] Neil Young[14] was born on November 12, 1945, in Toronto, Canada.[15][16] His father, Scott Alexander Young (1918–2005), was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction.[17] His mother, Edna Blow Ragland `Rassy` Young (1918–1990) was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution.[18] Although Canadian, his mother had American and French ancestry.[19] Young`s parents married in 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and moved to Toronto shortly thereafter where their first son, Robert `Bob` Young, was born in 1942. Shortly after Young`s birth in 1945, the family moved to rural Omemee, Ontario, which Young later described fondly as a `sleepy little place`.[20] Young contracted polio in the late summer of 1951 during the last major outbreak of the disease in Ontario, and as a result, became partially paralyzed on his left side.[21] After the conclusion of his hospitalization, the Young family wintered in Florida, whose milder weather they believed would help Neil`s convalescence.[22] During that period, Young briefly attended Faulkner Elementary School in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. In 1952, upon returning to Canada, Young moved from Omemee to Pickering (1956), and lived for a year in Winnipeg (where he would later return), before relocating to Toronto (1957–1960). While in Toronto, Young briefly attended Lawrence Park Collegiate Institute as a first year student in 1959.[23] It is rumoured that he was expelled for riding a motorcycle down the hall of the school.[24] Young became interested in popular music he heard on the radio.[25] When Young was twelve, his father, who had had several extramarital affairs, left his mother. She asked for a divorce, which was granted in 1960.[26] She moved back to Winnipeg and Young went to live with her there, while his brother Bob stayed with their father in Toronto.[27] During the mid-1950s, Young listened to rock `n roll, rockabilly, doo-wop, R&B, country, and western pop. He idolized Elvis Presley and later referred to him in a number of his songs.[28] Other early musical influences included Link Wray,[29] Lonnie Mack,[30] Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs, The Ventures, Cliff Richard and the Shadows,[31] Chuck Berry, Hank Marvin, Little Richard, Fats Domino, The Chantels, The Monotones, Ronnie Self, the Fleetwoods, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison and Gogi Grant.[32] Young began to play music himself on a plastic ukulele, before, as he would later relate, going on to `a better ukulele to a banjo ukulele to a baritone ukulele – everything but a guitar.`[33] Career[edit] Early career (1963–1966)[edit] Young and his mother settled into the working-class area of Fort Rouge, Winnipeg, where he enrolled at Earl Grey Junior High School. It was there that he formed his first band, the Jades, and met Ken Koblun. While attending Kelvin High School in Winnipeg, he played in several instrumental rock bands, eventually dropping out of school in favour of a musical career.[34] Young`s first stable band was the Squires, with Ken Koblun, Jeff Wuckert and Bill Edmondson on drums, who had a local hit called `The Sultan`. Over a three-year period the band played hundreds of shows at community centres, dance halls, clubs and schools in Winnipeg and other parts of Manitoba. The band also played in Fort William (now part of the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario), where they recorded a series of demos produced by a local producer, Ray Dee, whom Young called `the original Briggs,` referring to his later producer David Briggs.[35] While playing at The Flamingo, Young met Stephen Stills, whose band The Company was playing the same venue, and they became friends.[36] The Squires primarily performed in Winnipeg and rural Manitoba in towns such as Selkirk, Neepawa, Brandon and Giroux (near Steinbach), with a few shows in northern Ontario.[37] After leaving the Squires, Young worked folk clubs in Winnipeg, where he first met Joni Mitchell.[38] Mitchell recalls Young as having been highly influenced by Bob Dylan at the time.[39] Young said Phil Ochs was `a big influence on me,` telling a radio station in 1969 that Ochs was `on the same level with Dylan in my eyes.`[40] Here he wrote some of his earliest and most enduring folk songs such as `Sugar Mountain`, about lost youth. Mitchell wrote `The Circle Game` in response.[41] The Winnipeg band The Guess Who (with Randy Bachman as lead guitarist) had a Canadian Top 40 hit with Young`s `Flying on the Ground is Wrong`, which was Young`s first major success as a songwriter.[42] In 1965, Young toured Canada as a solo artist. In 1966, while in Toronto, he joined the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds. The band managed to secure a record deal with the Motown label, but as their first album was being recorded, James was arrested for being AWOL from the Navy Reserve.[43] After the Mynah Birds disbanded, Young and the bass player Bruce Palmer decided to pawn the group`s musical equipment and buy a Pontiac hearse, which they used to relocate to Los Angeles.[44] Young admitted in a 2009 interview that he was in the United States illegally until he received a `green card` (permanent residency permit) in 1970.[45] Buffalo Springfield (1966–1968)[edit] Main article: Buffalo Springfield Once they reached Los Angeles, Young and Palmer met up with Stephen Stills and Richie Furay after a chance encounter in traffic on Sunset Boulevard.[44] Along with Dewey Martin, they formed Buffalo Springfield. A mixture of folk, country, psychedelia, and rock, lent a hard edge by the twin lead guitars of Stills and Young, made Buffalo Springfield a critical success, and their first record Buffalo Springfield (1966) sold well after Stills` topical song `For What It`s Worth` became a hit, aided by Young`s melodic harmonics played on electric guitar. According to Rolling Stone, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and other sources, Buffalo Springfield helped create the genres of folk rock and country rock.[46][47] Distrust of their management, as well as the arrest and deportation of Palmer, worsened the already strained relations among the group members and led to Buffalo Springfield`s demise. A second album, Buffalo Springfield Again, was released in late 1967, but two of Young`s three contributions were solo tracks recorded apart from the rest of the group. From that album, `Mr. Soul` was the only Young song of the three that all five members of the group performed together.[citation needed] In May 1968, the band split up for good, but to fulfill a contractual obligation, a final studio album, Last Time Around, was released. Young contributed the songs `On the Way Home` and `I Am a Child`, singing lead on the latter.[citation needed] In 1997, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; Young did not appear at the ceremony, writing in a letter to the Hall that their presentation, which was aired on VH1, `has nothing to do with the spirit of Rock and Roll. It has everything to do with making money.`[48] Young played as a studio session guitarist for some 1968 recordings by The Monkees which appeared on the Head and Instant Replay albums.[49] Going solo, Crazy Horse (1968–1969)[edit] Main article: Crazy Horse (band) After the breakup of Buffalo Springfield, Young signed a solo deal with Reprise Records, home of his colleague and friend Joni Mitchell, with whom he shared a manager, Elliot Roberts. Roberts managed Young until Roberts` death in 2019. Young and Roberts immediately began work on Young`s first solo record, Neil Young (January 22, 1969),[50] which received mixed reviews. In a 1970 interview,[51] Young deprecated the album as being `overdubbed rather than played.` For his next album, Young recruited three musicians from a band called the Rockets: Danny Whitten on guitar, Billy Talbot on bass guitar, and Ralph Molina on drums. These three took the name Crazy Horse (after the historical figure of the same name), and Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (May 1969) is credited to `Neil Young with Crazy Horse`. Recorded in just two weeks, the album includes `Cinnamon Girl`, `Cowgirl in the Sand`, and `Down by the River`. Young reportedly wrote all three songs in bed on the same day while nursing a high fever of 39 °C (102 °F).[52] Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young (1969–1970)[edit] Main article: Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young Shortly after the release of Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, Young reunited with Stephen Stills by joining Crosby, Stills & Nash, who had already released one album Crosby, Stills & Nash as a trio in May 1969. Young was originally offered a position as a sideman, but agreed to join only if he received full membership, and the group – winners of the 1969 Best New Artist Grammy Award – was renamed Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young.[53] The quartet debuted in Chicago on August 16, 1969, and later performed at the famous Woodstock Festival, during which Young skipped the majority of the acoustic set and refused to be filmed during the electric set, even telling the cameramen: `One of you fuckin` guys comes near me and I`m gonna fuckin` hit you with my guitar`.[54] During the making of their first album, Déjà Vu (March 11, 1970), the musicians frequently argued, particularly Young and Stills, who both fought for control. Stills continued throughout their lifelong relationship to criticize Young, saying that he `wanted to play folk music in a rock band.`[55] Despite the tension, Young`s tenure with CSNY coincided with the band`s most creative and successful period, and greatly contributed to his subsequent success as a solo artist.[citation needed] Young wrote `Ohio` following the Kent State massacre on May 4, 1970. The song was quickly recorded by CSNY and immediately released as a single, even though CSNY`s `Teach Your Children` was still climbing the singles charts.[citation needed] After the Gold Rush, acoustic tour and Harvest (1970–1972)[edit] Later in the year, Young released his third solo album, After the Gold Rush (August 31, 1970), which featured, among others, Nils Lofgren, Stephen Stills, and CSNY bassist Greg Reeves. Young also recorded some tracks with Crazy Horse, but dismissed them early in the sessions. The eventual recording was less amplified than Everybody Knows This is Nowhere, with a wider range of sounds. Young`s newfound fame with CSNY made the album his commercial breakthrough as a solo artist, and it contains some of his best known work, including `Tell Me Why` and `Don`t Let It Bring You Down`; the singles `Only Love Can Break Your Heart` and `When You Dance I Can Really Love`; and the title track, `After the Gold Rush`, played on piano, with dreamlike lyrics that ran a gamut of subjects from drugs and interpersonal relationships to environmental concerns. Young`s bitter condemnation of racism in the heavy blues-rock song `Southern Man` (along with a later song entitled `Alabama`) was also controversial with southerners in an era of desegregation, prompting Lynyrd Skynyrd to decry Young by name in the lyrics to their hit `Sweet Home Alabama`. However, Young said he was a fan of Skynyrd`s music, and the band`s front man Ronnie Van Zant was later photographed wearing a Tonight`s the Night T-shirt on the cover of an album.[1] Young in the 1970s In the autumn of 1970, Young began a solo acoustic tour of North America, during which he played a variety of his Buffalo Springfield and CSNY songs on guitar and piano, along with material from his solo albums and a number of new songs. Some songs premiered by Young on the tour, like `Journey through the Past`, would never find a home on a studio album, while other songs, like `See the Sky About to Rain`, would only be released in coming years. Many gigs were sold out, including concerts at Carnegie Hall and a pair of acclaimed hometown shows at Toronto`s Massey Hall, which were taped for a planned live album. The shows became legendary among Young fans, and the recordings were officially released nearly 40 years later as an official bootleg in Young`s Archive series.[citation needed] Near the end of his tour, Young performed one of the new acoustic songs on the Johnny Cash TV show. `The Needle and the Damage Done`, a somber lament on the pain caused by heroin addiction, had been inspired in part by Crazy Horse member Danny Whitten, who eventually died while battling his drug problems.[56][57] While in Nashville for the Cash taping, Young accepted the invitation of Quadrafonic Sound Studios owner Elliot Mazer to record tracks there with a group of country-music session musicians who were pulled together at the last minute. Making a connection with them, he christened them The Stray Gators, and began playing with them. Befitting the immediacy of the project, Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor were brought in from the Cash taping to do background vocals. Against the advice of his producer David Briggs, he scrapped plans for the imminent release[58] of the live acoustic recording in favor of a studio album consisting of the Nashville sessions, electric-guitar oriented sessions recorded later in his barn, and two recordings made with the London Symphony Orchestra at Barking (credited as Barking Town Hall and now the Broadway Theatre) during March 1971.[59] The result was Young`s fourth album, Harvest (February 14, 1972), which was also the best selling album of 1972 in the US.[60] After his success with CSNY, Young purchased a ranch in the rural hills above Woodside and Redwood City in Northern California (`Broken Arrow Ranch`, where he lived until his divorce in 2014).[61] He wrote the song `Old Man` in honor of the land`s longtime caretaker, Louis Avila. The song `A Man Needs a Maid` was inspired by his relationship with actress Carrie Snodgress. `Heart of Gold` was released as the first single from Harvest, the only No. 1 hit in his career.[62] `Old Man` was also popular, reaching No. 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, marking Young`s third and final appearance in the chart`s Top 40 as a solo artist.[62] The album`s recording had been almost accidental. Its mainstream success caught Young off guard, and his first instinct was to back away from stardom. In the Decade (1977) compilation, Young chose to include his greatest hits from the period, but his handwritten liner notes famously described `Heart of Gold` as the song that `put me in the middle of the road. Traveling there soon became a bore, so I headed for the ditch. A rougher ride but I saw more interesting people there.`[63] The `Ditch` Trilogy and personal struggles (1972–1974)[edit] Although a new tour with The Stray Gators (now augmented by Danny Whitten) had been planned to follow up on the success of Harvest, it became apparent during rehearsals that Whitten could not function due to drug abuse. On November 18, 1972, shortly after he was fired from the tour preparations, Whitten was found dead of an apparent alcohol/diazepam overdose. Young described the incident to Rolling Stone`s Cameron Crowe in 1975: `[We] were rehearsing with him and he just couldn`t cut it. He couldn`t remember anything. He was too out of it. Too far gone. I had to tell him to go back to L.A. `It`s not happening, man. You`re not together enough.` He just said, `I`ve got nowhere else to go, man. How am I gonna tell my friends?` And he split. That night the coroner called me from L.A. and told me he`d OD`d. That blew my mind. I loved Danny. I felt responsible. And from there, I had to go right out on this huge tour of huge arenas. I was very nervous and ... insecure.`[45] On the tour, Young struggled with his voice and the performance of drummer Kenny Buttrey, a noted Nashville session musician who was unaccustomed to performing in the hard rock milieu; Buttrey was eventually replaced by former CSNY drummer Johnny Barbata, while David Crosby and Graham Nash contributed rhythm guitar and backing vocals to the final dates of the tour. The album assembled in the aftermath of this incident, Time Fades Away (October 15, 1973), has often been described by Young as `[his] least favorite record`, and was not officially released on CD until 2017 (as part of Young`s Official Release Series). Nevertheless, Young and his band tried several new musical approaches in this period. Time Fades Away, for instance, was recorded live, although it was an album of new material, an approach Young would repeat with more success later on. Time was the first of three consecutive commercial failures which would later become known collectively to fans as the `Ditch Trilogy`, as contrasted with the more middle-of-the-road pop of Harvest.[64] - Young in Austin, Texas, on November 9, 1976 In the second half of 1973, Young formed The Santa Monica Flyers, with Crazy Horse`s rhythm section augmented by Nils Lofgren on guitar and piano and Harvest/Time Fades Away veteran Ben Keith on pedal steel guitar. Deeply affected by the drug-induced deaths of Whitten and roadie Bruce Berry, Young recorded an album specifically inspired by the incidents, Tonight`s the Night (June 20, 1975). The album`s dark tone and rawness led Reprise to delay its release and Young had to pressure them for two years before they would do so.[65] While his record company was stalling, Young recorded another album, On the Beach (July 16, 1974), which presented a more melodic, acoustic sound at times, including a recording of the older song `See the Sky About to Rain`, but dealt with similarly dark themes such as the collapse of 1960s folk ideals, the downside of success and the underbelly of the Californian lifestyle. Like Time Fades Away, it sold poorly but eventually became a critical favorite, presenting some of Young`s most original work. A review of the 2003 re-release on CD of On the Beach described the music as `mesmerizing, harrowing, lucid, and bleary`.[66] After completing On the Beach, Young reunited with Harvest producer Elliot Mazer to record another acoustic album, Homegrown. Most of the songs were written after Young`s breakup with Carrie Snodgress, and thus the tone of the album was somewhat dark. Though Homegrown was reportedly entirely complete, Young decided, not for the first or last time in his career, to drop it and release something else instead, in this case, Tonight`s the Night, at the suggestion of Band bassist Rick Danko.[67] Young further explained his move by saying: `It was a little too personal ... it scared me`.[67] Most of the songs from Homegrown were later incorporated into other Young albums while the original album was not released until 2020. Tonight`s the Night, when finally released in 1975, sold poorly, as had the previous albums of the `ditch` trilogy, and received mixed reviews at the time, but is now regarded as a landmark album. In Young`s own opinion, it was the closest he ever came to art.[68] Reunions, retrospectives and Rust Never Sleeps (1974–1979)[edit] Young reunited with Crosby, Stills, and Nash after a four-year hiatus in the summer of 1974 for a concert tour which was partially recorded; highlights were ultimately released in 2014 as CSNY 1974. It was one of the first ever stadium tours, and the largest tour in which Young has participated to date.[69] In 1975, Young reformed Crazy Horse with Frank Sampedro on guitar as his backup band for his eighth album, Zuma (November 10, 1975). Many of the songs dealt with the theme of failed relationships; `Cortez the Killer`, a retelling of the Spanish conquest of Mexico from the viewpoint of the Aztecs, may also be heard as an allegory of love lost. Zuma`s closing track, `Through My Sails`, was the only released fragment from aborted sessions with Crosby, Stills and Nash for another group album.[citation needed] In 1976, Young reunited with Stephen Stills for the album Long May You Run (September 20, 1976), credited to The Stills-Young Band; the follow-up tour was ended midway through by Young, who sent Stills a telegram that read: `Funny how some things that start spontaneously end that way. Eat a peach, Neil.`[70] The Last Waltz, Young (center on left microphone) performing with Bob Dylan and The Band, among others in 1976 In 1976, Young performed with Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, and numerous other rock musicians in the high-profile all-star concert The Last Waltz, the final performance by The Band. The release of Martin Scorsese`s movie of the concert was delayed while Scorsese unwillingly re-edited it to obscure the lump of cocaine that was clearly visible hanging from Young`s nose during his performance of `Helpless`.[71] American Stars `n Bars (June 13, 1977) contained two songs originally recorded for the Homegrown album, `Homegrown` and `Star of Bethlehem`, as well as newer material, including the future concert staple `Like a Hurricane`. Performers on the record included Linda Ronstadt, Emmylou Harris and Young protégé Nicolette Larson along with Crazy Horse. In 1977, Young also released the compilation Decade, a personally selected set of songs spanning every aspect of his work, including a handful of previously unreleased songs. The record included less commercial album tracks alongside radio hits.[citation needed] In June 1977 Young joined with Jeff Blackburn, Bob Mosley and John Craviotto (who later founded Craviotto drums) to form a band called The Ducks. Over a 7-week period the band performed 22 shows in Santa Cruz CA but were not allowed to appear beyond city limits due to Young`s Crazy Horse contract. In April 2023 Young officially released a double album of songs culled from the band`s performances at multiple venues as well as from sessions at a local recording studio. The double album was part of the Neil Young Archives project positioned within the Official Bootleg Series, titled High Flyin`. Comes a Time (October 2, 1978), Young`s first entirely new solo recording since the mid-1970s, marked a return to the commercially accessible, Nashville-inspired sound of Harvest while also featuring contributions from Larson and Crazy Horse. The album also marked a return to his folk roots, as exemplified by a cover of Ian Tyson`s `Four Strong Winds`, a song Young associated with his childhood in Canada. Another of the album`s songs, `Lotta Love`, was also recorded by Larson, with her version reaching No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 in February 1979. In 1978, much of the filming was done for Young`s film Human Highway, which took its name from a song featured on Comes a Time. Over four years, Young would spend US$3,000,000 of his own money on production (US$14,014,286 in 2023 dollars[72]). This also marked the beginning of his brief collaboration with the art punk band Devo, whose members appeared in the film.[73] Young set out in 1978 on the lengthy Rust Never Sleeps tour, in which he played a wealth of new material. Each concert was divided into a solo acoustic set and an electric set with Crazy Horse. The electric sets, featuring an abrasive style of playing, were influenced by the punk rock zeitgeist of the late 1970s and provided a stark contrast from Comes a Time.[74] Two new songs, the acoustic `My My, Hey Hey (Out of the Blue)` and electric `Hey Hey, My My (Into the Black)` were the centerpiece of the new material. During the filming of Human Highway, Young had collaborated with Devo on a cacophonous version of `Hey Hey, My My` at the Different Fur studio in San Francisco and would later introduce the song to Crazy Horse.[75] The lyric `It`s better to burn out than to fade away` was widely quoted by his peers and by critics.[75] The album has also widely been considered a precursor of grunge music with the bands Nirvana and Pearl Jam having cited Young`s heavily distorted and abrasive guitar style on the B side to this album as an inspiration.[76] Young also compared the rise of Johnny Rotten with that of the recently deceased `King` Elvis Presley, who himself had once been disparaged as a dangerous influence only to later become an icon. Rotten returned the favor by playing one of Young`s songs, `Revolution Blues` from On the Beach, on a London radio show, an early sign of Young`s eventual embrace by a number of punk-influenced alternative musicians.[77] Young`s two accompanying albums Rust Never Sleeps (July 2, 1979; new material culled from live recordings, but featuring studio overdubs) and Live Rust (November 19, 1979; a genuine concert recording featuring old and new material) captured the two sides of the concerts, with solo acoustic songs on side A, and fierce, uptempo, electric songs on side B. A movie version of the concerts, also called Rust Never Sleeps (1979), was directed by Young under the pseudonym `Bernard Shakey`. Young worked with rock artist Jim Evans to create the poster art for the film, using the Star Wars Jawas as a theme. Young`s work since Harvest had alternated between being rejected by mass audiences and being seen as backward-looking by critics, sometimes both at once, and now he was suddenly viewed as relevant by a new generation, who began to discover his earlier work. Readers and critics of Rolling Stone voted him Artist of the Year for 1979 (along with The Who), selected Rust Never Sleeps as Album of the Year, and voted him Male Vocalist of the Year as well.[78] The Village Voice named Rust Never Sleeps as the year`s second best album in the Pazz & Jop Poll,[79] a survey of nationwide critics, and honored Young as the Artist of the Decade.[80] Experimental years (1980–1988)[edit] At the start of the 1980s, distracted by medical concerns relating to the cerebral palsy of his son, Ben, Young had little time to spend on writing and recording.[81] After providing the incidental music to the 1980 film Where the Buffalo Roam, Young released Hawks & Doves (November 3, 1980), a short record pieced together from sessions going back to 1974.[81] Re·ac·tor (1981), an electric album recorded with Crazy Horse, also included material from the 1970s.[82] Young did not tour in support of either album; in total, he played only one show, a set at the 1980 Bread and Roses Festival in Berkeley,[83] between the end of his 1978 tour with Crazy Horse and the start of his tour with the Trans Band in mid-1982.[citation needed] The 80s were really good. The 80s were like, artistically, very strong for me, because I knew no boundaries and was experimenting with everything that I could come across, sometimes with great success, sometimes with terrible results, but nonetheless I was able to do this, and I was able to realize that I wasn`t in a box, and I wanted to establish that. — Neil Young[84] The 1982 album Trans, which incorporated vocoders, synthesizers, and electronic beats, was Young`s first for the new label Geffen Records (distributed at the time by Warner Bros. Records, whose parent Warner Music Group owns most of Young`s solo and band catalog) and represented a distinct stylistic departure. Young later revealed that an inspiration for the album was the theme of technology and communication with Ben, who could not speak.[85] An extensive tour preceded the release of the album, and was documented by the video Neil Young in Berlin, which saw release in 1986. MTV played the video for `Sample and Hold` in light rotation.[citation needed] Young playing in Barcelona, Spain, 1984 Young`s next album, 1983`s Everybody`s Rockin`, included several rockabilly covers and clocked in at less than 25 minutes in length. Young was backed by the Shocking Pinks for the supporting US tour. Trans (1982) had already drawn the ire of label head David Geffen for its lack of commercial appeal, and with Everybody`s Rockin` following seven months later, Geffen Records sued Young for making music `unrepresentative` of himself.[86] The album was also notable as the first for which Young made commercial music videos – Tim Pope directed the videos for `Wonderin`` and `Cry, Cry, Cry`. Also premiered in 1983, though little seen, was the long-gestating Human Highway. Co-directed and co-written by Young, the eclectic comedy starred Young, Dean Stockwell, Russ Tamblyn, Dennis Hopper, David Blue, Sally Kirkland, Charlotte Stewart and members of Devo.[87] Young did not release an album in 1984, his first unproductive year since beginning his career with Buffalo Springfield in 1966. Young`s lack of productivity was largely due to the ongoing legal battle with Geffen, although he was also frustrated that the label had rejected his 1982 country album Old Ways.[88] It was also the year when Young`s third child was born, a girl named Amber Jean, who was later diagnosed with inherited epilepsy.[89] Young spent most of 1984 and all of 1985 touring for Old Ways (August 12, 1985) with his country band, the International Harvesters. The album was finally released in an altered form midway through 1985. Young also appeared at that year`s Live Aid concert in Philadelphia, collaborating with Crosby, Stills and Nash for the quartet`s first performance for a paying audience in over ten years.[citation needed] Young`s last two albums for Geffen were more conventional in the genre, although they incorporated production techniques like synthesizers and echoing drums that were previously uncommon in Young`s music. Young recorded 1986`s Landing on Water without Crazy Horse but reunited with the band for the subsequent year-long tour and final Geffen album, Life, which emerged in 1987. Young`s album sales dwindled steadily throughout the eighties; today Life remains his all-time-least successful studio album, with an estimated four hundred thousand sales worldwide.[90] Switching back to his old label Reprise Records, Young continued to tour relentlessly, assembling a new blues band called The Bluenotes in mid-1987 (a legal dispute with musician Harold Melvin forced the eventual rechristening of the band as Ten Men Working midway through the tour). The addition of a brass section provided a new jazzier sound, and the title track of 1988`s This Note`s For You became Young`s first hit single of the decade. Accompanied by a video that parodied corporate rock, the pretensions of advertising, and Michael Jackson, the song was initially unofficially banned by MTV for mentioning the brand names of some of their sponsors. Young wrote an open letter, `What does the M in MTV stand for: music or money?` Despite this, the video was eventually named best video of the year by the network in 1989.[91] Young reunited with Crosby, Stills, and Nash to record the 1988 album American Dream and play two benefit concerts late in the year, but the group did not embark upon a full tour.[citation needed] Young attracted criticism from liberals in the music industry when he supported President Ronald Reagan and said he was `tired of people constantly apologising for being Americans`.[92] In a 1985 interview with Melody Maker, he said about the AIDS pandemic: `You go to a supermarket and you see a faggot behind the fuckin` cash register, you don`t want him to handle your potatoes.`[93] In the same interview, Young also complained about welfare beneficiaries, saying: `Stop being supported by the government and get out and work. You have to make the weak stand up on one leg, or half a leg, whatever they`ve got.`[94] Rolling Stone wrote in 2013 that Young `almost certainly regrets that horrific statement` and that he `quickly moved away from right-wing politics`.[93] Return to prominence (1989–1999)[edit] Young performing in 1996 in Turku, Finland Young`s 1989 single `Rockin` in the Free World`, which hit No. 2 on the US mainstream-rock charts, and accompanying the album, Freedom, returned Young to the popular consciousness after a decade of sometimes-difficult genre experiments. The album`s lyrics were often overtly political; `Rockin` in the Free World` deals with homelessness, terrorism, and environmental degradation, implicitly criticizing the government policies of President George H. W. Bush.[95] The use of heavy feedback and distortion on several Freedom tracks was reminiscent of the Rust Never Sleeps (1979) album and foreshadowed the imminent rise of grunge. The rising stars of the subgenre, including Nirvana`s Kurt Cobain and Pearl Jam`s Eddie Vedder, frequently cited Young as a major influence, contributing to his popular revival. A tribute album called The Bridge: A Tribute to Neil Young was released in 1989, featuring covers by a range of alternative and grunge acts, including Sonic Youth, Nick Cave, Soul Asylum, Dinosaur Jr, and the Pixies.[citation needed] Young`s 1990 album Ragged Glory, recorded with Crazy Horse in a barn on his Northern California ranch, continued this distortion-heavy aesthetic. Young toured for the album with Orange County, California country-punk band Social Distortion and Sonic Youth as support, much to the consternation of many of his old fans.[96] Weld, a two-disc live album documenting the tour, was released in 1991.[96] Sonic Youth`s influence was evident on Arc, a 35-minute collage of feedback and distortion spliced together at the suggestion of Thurston Moore and originally packaged with some versions of Weld.[96] 1992`s Harvest Moon marked an abrupt return (prompted by Young`s hyperacusis in the aftermath of the Weld tour) to the country and folk-rock stylings of Harvest and reunited him with some of the musicians from that album, including the core members of the Stray Gators and singers Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor. The title track was a minor hit, and the record was well received by critics, winning the Juno Award for Album of the Year in 1994. Young also contributed to lifelong friend Randy Bachman`s nostalgic 1992 tune `Prairie Town`, and garnered a 1993 Academy Award nomination for his song `Philadelphia`, from the soundtrack of the Jonathan Demme movie of the same name. An MTV Unplugged performance and album emerged in 1993. Later that year, Young collaborated with Booker T. and the M.G.s for a summer tour of Europe and North America, with Blues Traveler, Soundgarden, and Pearl Jam also on the bill. Some European shows ended with a rendition of `Rockin` in the Free World` played with Pearl Jam, foreshadowing their eventual full-scale collaboration two years later.[citation needed] Young on stage in Barcelona In 1994, Young again collaborated with Crazy Horse for Sleeps with Angels, a record whose dark, somber mood was influenced by Kurt Cobain`s death earlier that year: the title track in particular dealt with Cobain`s life and death, without mentioning him by name. Cobain had quoted Young`s lyric `It`s better to burn out than fade away` (a line from `My My, Hey Hey`) in his suicide note. Young had reportedly made repeated attempts to contact Cobain prior to his death.[97] Young and Pearl Jam performed `Act of Love` at an abortion rights benefit along with Crazy Horse, and were present at a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame dinner, sparking interest in a collaboration between the two.[98] Still enamored with the grunge scene, Young reconnected with Pearl Jam in 1995 for the live-in-the-studio album Mirror Ball and a tour of Europe with the band and producer Brendan O`Brien backing Young. 1995 also marked Young`s induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, where he was inducted by Eddie Vedder.[99] Young has consistently demonstrated the unbridled passion of an artist who understands that self-renewal is the only way to avoid burning out. For this reason, he has remained one of the most significant artists of the rock and roll era. — Rock and Roll Hall of Fame website.[99][100] In 1995, Young and his manager Elliot Roberts founded a record label, Vapor Records.[101] It has released recordings by Tegan and Sara, Spoon, Jonathan Richman, Vic Chesnutt, Everest, Pegi Young, Jets Overhead, and Young himself, among others.[101] Young`s next collaborative partner was filmmaker Jim Jarmusch, who asked Young to compose a soundtrack to his 1995 black-and-white western film Dead Man. Young`s instrumental soundtrack was improvised while he watched the film alone in a studio. The death of long-time mentor, friend, and producer David Briggs in late 1995 prompted Young to reconnect with Crazy Horse the following year for the album and tour Broken Arrow. A Jarmusch-directed concert film and live album of the tour, Year of the Horse, emerged in 1997. From 1996 to 1997, Young and Crazy Horse toured extensively throughout Europe and North America, including a stint as part of the H.O.R.D.E. Festival`s sixth annual tour.[citation needed] In 1998, Young renewed his collaboration with the rock band Phish, sharing the stage at the annual Farm Aid concert and then at Young`s Bridge School Benefit, where he joined headliners Phish for renditions of `Helpless` and `I Shall Be Released`.[102] Phish declined Young`s later invitation to be his backing band on his 1999 North American tour.[citation needed] The decade ended with the release in late 1999 of Looking Forward, another reunion with Crosby, Stills, and Nash. The subsequent tour of the United States and Canada with the reformed quartet earned US$42.1 million, making it the eighth largest grossing tour of 2000.[citation needed] Health condition and new material (2000s)[edit] Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young perform at the PNC Bank Arts Center in 2006. (From L to R: Nash, Stills, Young, and Crosby) Neil Young continued to release new material at a rapid pace through the first decade of the new millennium. The studio album Silver & Gold and live album Road Rock Vol. 1 were released in 2000 and were both accompanied by live concert films. His 2001 single `Let`s Roll` was a tribute to the victims of the September 11 attacks, and the effective action taken by the passengers and crew on Flight 93 in particular.[103] In 2003, Young released Greendale, a concept album recorded with Crazy Horse members Billy Talbot and Ralph Molina. The songs loosely revolved around the murder of a police officer in a small town in California and its effects on the town`s inhabitants.[104] Under the pseudonym `Bernard Shakey`, Young directed an accompanying film of the same name, featuring actors lip-synching to the music from the album. He toured extensively with the Greendale material throughout 2003 and 2004, first with a solo, acoustic version in Europe, then with a full-cast stage show in North America, Japan, and Australia. Young began using biodiesel on the 2004 Greendale tour, powering his trucks and tour buses with the fuel. `Our Greendale tour is now ozone friendly`, he said. `I plan to continue to use this government approved and regulated fuel exclusively from now on to prove that it is possible to deliver the goods anywhere in North America without using foreign oil, while being environmentally responsible.`[105] Stills and Young performing together on the Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young 2006 tour In March 2005, while working on the Prairie Wind album in Nashville,[106] Young was diagnosed with a brain aneurysm. He was treated successfully with a minimally invasive neuroradiological procedure, performed in a New York hospital on March 29,[107] but two days afterwards he passed out on a New York street from bleeding from the femoral artery, which radiologists had used to access the aneurysm.[108] The complication forced Young to cancel his scheduled appearance at the Juno Awards telecast in Winnipeg, but within months he was back on stage, appearing at the close of the Live 8 concert in Barrie, Ontario, on July 2. During the performance, he debuted a new song, a soft hymn called `When God Made Me`. Young`s brush with death influenced Prairie Wind`s themes of retrospection and mortality.[109] 2010s[edit] In May 2010, it was revealed Young had begun working on a new studio album produced by Daniel Lanois. This was announced by David Crosby, who said that the album `will be a very heartfelt record. I expect it will be a very special record.`[110] On May 18, 2010, Young embarked upon a North American solo tour to promote his then upcoming album, Le Noise, playing a mix of older songs and new material. Although billed as a solo acoustic tour, Young also played some songs on electric guitars, including Old Black.[111] In September 2011, Jonathan Demme`s third documentary film on the singer songwriter, Neil Young Journeys, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.[112] Neil Young with Crazy Horse released the album Americana on June 5, 2012. It was Young`s first collaboration with Crazy Horse since the Greendale album and tour in 2003 and 2004. The record is a tribute to unofficial national anthems that jumps from an uncensored version of `This Land Is Your Land` to `Clementine` and includes a version of `God Save the Queen`, which Young grew up singing every day in school in Canada.[113] Americana is Neil Young`s first album composed entirely of cover songs. The album debuted at number four on the Billboard 200, making it Young`s highest-charting album in the US since Harvest.[114] On June 5, 2012, American Songwriter also reported that Neil Young and Crazy Horse would be launching their first tour in eight years in support of the album.[115] On September 25, 2012, Young`s autobiography Waging Heavy Peace: A Hippie Dream was released to critical and commercial acclaim.[116] Reviewing the book for the New York Times, Janet Maslin reported that Young chose to write his memoirs in 2012 for two reasons: he needed to take a break from stage performances for health reasons but continue to generate income; and he feared the onset of dementia, considering his father`s medical history and his own present condition. Maslin praised the book, describing it as frank but quirky and without pathos.[117] In November 2013, Young performed at the annual fundraiser for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music. Following the Red Hot Chili Peppers, he played an acoustic set to a crowd who had paid a minimum of $2,000 a seat to attend the benefit in the famous Paramour Mansion overlooking downtown Los Angeles.[118] Young released the album A Letter Home on April 19, 2014, through Jack White`s record label, and his second memoir, entitled Special Deluxe, which was released on October 14.[119] He appeared with White on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on May 12, 2014.[120] Young released his thirty-fifth studio album, Storytone on November 4, 2014. The first song released from the album, `Who`s Gonna Stand Up?`, was released in three different versions on September 25, 2014.[121] Storytone was followed in 2015 by his concept album The Monsanto Years.[122] The Monsanto Years is an album themed both in support of sustainable farming, and to protest the biotechnology company Monsanto.[123] Young achieves this protest in a series of lyrical sentiments against genetically modified food production. He created this album in collaboration with Willie Nelson`s sons, Lukas and Micah, and is also backed by Lukas`s fellow band members from Promise of the Real.[124] Additionally, Young released a film in tandem to the album, (also entitled The Monsanto Years), that documents the album`s recording, and can be streamed online.[125] In August 2019, The Guardian reported Young, among other environmental activists, was being spied on by the firm.[126] In summer 2015, Young undertook a North America tour titled the Rebel Content Tour. The tour began on July 5, 2015, at the Summerfest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and ended on July 24, 2015, at the Wayhome Festival in Oro-Medonte, Ontario. Lukas Nelson & Promise of the Real were special guests for the tour.[127][128] In October 2016, Young performed at Desert Trip in Indio, California,[129][130] and announced his thirty-seventh studio album, Peace Trail, recorded with drummer Jim Keltner and bass guitarist Paul Bushnell,[131] which was released that December. On September 8, 2017, Young released Hitchhiker, a studio LP recorded on August 11, 1976, at Indigo Studios in Malibu. The album features ten songs that Young recorded accompanied by acoustic guitar or piano.[132] While different versions of most of the songs have been previously released, the new album will include two never-before-released songs: `Hawaii` and `Give Me Strength`, which Young has occasionally performed live.[133] On July 4, 2017, Young released the song `Children of Destiny` which would appear on his next album. On November 3, 2017, Young released `Already Great`, a song from The Visitor, an album he recorded with Promise of the Real and released on December 1, 2017.[134] On Record Store Day, April 21, 2018, Warner Records released a two-vinyl LP special edition of Roxy: Tonight`s the Night Live, a double live album of a show that Young performed in September 1973 at the Roxy in West Hollywood, with the Santa Monica Flyers. The album is labeled as `Volume 05` in Young`s Performance Series.[135] On October 19, 2018, Young released a live version of his song `Campaigner`, an excerpt from a forthcoming archival live album titled Songs for Judy, which features solo performances recorded during a November 1976 tour with Crazy Horse. It will be the first release from his new label Shakey Pictures Records.[136][137][138] In December 2018, Young criticized the promoters of a London show for selecting Barclays Bank as a sponsor. Young objected to the bank`s association with fossil fuels. Young explained that he was trying to rectify the situation by finding a different sponsor.[139] On August 19, 2019, Neil Young and Crazy Horse announced the forthcoming release later in August 2019 of the new song `Rainbow of Colors`, the first single from the album Colorado, Young`s first new record with the band in seven years, since 2012`s Psychedelic Pill. Young, multi-instrumentalist Nils Lofgren, bassist Billy Talbot and drummer Ralph Molina recorded the new album with Young`s co-producer, John Hanlon, in spring 2019. Colorado was released on October 25, 2019[140][141] on Reprise Records. On August 30, 2019, Young unveiled `Milky Way`, the first song from Colorado, a love ballad he had performed several times at concerts – both solo acoustic and with Promise of the Real.[142] 2020s[edit] In February 2020, Young wrote an open letter to President Trump, calling him a `disgrace to my country`.[143][144] On August 4, 2020, Young filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Trump`s reelection campaign for the use of his music at campaign rallies.[145] In April 2020, Young announced that he was working on a new archival album, Road of Plenty, comprising music made with Crazy Horse in 1986 and rehearsals for his 1989 Saturday Night Live appearance.[146] On June 19, Young released a `lost` album, Homegrown. He recorded it in the mid-1970s following his breakup with Carrie Snodgress, but opted not to release it at the time, feeling it was too personal.[147] In September, Young released a live EP, The Times. Young shared the news via his video for his new song `Lookin` for a Leader`, stating: `I invite the President to play this song at his next rally. A song about the feelings many of us have about America today.`[148] In January 2021, Young sold 50% of the rights to his back catalog to the British investment company Hipgnosis Songs Fund. The value was estimated to be at least $150 million.[149][150] Young and Crazy Horse released a new album, Barn, on December 10, 2021. The first single, `Song of the Seasons`, was released on October 15, followed by `Welcome Back` on December 3, along with a music video. A stand-alone will be released on Blu-ray and will be directed by Daryl Hannah.[151] Young also confirmed that he had completed his third book, Canary, his first work of fiction.[152] On January 24, 2022, Young posted an open letter threatening to remove his music from the audio streaming service Spotify if it did not remove The Joe Rogan Experience podcast. Young accused the podcast of spreading COVID-19 misinformation on December 31, writing that `Spotify has a responsibility to mitigate the spread of misinformation on its platform`.[153] On January 26, Young`s music was removed from Spotify. A Spotify spokesperson said that Spotify wanted `all the world`s music and audio content to be available to Spotify users` and that it had a `great responsibility in balancing both safety for listeners and freedom for creators`.[153] In solidarity, artists including Joni Mitchell and the members of Crosby, Stills, and Nash also removed their music from Spotify.[154][155][156] The Director-General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, also praised Young.[155] In 2023, Young criticized Ticketmaster`s practice of raising ticket prices and adding fees. He said he had been sent letters from fans blaming him for US$3,000 tickets for a benefit concert he was performing, and that `artists have to worry about ripped off fans blaming them for Ticketmaster add-ons and scalpers`.[157] In March 2024, Young returned his music to Spotify, as the end of Rogan`s contract meant Rogan could add The Joe Rogan Experience to other streaming platforms, such as Apple Music and Amazon Music. Young said he could not sustain his opposition across each of the platforms.[158] Archives project[edit] Main article: Neil Young Archives Since 2006, Young has been maintaining the Neil Young Archives, a project which encompasses the release of live albums, starting in 2006 with Live at the Fillmore East, box sets of live and studio material, starting in 2009 with The Archives Vol. 1 1963–1972, as well as video releases. As of 2019, the project has evolved into a subscription website and application where all of his music is available to stream in high resolution audio. Neil Young Archives also includes his newspaper, The Times-Contrarian, The Hearse Theater, and photographs and memorabilia from throughout his career.[159] Activism, philanthropy and humanitarian efforts[edit] Young`s renewed activism manifested itself in the 2006 album Living with War, which like the much earlier song `Ohio`, was recorded and released in less than a month as a direct result of current events.[160] Most of the album`s songs rebuked the Bush administration`s policy of war by examining its human costs to soldiers, their loved ones, and civilians, but Young also included a few songs on other themes and an outright protest song entitled `Let`s Impeach the President`,[161] in which he asserted that Bush had lied to lead the country into war. While Young had never been a stranger to eco-friendly lyrics, themes of environmentalist spirituality and activism became increasingly prominent in his work throughout the 1990s and 2000s, especially on Greendale (2003)[162] and Living with War (2006).[163] The trend continued on 2007`s Chrome Dreams II, with lyrics exploring Young`s personal eco-spirituality.[164] Young remains on the board of directors of Farm Aid, an organization he co-founded with Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp in 1985. According to its website, it is the longest running concert benefit series in the US and it has raised $43 million since its first benefit concert in 1985. Each year, Young co-hosts and performs with well-known guest performers who include Dave Matthews and producers who include Evelyn Shriver and Mark Rothbaum, at the Farm Aid annual benefit concerts to raise funds and provide grants to family farms and prevent foreclosures, provide a crisis hotline, and create and promote home grown farm food in the United States.[165] Young performing in Oslo, Norway, in 2009 In 2008, Young revealed his latest project, the production of a hybrid-engine 1959 Lincoln called LincVolt.[166] A new album loosely based on the Lincvolt project, Fork in the Road, was released on April 7, 2009.[167] A Jonathan Demme concert film from a 2007 concert at the Tower Theater in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, called the Neil Young Trunk Show premiered on March 21, 2009, at the South by Southwest (SXSW) Film Conference and Festival in Austin, Texas. It was featured at the Cannes Film Festival on May 17, 2009, and was released in the US on March 19, 2010,[168] to critical acclaim.[169][170][171] In 2009, Young headlined the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival, and Glastonbury Festival in Pilton, England,[172] at Hard Rock Calling in London (where he was joined onstage by Paul McCartney for a rendition of `A Day in the Life`) and, after years of unsuccessful booking attempts, the Isle of Wight Festival.[173] Young has been a vocal opponent of the proposed Keystone XL oil pipeline, which would run from Alberta to Texas. When discussing the environmental impact on the oilsands of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Young asserted that the area now resembles the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the aftermath of the atomic bomb attack of World War II.[174] Young has referred to issues surrounding the proposed use of oil pipelines as `scabs on our lives`.[174] In an effort to become more involved, Young has worked directly with the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation to draw attention to this issue, performing benefit concerts and speaking publicly on the subject. In 2014, he played four shows in Canada dedicated to the Honor the Treaties[175] movement, raising money for the Athabasca Chipewyan legal defense fund.[176] In 2015, he and Willie Nelson held a festival in Neligh, Nebraska, called Harvest the Hope, raising awareness of the impact of oilsands and oil pipelines on Native Americans and family farmers. Both received honors from leaders of the Rosebud Sioux, Oglala Lakota, Ponca and Omaha nations, and were invested with sacred buffalo robes.[177] Young participated in the Blue Dot Tour, which was organized and fronted by environmental activist David Suzuki, and toured all 10 Canadian provinces alongside other Canadian artists including the Barenaked Ladies, Feist, and Robert Bateman. The intent of Young`s participation in this tour was to raise awareness of the environmental damage caused by the exploitation of oilsands. Young has argued that the amount of CO2 released as a byproduct of oilsand oil extraction is equivalent to the amount released by the total number of cars in Canada each day.[178] Young has faced criticism by representatives from within the Canadian petroleum industry, who have argued that his statements are irresponsible.[174] Young`s opposition to the construction of oil pipelines has influenced his music as well. His song, `Who`s Going to Stand Up?` was written to protest this issue, and features the lyric `Ban fossil fuel and draw the line / Before we build one more pipeline`.[174] In addition to directly criticizing members of the oil industry, Young has also focused blame on the actions of the Canadian government for ignoring the environmental impacts of climate change. He referred to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper as `an embarrassment to many Canadians ... [and] a very poor imitation of the George Bush administration in the United States`.[178] Young was also critical of Barack Obama`s government for failing to uphold the promises made regarding environmental policies during his election campaign.[178] Young recorded `A Rock Star Bucks a Coffee Shop` in response to Starbucks` possible involvement with Monsanto and use of genetically modified food.[179][180] The song was included on his 2015 concept album The Monsanto Years.[181] Personal life[edit] Homes and residency[edit] Young`s family was from Manitoba, where both his parents were born and married. Young himself was born in Toronto, Ontario, and lived there at various times in his early life (1945, 1957, 1959–1960, 1966–1967), as well as Omemee (1945–1952) and Pickering, Ontario (1956) before settling with his mother in Winnipeg, Manitoba (1958, 1960–1966), where his music career began and which he considers his `hometown`.[182] After becoming successful, he bought properties in California. Young had a home in Malibu, California, which burned to the ground in the 2018 Woolsey Fire.[183] Young had lived outside Canada from 1967, before returning in 2020. Young owned Broken Arrow Ranch, a property of about 1,000 acres[184] near La Honda, California, which he purchased in 1970 for US$350,000 (US$2.7 million in 2023 dollars);[72] the property was subsequently expanded to thousands of acres.[185][186] He moved out and gave Pegi Young the ranch after their divorce in 2014. Young`s son Ben lives there.[61] Young announced in 2019 that his application for United States citizenship had been held up because of his use of marijuana. In 2020, the issue was resolved and he became a United States citizen.[187][188][189][190] Almost immediately upon gaining US citizenship, Young returned to living in Canada for the first time in over half-a-century, as he and Daryl Hannah moved to a cottage near Omemee, the town where he had originally lived from shortly after his birth until the age of 7.[191][192] Relationships and family[edit] Young married his first wife, restaurant owner Susan Acevedo, in December 1968. They were together until October 1970, when she filed for divorce.[193] From late 1970 to 1975, Young was in a relationship with actress Carrie Snodgress. The song `A Man Needs a Maid` from Harvest is inspired by his seeing her in the film Diary of a Mad Housewife. They met soon afterward and she moved in with him on his ranch in northern California. They have a son, Zeke, who was born September 8, 1972. He has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy.[194][195] Young met future wife Pegi Young (née Morton) in 1974 when she was working as a waitress at a diner near his ranch, a story he tells in the 1992 song `Unknown Legend`. They married in August 1978[196] and had two children together, Ben and Amber. Ben has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy,[195] and Amber has been diagnosed with epilepsy.[195] The couple were musical collaborators and co-founded the Bridge School in 1986.[197][198] On July 29, 2014, Young filed for divorce after 36 years of marriage.[61] Pegi died on January 1, 2019.[199] Young has been in a relationship with actress and director Daryl Hannah since 2014.[200] Young and Hannah were reported to have wed on August 25, 2018, in Atascadero, California.[201] Young confirmed his marriage to Hannah in a video released on October 31, 2018.[202] Young has been widely reported to be the godfather of actress Amber Tamblyn;[203] in a 2009 interview with Parade, Tamblyn explained that `godfather` was `just a loose term` for Young, Dennis Hopper, and Dean Stockwell, three famous friends of her father, Russ Tamblyn, who were important influences on her life.[204] Charity work[edit] Young is an environmentalist[205] and outspoken advocate for the welfare of small farmers, having co-founded in 1985 the benefit concert Farm Aid. He worked on LincVolt, the conversion of his 1959 Lincoln Continental to hybrid electric technology, as an environmentalist statement.[206][207] In 1986, Young helped found the Bridge School,[208] an educational organization for children with severe verbal and physical disabilities, and its annual supporting Bridge School Benefit concerts, together with his then wife Pegi Young.[209] Young is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.[210] Business ventures[edit] Young was part owner of Lionel, LLC, a company that makes toy trains and model railroad accessories.[211] In 2008 Lionel emerged from bankruptcy and his shares of the company were wiped out. He was instrumental in the design of the Lionel Legacy control system for model trains,[211] and remains on the board of directors of Lionel.[212] He has been named as co-inventor on seven US patents related to model trains.[213] Young has long held that the digital audio formats in which most people download music are deeply flawed, and do not provide the rich, warm sound of analog recordings. He claims to be acutely aware of the difference, and compares it with taking a shower in tiny ice cubes versus ordinary water.[214] Young and his company PonoMusic developed Pono, a music download service and dedicated music player focusing on `high-quality` uncompressed digital audio.[215] It was designed to compete against highly compressed MP3 type formats. Pono promised to present songs `as they first sound during studio recording`.[216][217][218] The service and the sale of the player were launched in October 2014.[219][220] Instruments[edit] Guitars[edit] Young playing a Gretsch White Falcon in Cologne, June 19, 2009 In 2003, Rolling Stone listed Young as eighty-third in its ranking of `The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time` (although in a more recent version of the list, he has been moved up to seventeenth place), describing him as a `restless experimenter ... who transform[s] the most obvious music into something revelatory`.[221] Young is a collector of second-hand guitars, but in recording and performing, he uses frequently just a few instruments, as is explained by his longtime guitar technician Larry Cragg in the film Neil Young: Heart of Gold. They include: a late 1950s Gretsch White Falcon purchased by Young near the end of the Buffalo Springfield era. In 1969, he bought a version of the same vintage guitar from Stephen Stills, and this instrument is featured prominently during Young`s early 1970s period, and can be heard on tracks like `Ohio`, `Southern Man`, `Alabama`, `Words (Between the Lines of Age)`, and `L.A.`. It was Young`s primary electric guitar during the Harvest (1972) era, since Young`s deteriorating back condition (eventually fixed with surgery) made playing the much heavier Les Paul (a favourite of his named Old Black) difficult.[222] Reed organ[edit] Young owns a restored Estey reed organ, serial number 167272, dating from 1885, which he frequently plays in concert.[223] Crystallophone[edit] Young owns a glass harmonica, which he played in the recording of `I Do` on his 2019 album Colorado.[224] Amplification[edit] Young uses various vintage Fender Tweed Deluxe amplifiers. His preferred amplifier for electric guitar is the Fender Deluxe, specifically a Tweed-era model from 1959. He purchased his first vintage Deluxe in 1967 for US$50 (US$460 in 2023 dollars[72]) from Sol Betnun Music on Larchmont in Hollywood and has since acquired nearly 450 different examples, all from the same era, but he maintains that it is the original model that sounds superior and is crucial to his trademark sound.[225] A notable and unique accessory to Young`s Deluxe is the Whizzer, a device created specifically for Young by Rick Davis, which physically changes the amplifier`s settings to pre-set combinations. This device is connected to footswitches operable by Young onstage in the manner of an effects pedal. Tom Wheeler`s book The Soul of Tone highlights the device on page 182/183.[226] Discography[edit] Main article: Neil Young discography and filmography See also: Crazy Horse (band) § Discography; Buffalo Springfield § Discography; and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young discography Neil Young (1968) Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (1969) (with Crazy Horse) After the Gold Rush (1970) Harvest (1972) Time Fades Away (1973) On the Beach (1974) Tonight`s the Night (1975) Zuma (1975) (with Crazy Horse) Long May You Run (1976) (credited to The Stills–Young Band) American Stars `n Bars (1977) Comes a Time (1978) Rust Never Sleeps (1979) Hawks & Doves (1980) Re