Ever After High  crtana serija  urađena po istoimenoj liniji lutaka i predstavlja produžetak  Мonster High franšize, s tim što su  ovde likovi zasnovani na bajkama. Mattel 2012 Hunter Visina oko 31 cm

Torba brenda StarPak u žutoj boji moderna je dečja torba koja se lako uklapa sa mnogim odevnim kombinacijama. Kvalitetni materijali i vrhunska izrada garantuju dugotrajno korišćenje. Dečja torba je izrađena od sintetičkog materijala. Dimenzije dečje torbe su 33x11x22cm.

Torba brenda StarPak u ljubičastoj boji moderna je dečja torba koja se lako uklapa sa mnogim odevnim kombinacijama. Kvalitetni materijali i vrhunska izrada garantuju dugotrajno korišćenje. Dečja torba je izrađena od sintetičkog materijala. Dimenzije dečje torbe su 33x11x22cm.

Summer Ghost: The Complete Manga Collection Based on the critically acclaimed animated short film about three high schoolers' supernatural coming-of-age-and don't miss the light novel, also from Seven Seas! According to urban legend, there's an abandoned airfield on the edge of town where a spirit known as the Summer Ghost can be summoned. After discovering each other on the internet, three teenagers from different high schools who share a special connection to death meet up to summon the mysterious specter. Thus begins a story that will bridge the boundary between life and death on a midsummer night that none of them will ever forget.

2LP PLOCE 5/5 MINT OMOT 5- GATEFOLD CASABLANCA RECORD CALD 5003 FUNK/SOUL,DISCO,ELECTRONIC A1.ONCE UPON A TIME A2.FASTER AND FASTER TO NOWHERE A3.FAIRY TALE HIGH A4.SAY SOMETHING NICE B1.NOW I NEED YOU B2.WORKING THE MIDNIGHT SHIFT B3.QUEEN FOR A DAY C1.IF YOU GOT IT FLAUNT IT C2.A MAN LIKE YOU C3.SWEET ROMANCE C4.(THEME)ONCE UPON A TIME C5.DANCE INTO MY LIFE D1.RUMOUR HAS IT D2.I LOVE YOU D3.HAPPILY EVER AFTER D4.(THEME)ONCE UPON A TIME

Stanje: Ploče 5/5- , Omot: 5-/4+++ ----------------------------- Donna Summer ‎– Once Upon A Time... Label: Casablanca ‎– CA. LP 5010, Casablanca ‎– CA. LP 5011 Format: 2 × Vinyl, LP, Album, Gatefold Country: Italy Released: 1977 Genre: Electronic Style: Disco Tracklist A1 Once Upon A Time A2 Faster And Faster To Nowhere A3 Fairy Tale High A4 Say Something Nice B1 Now I Need You B2 Working The Midnight Shift B3 Queen For A Day C1 If You Got It Flaunt It C2 A Man Like You C3 Sweet Romance C4 (Theme) Once Upon A Time C5 Dance Into My Life D1 Rumour Has It D2 I Love You D3 Happily Ever After D4 (Theme) Once Upon A Time

Pirates: Dead Men's Tales In Pirates: Dead Men's Tales, we explore pirates throughout history and across the globe. We come face-to-face with some of the most villainous and scurrilous rogues ever to sail the seven seas. Included are the notorious Blackbeard, who terrorised the Caribbean and the Atlantic seaboard of America until he met his end in a dramatic shoot-out; and Captain Kidd, who might be the unluckiest pirate of all time, and whose legendary treasure is still sought after. Lavish hand-drawn illustrations bring the real life stories of legendary pirate-rogues to life. With in-depth pirate profiles and highly visual maps and explore all the incredible details of life as a pirate on the high seas.

The Immortals Series 6 Books Collection Set Pack The Immortals: Evermore: 1 Seventeen-year-old Ever is the sole survivor of a car crash that killed her entire family. Living with her aunt in Southern California, she's plagued by the ability to hear the thoughts of those around her, and haunted by the ghost of her little sister. She tries to tune everyone out, shunning her old lifestyle as the pretty, popular cheerleader, but somehow she can't hide from Damen, the new guy at school. Stunningly handsome, clever and not a little bit intimidating, there's something about him that doesn't quite add up. Ever realises he's hiding something, but nothing could prepare her for the truth - especially when the truth involves past lives, murderous enemies, everlasting love and the secret of eternal youth. Blue Moon (The Immortals): 2 Things have changed for Ever since she met her beloved Damen not least because she got a whole new set of powers, courtesy of her new Immortal status. Just as she's getting stronger, though, Damen seems to be weakening. Panicked at the thought of losing him, Ever finds a path to the in-between world known as Summerland, where she learns the secrets of Damen tortured past. But in searching for a cure for him, Ever accidentally discovers a way to twist time so she can save her family from the accident that killed them. It all she ever wanted but so is Damen. Shadowland: 3 (The Immortals) Ever and Damen have travelled through countless past lives and fought off the world darkest enemies in search of each other. But just when their destiny seems finally within reach, a powerful curse falls upon them. A single touch of their hands, a soft brush of their lips will mean death for Damen cast into the darkness of the Shadowland. But as she seeks to break the curse, Ever meets Jude a green-eyed, golden surfer boy who understands magick, and understands Ever better than she realises. Dark Flame: 4 (The Immortals) Once it seemed being immortal was a gift to Ever Bloom - now it's a curse. And she's a danger to herself. Ever has been dabbling in Magyck - seeking to explore her own powers, hoping to find a future for her relationship with Damen. But she's not in control - in fact, the magyck has bound her eternally to her immortal enemy, Roman. Whenever he's near, she feels his heartbeat, his breath, his blood racing in her veins. Night Star: 5 I was born and raised in The OC (although I never actually called it that until the TV show), and went to The Richard Nixon Elementary School for two years- a fact I find both amusing and embarrassing! After high school, I was desperate to flee suburbia and see the world, so after traveling around Europe for awhile I settled in Mykonos, Greece for several years, before moving to Manhattan where I lived for several more, working as a Flight Attendant for a major airline and writing my debut novel, Faking 19, during long weather delays and boring layovers. Everlasting (Immortals (Alyson Noel)) Their epic love story has captured the hearts of millions and enchanted readers across the world. Everlasting is the beautiful finale to Alyson Noël's bestselling Immortals series, in which their journey draws to a spectacular conclusion--where all will be revealed. Their darkest enemies now defeated, Damen and Ever are free to embark upon their final quest--to free Damen from the poison lingering in his body. If they can just find the antidote, they'll finally be able to feel each other's touch--and experience the passionate night they've been longing for. Prikaži više

The Red Scrolls Of Magic (The Eldest Curses) From #1 New York Times bestseller Cassandra Clare and award-winner Wesley Chu comes the first book in a new series that follows High Warlock Magnus Bane and Alec Lightwood as they tour the world after the Mortal War. The Red Scrolls of Magic is a Shadowhunters novel. All Magnus Bane wanted was a vacation—a lavish trip across Europe with Alec Lightwood, the Shadowhunter who against all odds is finally his boyfriend. But as soon as the pair settles in Paris, an old friend arrives with news about a demon-worshipping cult called the Crimson Hand that is bent on causing chaos around the world. A cult that was apparently founded by Magnus himself. Years ago. As a joke. Now Magnus and Alec must race across Europe to track down the Crimson Hand and its elusive new leader before the cult can cause any more damage. As if it wasn’t bad enough that their romantic getaway has been sidetracked, demons are now dogging their every step, and it is becoming harder to tell friend from foe. As their quest for answers becomes increasingly dire, Magnus and Alec will have to trust each other more than ever—even if it means revealing the secrets they’ve both been keeping.

The Cold War: From The Iron Curtain To The Collapse Of Communism As present-day political and military hostilities between Russia and the West threaten to escalate, The Cold War looks back at a global drama that positioned the world on the brink of nuclear Armageddon. Published 30 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of Communism in Europe that led to the end of the Cold War, it is a graphic account of a confrontation that encompassed moments of high tension, such as the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and the nuclear alerts of 1973 and 1983. Written by leading defence analyst, Dr Norman Friedman, The Cold War is a fully illustrated account of this period of crisis, subterfuge and power. Showing rare documents, such as a 1963 nuclear attack protection booklet produced for homeowners by the British government, and an official pack for US troops passing through Checkpoint Charlie, the reader can witness events as they unfolded. The result is a vivid account of a historical period that is echoed in today's geopolitical climate. The Cold War is the perfect companion with which to examine the events of this tense period of history – events that resonate ever strongly in this modern era of paranoia and surveillance.

Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters A Book of the Year 2021, as chosen by The Times 'Punchy, funny and invigorating ... Pinker is the high priest of rationalism' Sunday Times 'If you've ever considered taking drugs to make yourself smarter, read Rationality instead. It's cheaper, more entertaining, and more effective' Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind In the twenty-first century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that discovered vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorizing? In Rationality, Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply an irrational species - cavemen out of time fatally cursed with biases, fallacies and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives and set the benchmarks for rationality itself. Instead, he explains, we think in ways that suit the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, causal inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. These tools are not a standard part of our educational curricula, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book - until now. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with insight and humour, Rationality will enlighten, inspire and empower. 'A terrific book, much-needed for our time' Peter Singer Prikaži više

50 Ultimate Sports Cars - 40th Edition For the seasoned car collector or the awestruck newcomer, this volume is the consummate sports car anthology. Bringing together 50 of the most exquisite, desirable, and adrenaline-charging sports cars of all time, it recounts the enthralling endeavors in automotive design and engineering in pursuit of optimum dynamic performance for both road and track. This expertly curated roundup of glorious, high-speed two-seaters includes both all-out sports racers as well as their street-legal homologated brethren. Indeed, some of the most desirable cars across all auto-collecting genres are from the glorious golden era of sports car racing, which existed up until the late 1960s. In that time, gentleman privateers would drive their cars to a competition event, such as the famous 24 Hours of Le Mans, race them hard―perhaps winning their class or even the race―before coolly driving them home again. Showcasing 50 of the most sought-after sports cars ever created, from the 1912 Stutz Model A Bear Cat and the 1938 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900B MM Spider to the 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR “Uhlenhaut Coupé”―the world’s most expensive car―and the 1962/64 Ferrari 250 GTO Series II, this spectacular volume is an automobilia treasure trove. Each fabled model is presented with lavish spreads, complete with stunning imagery taken by the world’s leading car photographers alongside rare archival gems, from original factory photos to famous motorsports event posters. Each entry is also accompanied by expert descriptive texts and specs, tapping into the authors’ transatlantic expertise and insider knowledge. About the series TASCHEN is 40! Since we started our work as cultural archaeologists in 1980, TASCHEN has become synonymous with accessible publishing, helping bookworms around the world curate their own library of art, anthropology, and aphrodisia at an unbeatable price. Today we celebrate 40 years of incredible books by staying true to our company credo. The 40 series presents new editions of some of the stars of our program―now more compact, friendly in price, and still realized with the same commitment to impeccable production. Prikaži više

Acid For The Children Flea, the iconic bassist and co-founder, alongside Anthony Kiedis, of the immortal Red Hot Chili Peppers finally tells his fascinating origin story, complete with all the dizzying highs and the gutter lows you'd expect from an LA street rat turned world-famous rock star. Michael Peter Balzary was born in Melbourne, Australia, on October 16, 1962. His more famous stage name, Flea, and his wild ride as the renowned bass player for the Red Hot Chili Peppers was in a far and distant future. Little Michael from Oz moved with his very conservative, very normal family to Westchester, New York, where life as he knew it was soon turned upside down. His parents split up and he and his sister moved into the home of his mother's free-wheeling, jazz musician boyfriend - trading in rules, stability, and barbecues for bohemian values, wildness, and Sunday afternoon jazz parties where booze, weed, and music flowed in equal measure. There began Michael's life-long journey to channel all the frustration, loneliness, love, and joy he felt into incredible rhythm. When Michael's family moved to Los Angeles in 1972, his home situation was rockier than ever. He sought out a sense of belonging elsewhere, spending most of his days partying, playing basketball, and committing petty crimes. At Fairfax High School, he met another social outcast, Anthony Kiedis, who quickly became his soul brother, the yin to his yang, his partner in mischief. Michael joined some bands, fell in love with performing, and honed his skills. But it wasn't until the night when Anthony, excited after catching a Grandmaster Flash concert, suggested they start their own band that he is handed the magic key to the cosmic kingdom. Acid for the Children is as raw, entertaining and wildly unpredictable as its author. It's both a tenderly evocative coming of age story and a raucous love letter to the power of music and creativity. *WITH AN ORIGINAL POEM FROM PATTI SMITH* 'Flea creates a rhythm for his prose as curt and distinct as his bass playing.' Jim Farber, The Guardian 'He writes in Beat Generation bursts and epiphanies... You'll put down Acid for the Children with your human sympathies expanded; you'll feel less alone.' The Atlantic Prikaži više

The Girl Online - 3 Book Set Titles in Collection: Girl Online Girl Online: on Tour Girl Online: Going Solo Girl Online The incredible #1 bestselling debut novel from YouTube phenomenon Zoe Sugg, aka Zoella, now in paperback. Contains exclusive extracts from the sequel. I have this dream that, secretly, all teenage girls feel exactly like me. And maybe one day, when we realize that we all feel the same, we can all stop pretending we're something we're not... But until that day, I'm going to keep it real on this blog and keep it unreal in real life. Penny has a secret. Under the alias Girl Online, Penny blogs her hidden feelings about friendship, boys, high school drama, her crazy family, and the panic attacks that have begun to take over her life. When things go from bad to worse, her family whisks her away to New York, where she meets Noah, a gorgeous, guitar-strumming American. Suddenly Penny is falling in love - and capturing every moment of it on her blog. But Noah has a secret, too, one that threatens to ruin Penny's cover - and her closest friendship - forever. Girl Online: On Tour The sequel to the number-one bestseller Girl Online. Penny's bags are packed . . . When Noah invites Penny on his European music tour, she can't wait to spend time with her rock-god-tastic boyfriend. But, between Noah's jam-packed schedule, less-than-welcoming bandmates and threatening messages from jealous fans, Penny wonders whether she's really cut out for life on tour. She can't help but miss her family, her best friend Elliot . . . and her blog, Girl Online. Can Penny learn to balance life and love on the road, or will she lose everything in pursuit of the perfect summer? Girl Online: Going Solo Penny's life is back to normal. As Penny starts the school year she's ready to face the world - alone. Noah has gone off the radar after ending his world tour early and no one, including Penny, knows where he is. So when she accepts Megan's invitation to visit her performing arts school it seems like an opportunity to make some new friends. Helping everyone else seems to be the right remedy. Elliot needs her friendship more than ever, and she meets Posey - struggling with stage fright and in need of support. But is charming Scottish boy Callum the right kind of distraction? And can Penny truly move on when Noah's shadow seems to haunt her round every corner? Prikaži više

Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History - 40th Edition On November 18, 1928, the world’s most famous Mouse made his very first public debut. Today, we celebrate 90+ years of Mickey in one of the most expansive illustrated publications on the Disney universe. Starting with the first sketches of a character who was almost named Mortimer, we trace the career of Walt Disney’s and Ub Iwerks’s most famous creation, one met with an explosion of worldwide popularity preceded only by the earlier successes of Charlie Chaplin. With unlimited access to Disney’s vast historical collections as well as public and private collections, the authors bring Mickey’s success story to life: concept art, story sketches, background paintings, and animation drawings as well as historical photographs trace the origins and evolution of such timeless favorites as Steamboat Willie, The Band Concert, and Brave Little Tailor. They also follow Mickey as he builds on this legendary library of short cartoons by appearing in two historic feature-length films, Fantasia and Fun and Fancy Free. Extensive archival research sheds new light on little-known chapters of Mickey’s career, the origins of the Mickey Mouse Club, and his use as a patriotic icon during World War II. Along the way, we encounter the work of all major Mickey artists in both film and comics, including such greats as Ub Iwerks, Win Smith, Ferdinand Horvath, Fred Moore, Floyd Gottfredson, Carl Barks, Manuel Gonzales, Paul Murry, Romano Scarpa, Giorgio Cavazzano, Byron Erickson, and César Ferioli. Mickey Mouse has left an indelible mark on everyday culture as well as high art, becoming a favored subject for Pop artists such as Andy Warhol, Keith Haring, and Roy Lichtenstein. As Walt Disney once said: “I only hope that we never lose sight of one thing―that it was all started by a mouse.” And an end to the success story is nowhere in sight. Today, 90+ years after his creation, Mickey remains as lovable and popular as ever. Let’s pay tribute to the little fellow, his legend, and his legacy with a monument to the one and only Mickey Mouse. Copyright © 2020 Disney Enterprises, Inc. About the series TASCHEN is 40! Since we started our work as cultural archaeologists in 1980, TASCHEN has become synonymous with accessible publishing, helping bookworms around the world curate their own library of art, anthropology, and aphrodisia at an unbeatable price. Today we celebrate 40 years of incredible books by staying true to our company credo. The 40 series presents new editions of some of the stars of our program―now more compact, friendly in price, and still realized with the same commitment to impeccable production. Prikaži više

Unwritten History 2006 728 strana : fotografijeISBN 978-0970919809Stanje : Odlično, posveta pisca! "Ratko Mladic: Tragic Hero" is the first book-length study to appear in English about the controversial Serbian general. It departs radically from mainstream news coverage of General Mladic because it presumes him to be innocent of charges of war crimes and genocide until he has been proven guilty. Furthermore, Ratko Mladic: Tragic Hero presumes that the West has been acting against its own best interests by supporting Islamic fundamentalist terrorism in the former Yugoslavia, while at the same time attempting to prosecute General Mladic for alleged crimes for which there is still no proof, even after the passage of more than a decade. Genegal Ratko Mladic was the first General to fight Islamic fundamentalism in Europe. Why has he been demonized while others, who have done little or nothing— or who have even aided and abetted the rise of Islamic fundamentalism— have been praised? "Ratko Mladic, Tragic Hero" consists of an abridgment of Mr. Stojadinovic’s book, "Ratko Mladic, Hero or War Criminal? " (Evro, Belgrade: 2001) which discusses Mladic’s biography, his successes and failures as a general, the dilemmas he faced as a soldier, and tries to answer the question: how good a general was he? and is he a war criminal? It is followed by "Bringing Democracy to Bosnia, " by Gregory Elich, a respected journalist whose work has appeared on counterpunch. org and Covert Action, which examines the results of the Dayton Peace Accords in Bosnia, and demonstrates that the West has imposed a dictatorship in Bosnia that benefits only globalists and multinational corporations. Background chapters provide a context for the Bosnian War that the mainstream media has systematically ignored. "Bosniacs, Nazi Muslims, Mujahideen, and Bin Laden" traces the rise of Bosnian Muslim fascism and its connection to Islamic fundamentalism as exemplified by the Nazi SS Handzar Division during WWII, which was organized by Himmler and Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem. Alija Izetbegovic, former President of Bosnia-Herzegovina, began his career as recruiter for the Handzar Division and acted as a historical link, connecting resurgent Muslim fascism and fundamentalism in Yugoslavia in the 1990s to that of WWII. "Ustashi, Murderer Monks, and the Modern Croatian State" examines the Ustashi Nazi Puppet state created by Hitler in Croatia during WWII, and the involvement of the Roman Catholic clergy in the administration of the Jasenovac death camp, as well as many others like it. The contemporary Croatian state is shown to be a direct heir to the Croatian Nazi puppet state of WWII. The most controversial chapter is "Srebrenica, the Phantom Massacre, " which analyzes the alleged "Srebrenica Massacre" and challenges the groundless accusation that "7,000 Muslim men and boys" were killed there. This analysis relies on mainstream news coverage of The Hague Tribunal, the work of independent analysts, and the Srebrenica Report (authored by Darko Trifunovic) that was issued by the Republika Srpska in 2002. UN High Representative Paddy Ashdown dismissed this 2002 Report without ever having read it. The analysis argues persuasively that at most about 1,800 armed Bosnian Muslim soldiers died in combat, and that about 100 were killed in summary executions. In other words, there was no massacre— only combat fatalities. Seventy pages of interviews with General Mladic appear in English for the first time, along with appendices that reprint key articles by David Binder, A. M. Rosenthal, Chris Hedges, Kosta Cavoski, and T. W. Carr. The Hague indictment is also reprinted "Ratko Mladic: Tragic Hero" will contribute to a greater understanding of General Mladic’s role in the Bosnian war that will benefit scholars, historians, journalists and students, as well as Americans who want to take a more critical look at U. S. military adventures overseas. Ratko Mladic is a tragic hero because he fought the rising tide of Islamic fundamentalism and neo-fascism in the Balkan

Unwritten History 2006 728 strana : fotografije ISBN ‎ 978-0970919809 odlična očuvanost, posveta pisca! `Ratko Mladic: Tragic Hero` is the first book-length study to appear in English about the controversial Serbian general. It departs radically from mainstream news coverage of General Mladic because it presumes him to be innocent of charges of war crimes and genocide until he has been proven guilty. Furthermore, Ratko Mladic: Tragic Hero presumes that the West has been acting against its own best interests by supporting Islamic fundamentalist terrorism in the former Yugoslavia, while at the same time attempting to prosecute General Mladic for alleged crimes for which there is still no proof, even after the passage of more than a decade. Genegal Ratko Mladic was the first General to fight Islamic fundamentalism in Europe. Why has he been demonized while others, who have done little or nothing— or who have even aided and abetted the rise of Islamic fundamentalism— have been praised? `Ratko Mladic, Tragic Hero` consists of an abridgment of Mr. Stojadinovic’s book, `Ratko Mladic, Hero or War Criminal? ` (Evro, Belgrade: 2001) which discusses Mladic’s biography, his successes and failures as a general, the dilemmas he faced as a soldier, and tries to answer the question: how good a general was he? and is he a war criminal? It is followed by `Bringing Democracy to Bosnia, ` by Gregory Elich, a respected journalist whose work has appeared on counterpunch. org and Covert Action, which examines the results of the Dayton Peace Accords in Bosnia, and demonstrates that the West has imposed a dictatorship in Bosnia that benefits only globalists and multinational corporations. Background chapters provide a context for the Bosnian War that the mainstream media has systematically ignored. `Bosniacs, Nazi Muslims, Mujahideen, and Bin Laden` traces the rise of Bosnian Muslim fascism and its connection to Islamic fundamentalism as exemplified by the Nazi SS Handzar Division during WWII, which was organized by Himmler and Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem. Alija Izetbegovic, former President of Bosnia-Herzegovina, began his career as recruiter for the Handzar Division and acted as a historical link, connecting resurgent Muslim fascism and fundamentalism in Yugoslavia in the 1990s to that of WWII. `Ustashi, Murderer Monks, and the Modern Croatian State` examines the Ustashi Nazi Puppet state created by Hitler in Croatia during WWII, and the involvement of the Roman Catholic clergy in the administration of the Jasenovac death camp, as well as many others like it. The contemporary Croatian state is shown to be a direct heir to the Croatian Nazi puppet state of WWII. The most controversial chapter is `Srebrenica, the Phantom Massacre, ` which analyzes the alleged `Srebrenica Massacre` and challenges the groundless accusation that `7,000 Muslim men and boys` were killed there. This analysis relies on mainstream news coverage of The Hague Tribunal, the work of independent analysts, and the Srebrenica Report (authored by Darko Trifunovic) that was issued by the Republika Srpska in 2002. UN High Representative Paddy Ashdown dismissed this 2002 Report without ever having read it. The analysis argues persuasively that at most about 1,800 armed Bosnian Muslim soldiers died in combat, and that about 100 were killed in summary executions. In other words, there was no massacre— only combat fatalities. Seventy pages of interviews with General Mladic appear in English for the first time, along with appendices that reprint key articles by David Binder, A. M. Rosenthal, Chris Hedges, Kosta Cavoski, and T. W. Carr. The Hague indictment is also reprinted `Ratko Mladic: Tragic Hero` will contribute to a greater understanding of General Mladic’s role in the Bosnian war that will benefit scholars, historians, journalists and students, as well as Americans who want to take a more critical look at U. S. military adventures overseas. Ratko Mladic is a tragic hero because he fought the rising tide of Islamic fundamentalism and neo-fascism in the Balkan

Guy Sajer - Zaboravljeni vojnik I-II Memoari vojnika GrossDeutschland divizije Otokar Kersovani, Rijeka, 1975. Tvrd povez, zastitni omoti pohabani, 249+285 strana. Možda i najbolje autobiografsko delo običnog vojnika, učesnika Drugog svetskog rata i borbi na Istoku. Mladić koji prolazi pakao Istočnog fronta u uniformi elitne Grossdeutschland divizije prepričava svoja sećanja na ratne strahote koje je preživeo. Autor ne barata preciznim pojmovima o kalibru topova, brzini tenkova i slično, ali priča iz ugla onoga ko je podneo najgore momente ratnih dešavanja na frontu. Neverovatni, surovi, živopisni opisi, iz prvog lica, velikog broja borbi na Istočnom frontu. Od pobedonostnih momenata i izbijanja na Don, preko Staljingradske katastrofe, Kurska, povlačenja na Dnjepar, Ukrajinu, Prusiju do konačnog sloma Trećeg Rajha. Knjiga koja se čita u jednom dahu i na momente možete da osetite patnju i strahove koje je pisac preživeo i koje su mu ostale trajno urezane u sećanje. Ono što ne možete naći u memoarima raznih vojskovodja i generala, a što zaokuplja svakog vojnika na frontu je neopisiv strah, borba sa vremenskim neprilikama, borba sa samim sobom, glad, nesanica, proliv, raznesena tela prijatelja itd… Guy Mouminoux (13 January 1927 – 11 January 2022), known by the pseudonym Guy Sajer, was a French writer and cartoonist who is best known as the author of the Second World War memoir Le Soldat Oublié (1965, translated as The Forgotten Soldier), which recounts his experience serving in the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front from 1942 to 1945, in the elite Großdeutschland Division. After the war, Mouminoux had a long career as a cartoonist, writing and illustrating under his real name, and also under the pen names Dimitri, and Dimitri Lahache. Early life Guy Mouminoux was born in Paris on 13 January 1927, the son of a French father and an Alsatian German mother whose maiden name was Sajer. He was raised in Alsace, which was effectively annexed by Germany in 1940 following the Fall of France. According to his autobiography The Forgotten Soldier, Sajer joined the Wehrmacht in 1942, aged 16. `My parents were country people, born hundreds of miles apart, a distance filled with difficulties. There were two flags for me to honour. I entered the service, dreamed and hoped. I also knew cold and fear in places never seen by Lili Marlene`.[1] World War II Main article: The Forgotten Soldier Mouminoux wrote about his experience on the Eastern Front during World War II in his book Le Soldat Oublié (The Forgotten Soldier), published in 1965, more than 20 years after the events it describes, under the pseudonym Guy Sajer. The author states that he was an inhabitant of Alsace drafted into the German Wehrmacht at age 16, in 1942, (the author is mistaken on this point as he would`ve been 15 at this time given that he was born on January 13, 1927) and that he fought in the elite Großdeutschland Division during World War II, taking his mother`s name so as to blend in better with his German comrades. The accuracy and authenticity of the book have been disputed by some historians, who argue that the book is not a completely factual account, but rather a romanticised novel - a roman à clef.[2] Some of the details in the book, such as the precise location of the division`s insignia, are incorrect, while others are impossible to verify due to the lack of surviving witnesses or official documents, most of which were destroyed during or after the war.[3] In a later interview, the author recalled: `It`s a story... of a man forced to do things he did not want to do. When Alsace, where I lived, was annexed by Germany, I was 13 years old. From a youth camp in Strasbourg, I moved to a youth camp in Kehl, Germany. We dreamed of being real soldiers... I found myself in the Wehrmacht, the German army. What would you have me do? As a deserter, I would have been shot...We trailed in the mud, we did not sleep and we were afraid, it was terror. But I do not regret anything, I`m glad I knew it, even if it was very hard`.[4] Career as comic artist After the war, Mouminoux worked extensively in comics published for the Franco-Belgian market under his real name, and also a variety of pseudonyms: `Lahache`, `Dimitri Lahache` and just `Dimitri`. Mouminoux`s comics often include the theme of war and plenty of black humor.[5] He made his debut as a comic artist in 1946, working extensively in the 1950s and 1960s for the French magazine Cœurs Vaillants and its two spin-offs from Catholic publisher Fleurus, creating comics of a mostly historical nature, inspired by his predecessor Jijé. For Fleurus, he co-illustrated two educational books together with younger colleague and future French comic great Jean Giraud, who was also employed at the publisher as comic artist in the period 1956-1958.[6] After a couple of early editorial illustrations, Mouminoux followed his colleague into the employ of publisher Dargaud in the 1960s, where he created several humoristic comics for its magazine Pilote aside from providing additional illustrations for the editorials.[7] He also befriended his earlier role model Jijé, and became assistant on the adventure Jean Valhardi series. The publication of The Forgotten Soldier in 1965 brought Mouminoux success as a writer, but also cost him his job as a comic artist. `It allowed me to live for years. [But] If I chose to publish my novel under a pseudonym [it] was precisely not to mix everything... Now everyone knows it`s me, but at the time, I was furious. I got fired from Pilote because of that.`[4] In May 2000 Mouminoux published a comic book account of the Battle of Kursk, again drawing on his personal experiences in WW2, titled Kursk: Tourmente d`Acier, under his pen name Dimitri.[8] Later life and death He died on 11 January 2022, at the age of 94.[9] The Forgotten Soldier (1965), originally published in French as Le soldat oublié, is an account by Guy Sajer (pseudonym of Guy Mouminoux) of his experiences as a German soldier on the Eastern Front during World War II. With reference to the author`s ambiguous relationship to war, the book has been called `the account of a disastrous love affair with war and with the army that, of all modern armies, most loved war`, being written with the `admiration of a semi-outsider`.[1] The English edition was translated by Lily Emmet.[2] Personal narrative Sajer wrote that The Forgotten Soldier was intended as a personal narrative, stressing the non-technical and anecdotal nature of his book. In a 1997 letter to US Army historian Douglas Nash, he stated that, `Apart from the emotions I brought out, I confess my numerous mistakes. That is why I would like that this book may not be used under [any] circumstances as a strategic or chronological reference.`[3] After reading Sajer`s latest letter, one of his staunchest critics—Großdeutschland Veteran`s Association leader Helmuth Spaeter—recanted his original suspicions of Sajer, noting `I have underestimated Herr Sajer and my respect for him has greatly increased. I am myself more of a writer who deals with facts and specifics, much less like one who writes in a literary way. For this reason, I was very skeptical towards the content of his book.`[3] The British writer Alan Clark, author of Barbarossa: The Russian-German Conflict 1941–45, refers to Sajer`s book in his Diaries as a book `to which AC [Alan Clark] often turned`.[4] The book was considered by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College to be an accurate roman à clef and has remained on its recommended reading list for World War II, along with other historical novels. It is also on the recommended reading list of the Commandant of the United States Marines Corps.[5] Reviews and critical commentary The book was reviewed in The New York Times by J. Glenn Gray in 1971.[2] He reports the `book is painful to get through. But it is also difficult to put down and is worth the cost in horror that reading it entails.` Other reviews from 1971 include The New Yorker,[6] Time magazine,[1] and The New Republic by James Walt.[7] Walt says the book is not anti-war but an accounting of those soldiers caught up in events bigger than themselves. Other more recent English reviewers include James Varner in Military Review in 2009.[8] Jason S. Ridler in `War in the Precious Graveyard: Death through the Eyes of Guy Sajer`, from the journal War, Literature, and the Arts suggests that Sajer idealized death in battle, and Sajer`s reactions to corpses in the book reveals survivor guilt.[9] Criticism The accuracy and authenticity of the book have been disputed by some historians. Some of the details Sajer mentions appear to be incorrect, while other are impossible to verify due to the lack of surviving witnesses and documents. The most frequently cited inaccuracy is Sajer`s statement that, after being awarded the coveted Grossdeutschland Division cuff title, he and a friend were ordered to sew it on their left sleeves, when it is well established that this specific unit always wore their cuff titles on the right sleeve. Edwin Kennedy wrote that this error was `unimaginable` for a former member of such an elite German unit. Sajer also discusses campaign locations in vague terms and never with specific dates. For example, he asserts that during the summer of 1942 he was briefly assigned to a Luftwaffe training unit in Chemnitz commanded by famed Stuka ace Hans-Ulrich Rudel, but according to Rudel himself, his training unit was actually in Graz, Austria, during the whole of 1942. Sajer mentions seeing `the formidable Focke-Wulf [...] 195s, which could soar up quickly,`[10] taking off from an airfield outside Berlin, when no such aircraft ever existed (a Focke-Wulf projekt 195, a heavy transport, was in the pipeline, but never got off the drawing board[11]). Finally, the names of most of Sajer`s companions and leaders do not appear on official rolls in the Bundesarchiv, nor are they known to the Grossdeutschland Veterans Association, whose leader, Helmuth Spaeter, was one of the first to question whether Sajer actually served in the Grossdeutschland Division as he claimed. However, some authors and other Großdeutschland veterans have testified to the book`s historical plausibility, even if they cannot speak to the specific events in the book. Lieutenant Hans Joachim Schafmeister-Berckholtz, who served in the Grossdeutschland Division during the same period as Sajer, confirmed in a letter that he had read the book and considered it an accurate overall account of the Division`s battles in the East, while also noting that he remembered a Landser named Sajer in his (5th) Panzergrenadier company, the same company number Sajer mentions being assigned to (though there was more than one `5th Company` in the Division). Sajer himself struck back against implications of fraud or fiction by claiming that The Forgotten Soldier was intended as his own personal recollections of an intensely chaotic period in German military history, and not an attempt at a serious historical study of World War II: `You ask me questions of chronology, situations, dates, and unimportant details. Historians and archivists have harassed me for a long time with their rude questions. All of this is unimportant. Other authors and high-ranking officers could respond to your questions better than I. I never had the intention to write a historical reference book; rather, I wrote about my innermost emotional experiences as they relate to the events that happened to me in the context of the Second World War.`[3] Film rights Dutch film director Paul Verhoeven has discussed with Sajer the possibility of turning The Forgotten Soldier into a film.[12]

format: 2LP gatefold, UK pressing artist: SUMMER, Donna (USA) title: Once upon a time... release date: 1977 label, Cat. No.: Casablanca, CALD 5003 style: disco ODLIČAN primerak!!! Jedna ploča je M (5), druga NM (5-), omot: NM (5-), a inserti: MINT (5). Originalno englesko izdanje sa omotom od čvrstog kartona i insertima. Act 1 A1 Once Upon A Time 4:02 A2 Faster And Faster To Nowhere 3:34 A3 Fairy Tale High 4:25 A4 Say Something Nice 4:44 Act 2 B1 Now I Need You 6:09 B2 Working The Midnight Shift 5:07 B3 Queen For A Day 5:59 Act 3 C1 If You Got It Flaunt It 4:43 C2 A Man Like You 3:34 C3 Sweet Romance 4:31 C4 (Theme) Once Upon A Time 0:48 C5 Dance Into My Life 4:10 Act 4 D1 Rumour Has It 4:57 D2 I Love You 4:43 D3 Happily Ever After 3:51 D4 (Theme) Once Upon A Time 1:42 ===================================================================== U svojoj prodajnoj kolekciji imam sledeće LP ploče DONNE SUMMER: DONNA SUMMER - selektivna vinilna LP diskografija: 1) LP DONNA SUMMER - `Love To Love You Baby` (1975) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75234133_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Love-To-Love-You-Baby-1975-Canada https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70395113_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Love-To-Love-You-Baby-1975-Italy https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75234001_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Love-To-Love-You-Baby-1975-USA https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75234041_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Love-To-Love-You-Baby-1975-France 2) LP DONNA SUMMER - `A Love Trilogy` (1976) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/65063985_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-A-Love-Trilogy-1976-Brazilski-press https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233461_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-A-Love-Trilogy-1978-Spain-ODLICNA 3) LP DONNA SUMMER - `Four Seasons Of Love` (1976) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233361_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Four-Seasons-Of-Love-76-France-VG- 4) 2LP DONNA SUMMER - `Once Upon A Time` (1977) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/65205381_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Once-Upon-A-Time-1977-UK-press-NM https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233409_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Once-Upon-A-Time-1977-Germany-NM 5) LP DONNA SUMMER - `I Remember Yesterday` (1977) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233233_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-I-Remember-Yesterday-1977-Germany-M 6) LP DONNA SUMMER - `Star-Collection` (1977) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75232601_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Star-Collection-77-Germany-PERFEKT 7) LP DONNA SUMMER - `Greatest Hits` (1977) 8) 2LP DONNA SUMMER - `Live And More` (1978) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/65063841_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Live-And-More-78-Germany-PERFEKTNA https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233865_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Live-And-More-1978-USA-VG-NM https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233761_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Live-And-More-1980-PERFEKTNA https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233785_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Live-And-More-1980-NM-VG- https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233813_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Live-And-More-1980-veoma-dobra 9) 2LP DONNA SUMMER - `Bad Girls` (1979) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75232433_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1979-USA-vrlo-dobra https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75232309_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1979-Italy-veoma-dobra https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70394961_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1980-PERFEKTNA https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70394969_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1980-VG-VG-vrlo-dobra https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70394973_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1980-VG-VG- https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75232097_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1980-vrlo-dobra-VG-VG- https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/65594821_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1980-YU-licenca https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/65063669_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1980-VG- https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70395013_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1980-G- https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70395169_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Bad-Girls-1980-samo-jedna-ploca 10) 2LP DONNA SUMMER - `On The Radio - Greatest Hits Volumes I & II` (1979) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75232885_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Greatest-Hits-I-II-79-USA-PERFEKT https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75232773_2LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Greatest-Hits-I-II-1979-Germany-NM 11) LP DONNA SUMMER - `Greatest Hits` - Volume One` (1979) 12) LP DONNA SUMMER - `Greatest Hits` - Volume Two` (1979) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75232925_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Greatest-Hits-2-1979-Australia-MINT 13) LP DONNA SUMMER - `The Wanderer` (1980) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233697_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-The-Wanderer-1980-Germany-PERFEKTNA https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/67855669_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-The-Wanderer-1981-NM-VG-odlicna https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233665_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-The-Wanderer-1981-veoma-dobra 14) LP DONNA SUMMER - `Donna Summer` (1982) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233069_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-Donna-Summer-1982-Germany-ODLICNA 15) LP DONNA SUMMER - `She Works Hard For The Money` (1983) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233597_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-She-works-hard-for-1984-PERFEKTNA https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70394941_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-She-works-hard-for-the-1984-ODLICNA https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75233617_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-She-works-hard-for-the-1984-NM-VG- https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/65063897_LP-DONNA-SUMMER-She-works-hard-1984-veoma-dobra ===================================================================== DONNA SUMMER - selektivna vinilna singl diskografija: 1) SP DONNA SUMMER - `Lady Of The Night / Wounded` (1974) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/75234209_SP-DONNA-SUMMER-Lady-Of-The-Night-1975-Germany-NM 2) SP DONNA SUMMER - `Hot Stuff / Journey To The Centre Of Your Heart` (1979) https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70394873_SP-DONNA-SUMMER-Hot-Stuff-1980-VG https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70394893_SP-DONNA-SUMMER-Hot-Stuff-1980-VG- https://www.kupindo.com/Ploce/70394897_SP-DONNA-SUMMER-Hot-Stuff-1980-G-

Odlično stanje Jack Ma Yun[a] (Chinese: 马云; pinyin: Mǎ Yún; born 10 September 1964) is a Chinese business magnate, investor and philanthropist. He is the co-founder of Alibaba Group, a multinational technology conglomerate. In addition, Ma is also the co-founder of Yunfeng Capital, a Chinese private equity firm. As of June 2023, with a net worth of $34.5 billion, Ma is the fourth-wealthiest person in China (after Zhong Shanshan, Zhang Yiming and Ma Huateng), as well as the 39th wealthiest person in the world, ranked by Bloomberg Billionaires Index.[2] Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Ma earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in English upon graduating from Hangzhou Normal University in 1988. He became an English lecturer and international trade lecturer at Hangzhou Dianzi University following graduation. Later taking an interest in the emergence of the internet business, he established his first business in 1994, only to end up forming a second company after learning more about the internet and the commercial business possibilities that could be potentially exploited from its emerging growth. From 1998 to 1999, he led an information technology company founded by the Chinese government, later leaving it to start the Alibaba Group with his colleagues in 1999. The company was initially founded as B2B e-commerce marketplace website, yet the company later expanded into a wide range of industry domains across the Chinese economy, including e-commerce, high-technology, and online payment solutions. In 2017, Ma was ranked second in the annual `World`s 50 Greatest Leaders` list by Fortune.[3] He has widely been considered as an informal global ambassador in Chinese business circles, and has continued to remain an influential figure in the Chinese business community and scene of startup companies.[4] In September 2018, he announced that he would retire from Alibaba and pursue educational work, philanthropy, and environmental causes;[5][6][7][8] the following year, Daniel Zhang succeeded him as executive chairman.[9][10] In 2020, the Chinese government stopped plans for an IPO called for the digital payment solutions company Ant Group, a company that he founded after he delivered a speech that criticized Chinese financial regulators for putting too much priority in minimizing risk.[11][12] In 2019, Forbes Magazine named Ma in its list of `Asia`s 2019 Heroes of Philanthropy` for his humanitarian and philanthropic work supporting underprivileged communities in China, Africa, Australia, and the Middle East.[5][13] In April 2021, Jack Ma ranked 26th in the `2021 Forbes Global Rich List` with a fortune of $48.4 billion USD.[14] Early life and education[edit] Ma was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang on September 10, 1964 as Ma Yun.[15] He became interested in English as a young boy and began practicing with English speakers in the Hangzhou International Hotel. Ma`s grandfather served as a security guard during the Second Sino-Japanese War. At the age of 12, Ma bought a pocket radio and began listening to English radio stations frequently. For nine years, Ma rode 27 km (17 miles) on his bicycle every day to work as a tour guide of Hangzhou for foreigners in order to practice his English. He became pen pals with one of those foreigners, who nicknamed him `Jack` because he found it hard to pronounce his Chinese name.[16] When Ma was 13 years old, he was forced to transfer to Hangzhou No. 8 Middle School as he kept getting caught in fights. In his early school days, Ma did not fare well scholastically, and it took two years for him to gain acceptance at an ordinary Chinese high school, as he only got 31 points in mathematics on the Chinese high school entrance exam. In 1982, at the age of 18, Ma failed the nation-wide Chinese college entrance exam, obtaining only 1 point in mathematics. Afterwards, he and his cousin applied to be waiters at a nearby hotel. His cousin was hired, but Ma was rejected on the grounds that he was `too skinny, too short, and in general, protruded a bad physical appearance that may have potentially ended up hurting the restaurant`s image and reputation.`[17] In 1983, Ma failed his college entrance exam again for the second time. However, his mathematics score improved, with Ma managing to obtain 19 points. In 1984, despite strong opposition from his family to persuade him to give up on pursuing higher education and choose a different career path, Ma remained steadfastly determined as he decided to take the college entrance examination for the third time. This time, he scored 89 points in the mathematics section. However, the expected amount of marks as benchmark eligibility entrance requirements for prospective university undergraduates was standardized as five points above Ma`s score. Since the enrollment target for English majors was not met, some prospective students had the opportunity to be accepted and promoted into Hangzhou Normal University`s English department, with Ma ending up promoted to the undergraduate foreign language major. After entering Hangzhou Normal University, Ma`s academic performance began to improve substantially as he steadily achieved scholarly excellence over the course of his undergraduate studies. In recognition of his burgeoning academic achievements, Ma was consistently ranked as among the top five students in the university`s foreign language department due to his extensive English-language skills. While witnessing an enormous improvement in his scholastic performance throughout his undergraduate years, Ma was also elected as the chairman of the student union, and later served as the chairman of the Hangzhou Federation of Students for two terms.[17] In 1988, Ma graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in English.[18][19] After graduation, he became a lecturer in English and international trade at Hangzhou Dianzi University. Ma also claims to have applied to Harvard Business School ten times consecutively, only to have ended up being rejected every time in spite of his persistent efforts.[20] Business career[edit] Early career[edit] According to Ma`s autobiographical speech,[21] after graduating from Hangzhou Normal University in 1988, Ma applied for 31 different odd entry-level jobs and was rejected for every single one. `I went for a job with the KFC; they said, `you`re no good``, Ma told interviewer Charlie Rose. `I even went to KFC when it came to my city. Twenty-four people went for the job. Twenty-three were accepted. I was the only guy [rejected]...`.[22][23] During this period, China was nearing the end of its first decade following Deng Xiaoping`s economic reforms. In 1994, Ma heard about the Internet and also started his first company,[24] Hangzhou Haibo Translation Agency (杭州海波翻譯社, Hángzhōu Hǎibō Fānyì Shè), an online Chinese translation agency. In early 1995, he travelled abroad to the United States on behalf of the Hangzhou municipal government with fellow colleagues who had helped introduce him to the Internet.[24] Although he found information related to beer from many countries, he was surprised to find none from China. He also tried to search for general information about China and again was surprised to find none. So he and his friend created an `ugly` website pertaining to information regarding Chinese beer.[25] He launched the website at 9:40 AM, and by 12:30 PM he had received emails from prospective Chinese investors wishing to know more about him and his website. This was when Ma realized that the Internet had something great to offer. In April 1995, Ma and his business partner He Yibing (a computer instructor), opened the first office for China Pages, and Ma started their second company. On May 10, 1995, the pair registered the domain chinapages.com in the United States. Within a span of three years, China Pages cleared approximately 5,000,000 RMB in profit which at the time was equivalent to USD$642,998 (approximately $1.18 million today). Ma began building websites for Chinese companies with the help of friends in the United States. He said that `The day we got connected to the Web, I invited friends and TV people over to my house`, and on a very slow dial-up connection, `we waited three and a half hours and got half a page`, he recalled. `We drank, watched TV and played cards, waiting. But I was so proud. I proved the Internet existed`.[26] At a conference in 2010, Ma revealed that despite achieving massive entrepreneurial success in the Chinese high-technology industry, he has never actually written a line of code nor made one sale to a customer and that he only acquired a computer for the first time at the age of 33.[27] From 1998 to 1999, Ma headed an information technology company established by the China International Electronic Commerce Center, a department of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. In 1999, he quit and returned to Hangzhou with his team to establish Alibaba, a Hangzhou-based business-to-business marketplace site in his apartment with a group of 18 friends.[28] He started a new round of venture development with 500,000 yuan. In October 1999 and January 2000, Alibaba won a total of a $25 million foreign venture seed capital from the American investment bank, Goldman Sachs and the Japanese investment management conglomerate SoftBank.[24] The program was expected to improve the domestic Chinese e-commerce market and perfect an e-commerce platform for online Chinese enterprises to establish a presence for themselves to compete, especially fostering the growth of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as addressing challenges surrounding China`s entrance into the World Trade Organization in 2001. Eventually, Alibaba began to show signs of profitability three years later as Ma wanted to improve the global e-commerce system. From 2003 onwards, Ma established Taobao Marketplace, Alipay, Ali Mama and Lynx. After the rapid rise of Taobao, American e-commerce giant eBay offered to purchase the company. However, Ma rejected their offer, instead garnering support from Yahoo co-founder Jerry Yang who offered a $1 billion investment in upfront capital for the potential purpose of expanding Alibaba`s corporate operations. Chairman of Alibaba Group[edit] Ma speaking at the 2007 China Trust Global Leaders Forum. Since 1999, Ma served as the executive chairman of Alibaba Group, which has remained one of China`s most prominent high-technology holding companies in the two decades since it inception presiding over nine major subsidiaries: Alibaba.com, Taobao Marketplace, Tmall, eTao, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Juhuasuan, 1688.com, AliExpress.com, and Alipay. At the annual general meeting of shareholders for Alibaba.com in May 2010, Ma announced Alibaba Group would begin in 2010 to earmark 0.3% of annual revenue to environmental protection, particularly on water- and air-quality improvement projects. Of the future of Alibaba, he has said, `our challenge is to help more people to make healthy money, `sustainable money`, money that is not only good for themselves but also good for the society. That`s the transformation we are aiming to make.`[29] In 2011, it was announced that one of his companies had gained control of Alipay, formerly a subsidiary of Alibaba Group, so as to `comply with Chinese law governing payment companies in order to secure a license to continue operating Alipay.[30] Numerous analysts reported that Ma sold Alipay to himself below market value without notifying the board of Alibaba Group or the other major owners Yahoo and Softbank, while Ma stated that Alibaba Group`s board of directors were aware of the transaction. The ownership dispute was resolved by Alibaba Group, Yahoo! and Softbank in July 2011.[31] In November 2012, Alibaba`s online transaction volume exceeded one trillion yuan. Ma stepped down as the chief executive officer of Alibaba on May 10, 2013 but remained as the executive chairman of the corporation. In September 2014, it was reported that Alibaba was raising over $25 billion in an initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange.[32] As of 2016, Ma is the owner of Château de Sours in Bordeaux, Chateau Guerry in Côtes de Bourg and Château Perenne in Blaye, Côtes de Bordeaux.[33] Ma speaking on the future of online trade and globalization at the World Economic Forum in 2017. On January 9, 2017, Ma met with United States President-elect Donald Trump at Trump Tower, to discuss the potential of 1 million job openings in the following five years through the expansion of the presence of Alibaba`s business interests in the United States.[34] On September 8, 2017, to celebrate Alibaba`s 18th year of its establishment, Ma appeared on stage and gave a Michael Jackson-inspired performance. He also performed a partial rendition of Elton John`s 1994 hit single Can You Feel The Love Tonight while being dressed up as a lead heavy metal singer at a 2009 Alibaba birthday event.[35] In the same month, Ma also partnered with Hong Kong business tycoon, Sir Li Ka-shing in a joint venture to offer a digital wallet service in Hong Kong.[36] Ma announced on September 10, 2018 that he would step down as executive chairman of Alibaba Group Holding in the coming year.[37] Ma denied reports that he was forced to step aside by the Chinese government[38] and stated that he wants to focus on philanthropy through his foundation.[39] Daniel Zhang would then lead Alibaba as the current executive chairman.[40][10] Ma stepped down from the board of Alibaba on 1 October 2020.[41] Disappearance from the public eye[edit] News outlets noted a lack of public appearances from Ma between October 2020 and January 2021, coinciding with a regulatory crackdown on his businesses.[42] The Financial Times reported that the disappearance may have been connected to a speech given at the annual People`s Bank of China financial markets forum,[43] in which Ma criticized China`s regulators and banks.[43] In November 2020, the Financial Times reported the abrupt cancellation of the Ant Group`s anticipated[44] initial public offering (IPO)[45] after an intervention by financial regulators. According to Chinese bankers and officials, financial stability was the objective behind the intervention.[43] Some commentators speculated that Ma may have been a victim of forced disappearance,[46][47][48][49] while others speculated that he could be voluntarily lying low.[46][50] Ma made a public appearance again on 20 January 2021, speaking via video link to a group of rural teachers at a charitable event, the annual Rural Teacher Initiative.[42][51] In February 2021, Bloomberg reported that he was seen golfing at the Sun Valley Golf Resort in the Chinese island of Hainan.[52] In March 2021, Ma and Alibaba were ordered by Chinese regulators to sell off certain media companies, including Hong Kong`s South China Morning Post, as part of a Chinese campaign to curb the influence wielded by giant digital conglomerates.[53] In October 2021, Reuters reported Ma was on the Spanish island of Mallorca shopping at a local store. His superyacht was anchored in the Port of Andratx.[54] In November 2022, Ma was reportedly living a low profile life in Tokyo, Japan, for nearly six months, and occasionally traveling abroad.[55] In March 2023, Ma was spotted for the first time at the Yungu school in Hangzhou, China. Photos and videos of Ma touring the school appeared on social media confirming the appearance of the billionaire for the first time in several months. The school is funded by his company and is located near the company`s headquarters.[56] He was reportedly persuaded to return by premier Li Qiang.[57] In the same month, Alibaba Group would turn into a holding company and its subsidiaries would separate into six independent firms; The Wall Street Journal reported on 30 March that Ma engineered this in talks with company CEO Daniel Zhang while he was overseas.[58] Teaching[edit] In May 2023, Tokyo College, a research institute at the University of Tokyo, announced that Ma had been appointed a Visiting Professor and would work at the institute until at least October 2023.[59] His research focus would include sustainable agriculture, food production, and lectures on entrepreneurship. The Financial Times described the announcement as `a rare public statement of the billionaire`s commitments outside China.`[60] Entertainment career[edit] In 2017, Ma made his acting debut with his first kung fu short film Gong Shou Dao. It was filmed in collaboration with the Double 11 Shopping Carnival Singles` Day. In the same year, he also participated in a singing festival and performed dances during Alibaba`s 18th-anniversary party.[61][62][63] In November 2020, in the finale of Africa’s Business Heroes, Ma was replaced as a judge in the television show, with Alibaba executive Peng Lei taking his place, reportedly `Due to a schedule conflict`.[64] Awards and honors[edit] In 2004, Ma was honored as one of the `Top 10 Economic Personalities of the Year` by China Central Television (CCTV).[65] In September 2005, the World Economic Forum selected Ma as a `Young Global Leader`.[65] Fortune also selected him as one of the `25 Most Powerful Businesspeople in Asia` in 2005.[65] Businessweek also selected him as a `Businessperson of the Year` in 2007.[66] In 2008, Barron`s featured him as one of the 30 `World`s Best CEOs`[67] In May 2009, Time magazine listed Ma as one of the world`s 100 most powerful people. In reporting Ma`s accomplishments, Adi Ignatius, former Time senior editor and editor-in-chief of the Harvard Business Review, noted that `the Chinese Internet entrepreneur is soft-spoken and elf-like—and he speaks really good English` and remarked that `Taobao.com, Mr. Ma`s consumer-auction website, conquered eBay in China.`[68] He was also included in this list in 2014.[69] BusinessWeek chose him as one of China`s Most Powerful People.[70] Forbes China also selected him as one of the Top 10 Most Respected Entrepreneurs in China by in 2009. Ma received the 2009 CCTV Economic Person of the Year: Business Leaders of the Decade Award. In 2010, Ma was selected by Forbes Asia as one of Asia`s Heroes of Philanthropy for his contribution to disaster relief and poverty.[71] Ma was awarded an honorary doctoral degree by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in November 2013.[72] Ma was a board member of Japan`s SoftBank (2007–2020)[73] and China`s Huayi Brothers Media Corporation.[citation needed] He became a trustee of The Nature Conservancy`s China program in 2009 and joined its global board of directors in April 2010. In 2013, he became chairman of the board for The Nature Conservancy`s China Program; this was one day after he stepped down from Alibaba as company CEO.[74][75] In 2014, he was ranked as the 30th-most-powerful person in the world in an annual ranking published by Forbes.[76] In 2015, Asian Award honoured him with the Entrepreneur of the Year award.[77] In 2016, he was awarded the Chevalier of the French Legion of Honour by French Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development Laurent Fabius.[78] In 2017, Fortune ranked Ma second on its World`s 50 Greatest Leaders list.[79] In 2017, a KPMG survey ranked Ma third in global tech innovation visionary survey.[80] In October 2017, Ma was given an honorary degree of Doctor of Science in Technopreneurship from De La Salle University Manila, Philippines.[81] In May 2018, Ma was given an honorary degree of Doctor of Social Sciences by the University of Hong Kong in recognition of his contributions to technology, society and the world.[82] In May 2018, Ma received an honorary doctorate from professors Yaakov Frenkel and Yaron Oz at the Tel Aviv University.[83] In May 2019, Ma and other 16 influential global figures were appointed by Secretary-General of the United Nations as the new advocates for sustainable development goals.[84] In July 2020, Ma received from King Abdullah II a first class medal for his contribution in fighting back against the COVID-19 pandemic.[85] In August 2020, Ma was to receive from the President of Pakistan a Hilal e Quaid e Azam medal for his contribution in fighting back against the COVID-19 pandemic.[86] Views[edit] Ma is an adherent of both Buddhism and Taoism.[87][88][89] On September 24, 2014, in an interview with Taobao, Ma attributed the strength of American society to the country being rooted in its Judeo-Christian heritage and expressed his belief in the importance for China to implement a positive value system in order to overcome the aftermath and legacy of the bygone Cultural Revolution.[90] In November 2018, the People`s Daily identified Ma as a member of the Chinese Communist Party, something which surprised observers.[91][92][93] Ma received international criticism after he publicly endorsed the Chinese work practice known as the 996 working hour system.[94] When asked in 2019 to give his views on the future, Ma again stated that 996 was currently a `huge blessing` necessary to achieve success, but went on to state that artificial intelligence technology might lead to a better life of leisure in the future, where people would only have to work four-hour work days, three days a week.[95][96] At the same time, Ma expressed skepticism that AI could ever completely replace people, referencing to his theory that success requires a `love quotient` and stating that machines can never match this success. Ma also predicted that population collapse would become a big problem in the future.[97][98] Philanthropy[edit] Main article: Jack Ma Foundation Jack Ma is the founder of the Jack Ma Foundation, a philanthropic organization focused on improving education, the environment and public health.[99] In 2008, Alibaba donated $808,000 to victims of the Sichuan earthquake.[100] In 2009 Jack Ma became a trustee of The Nature Conservancy`s China program, and in 2010 he joined the global Board of Directors of the organization.[101] In 2015, Alibaba launched a nonprofit organization, Alibaba Hong Kong Young Entrepreneurs Foundation, which supports Hong Kong entrepreneurs to help them grow their businesses.[102][103] In the same year, the company funded the rebuilding of 1,000 houses damaged by the earthquake-hit in Nepal, and raised money for another 9,000.[104] In 2015 he also founded the Hupan School,[105] a business school. In September 2018 Ma started the Jack Ma Foundation and announced that he would retire from Alibaba to pursue educational work, philanthropy, and environmental causes.[5][6][7][8] In 2019, Forbes named Ma in its list of `Asia`s 2019 Heroes of Philanthropy` and awarded him the Malcolm S. Forbes Lifetime Achievement Award for his work supporting underprivileged communities in China, Africa, Australia, and the Middle East.[5][13] In 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Alibaba Foundation and Jack Ma Foundation launched various initiatives, some of which involved donating medical supplies to the United States as well as various countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe.[106][107]

odlično stanje There would be no need for sociology if everyone understood the social frameworks within which we operate. That we do have a connection to the larger picture is largely thanks to the pioneering thinker Emile Durkheim. He recognized that, if anything can explain how we as individuals relate to society, then it is suicide: Why does it happen? What goes wrong? Why is it more common in some places than others? In seeking answers to these questions, Durkheim wrote a work that has fascinated, challenged and informed its readers for over a hundred years. Far-sighted and trail-blazing in its conclusions, Suicide makes an immense contribution to our understanding to what must surely be one of the least understandable of acts. A brilliant study, it is regarded as one of the most important books Durkheim ever wrote. Publication date 23 Feb 2002 Publisher Taylor & Francis Ltd Imprint ROUTLEDGE Suicide (French: Le suicide) is an 1897 book written by French sociologist Émile Durkheim. It was the first methodological study of a social fact in the context of society. It is ostensibly a case study of suicide, a publication unique for its time that provided an example of what the sociological monograph should look like. According to Durkheim, the term suicide is applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result.[1] In his view, suicide comes in four kinds: Egoistic suicide reflects a prolonged sense of not belonging, of not being integrated in a community. It results from the suicide`s sense that s/he has no tether. This absence can give rise to meaninglessness, apathy, melancholy, and depression.[2] Durkheim calls such detachment `excessive individuation`. Those individuals who were not sufficiently bound to social groups (and therefore well-defined values, traditions, norms, and goals) were left with little social support or guidance, and were therefore more likely to commit suicide. Durkheim found that suicide occurred more often among unmarried people, especially unmarried men, whom he found had less to bind and connect them to stable social norms and goals.[3] Altruistic suicide is characterized by a sense of being overwhelmed by a group`s goals and beliefs.[4] It occurs in societies with high integration, where individual needs are seen as less important than the society`s needs as a whole. They thus occur on the opposite integration scale as egoistic suicide.[3] As individual interest would not be considered important, Durkheim stated that in an altruistic society there would be little reason for people to commit suicide. He described one exception: when the individual is expected to kill her/himself on behalf of society, for example in military service. Anomic suicide reflects an individual`s moral confusion and lack of social direction, which is related to dramatic social and economic upheaval.[5] It is the product of moral deregulation and a lack of definition of legitimate aspirations through a restraining social ethic, which could impose meaning and order on the individual conscience. This is symptomatic of a failure of economic development and division of labour to produce Durkheim`s organic solidarity. People do not know where they fit in within their societies. Durkheim explains that this is a state of moral disorder where people do not know the limits on their desires and are constantly in a state of disappointment. This can occur when they go through extreme changes in wealth; while this includes economic ruin, it can also include windfall gains – in both cases, previous expectations from life are brushed aside and new expectations are needed before they can judge their new situation in relation to the new limits. Fatalistic suicide occurs when a person is excessively regulated, when their futures are pitilessly blocked and passions violently choked by oppressive discipline.[6] It is the opposite of anomic suicide, and occurs in societies so oppressive their inhabitants would rather die than live on. For example, some prisoners might prefer to die than live in a prison with constant abuse and excessive regulation. These four types of suicide are based on the degrees of imbalance of two social forces: social integration and moral regulation.[3] Durkheim noted the effects of various crises on social aggregates – war, for example, leading to an increase in altruism, economic boom or disaster contributing to anomie.[7] Findings Durkheim concluded that: Suicide rates are higher in men than women (although married women who remained childless for a number of years ended up with a high suicide rate). Suicide rates are higher for those who are single than those who are in a sexual relationship. Suicide rates are higher for people without children than people with children. Suicide rates are higher among Protestants than Catholics and Jews. Suicide rates are higher among soldiers than civilians. Suicide rates are higher in times of peace than in times of war (For example, the suicide rate in France fell after the coup d`etat of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. War also reduced the suicide rate: after war broke out in 1866 between Austria and Italy, the suicide rate fell by 14% in both countries.). Suicide rates are higher in Scandinavian countries. The higher the education level, the more likely it was that an individual would choose suicide. However, Durkheim established that there is more correlation between an individual`s religion and suicide rate than an individual`s education level. Jewish people were generally highly educated but had a low suicide rate. Criticisms Ecological fallacy Durkheim stands accused of committing an ecological fallacy.[8][9] Indeed, Durkheim`s conclusions about individual behaviour (e.g. suicide) are based on aggregate statistics (the suicide rate among Protestants and Catholics). This type of inference, which explains micro events in terms of macro properties, is often misleading, as Simpson`s paradox shows.[10] However, diverging views have contested whether Durkheim`s work really contained an ecological fallacy. Van Poppel and Day (1996) argue that differences in reported suicide rates between Catholics and Protestants could be explained entirely in terms of how these two groups record deaths. Protestants would record `sudden deaths` and `deaths from ill-defined or unspecified cause` as suicides, while Catholics would not. If so, then Durkheim`s error was empirical, not logical.[11] Inkeles (1959),[12] Johnson (1965),[13] and Gibbs (1958)[14] claimed that Durkheim only intended to explain suicide sociologically, within a holistic perspective, emphasizing that `he intended his theory to explain variation among social environments in the incidence of suicide, not the suicides of particular individuals`.[15] More recently, Berk (2006) questions the micro-macro relations underlying criticisms of Durkheim`s work. He notices that Durkheim speaks of a `collective current` that reflects the collective inclination flowing down the channels of social organization. The intensity of the current determines the volume of suicides ... Introducing psychological [i.e. individual] variables such as depression, [which could be seen as] an independent [non-social] cause of suicide, overlooks Durkheim`s conception that these variables are the ones most likely to be effected by the larger social forces and without these forces suicide may not occur within such individuals.[16] Catholics and Protestants Durkheim explores the differing suicide rates among Protestants and Catholics, arguing that stronger social control among Catholics results in lower suicide rates. According to Durkheim, Catholic society has normal levels of integration while Protestant society has low levels. There are at least two problems with this interpretation. First, Durkheim took most of his data from earlier researchers, notably Adolph Wagner and Henry Morselli,[17] who were much more careful in generalizing from their own data. Second, later researchers found that the Protestant-Catholic differences in suicide seemed to be limited to German-speaking Europe and thus may always have been the spurious reflection of other factors.[18] Despite its limitations, Durkheim`s work on suicide has influenced proponents of control theory, and is often mentioned[by whom?] as a classic sociological study. emil dirkem samoubistvo studija o samoubistvu

Edward F. Fry - David Smith The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum , New York, 1969. Katalog/monografija Mek povez, 182 strane. EKSTREMNO RETKO! Roland David Smith (March 9, 1906 – May 23, 1965) was an influential and innovative American abstract expressionist sculptor and painter, widely known for creating large steel abstract geometric sculptures. Born in Decatur, Indiana, Smith initially pursued painting, receiving training at the Art Students League in New York from 1926 to 1930. However, his artistic journey took a transformative turn in the early 1930s when he shifted his focus to sculpture. In the early phase of his career, he crafted welded metal constructions that incorporated industrial objects, foreshadowing later developments in sculpture. During the 1940s and 1950s, his work shifted to more personal, landscape-inspired sculptures. These works possessed a delicate linear quality, akin to drawing in metal, and echoed the aesthetics of contemporary painting. Notably, Smith cultivated strong friendships with renowned Abstract Expressionist painters, including Jackson Pollock and Robert Motherwell, illustrating the interplay between different art forms during this period. By the late 1950s, his sculptures started to assume monumental proportions. Using overlapping geometric plates of highly polished steel, his works developed a reductive and geometric aesthetic. These massive pieces of the 1960s are considered precursors to the minimal `primary structures` that emerged later in the decade, further exemplifying Smith`s forward-thinking approach to sculpture. Early life Roland David Smith was born on March 9, 1906, in Decatur, Indiana and moved to Paulding, Ohio in 1921, where he attended high school. From 1924 to 1925, he attended Ohio University in Athens (one year) and the University of Notre Dame, which he left after two weeks because there were no art courses. In between, Smith took a summer job working on the assembly line of the Studebaker automobile factory in South Bend, Indiana. He then briefly studied art and poetry at George Washington University in Washington, D.C.[1] Moving to New York in 1926, he met Dorothy Dehner (to whom he was married from 1927 to 1952) and, on her advice,[2] joined her painting studies at the Art Students League of New York. Among his teachers were the American painter John Sloan and the Czech modernist painter Jan Matulka, who had studied with Hans Hofmann. Matulka introduced Smith to the work of Picasso, Mondrian, Kandinsky, and the Russian Constructivists. In 1929, Smith met John D. Graham, who later introduced him to the welded-steel sculpture of Pablo Picasso and Julio González.[3] History Early work Smith`s early friendship with painters such as Adolph Gottlieb and Milton Avery was reinforced during the Depression of the 1930s, when he participated in the Works Progress Administration`s Federal Art Project in New York.[2] Through the Russian émigré artist John Graham, Smith met avant-garde artists such as Stuart Davis, Arshile Gorky and Willem de Kooning. He also discovered the welded sculptures of Julio González and Picasso, which led to an increasing interest in combining painting and construction. In the Virgin Islands in 1931–32, Smith made his first sculpture from pieces of coral.[3] In 1932, he installed a forge and anvil in his studio at the farm in Bolton Landing that he and Dehner had bought a few years earlier. Smith started by making three-dimensional objects from wood, wire, coral, soldered metal and other found materials but soon graduated to using an oxyacetylene torch to weld metal heads, which are probably the first welded metal sculptures ever made in the United States. A single work may consist of several materials, differentiated by varied patinas and polychromy.[2] Early Smith: Ancient Household of 1945, bronze, in the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden In 1940, the Smiths distanced themselves from the New York art scene and moved permanently to Bolton Landing near Lake George in Upstate New York. At Bolton Landing, he ran his studio like a factory, stocked with large amounts of raw material.[2] The artist would put his sculptures in what is referred to as an upper and lower field, and sometimes he would put them in rows, `as if they were farm crops`.[4] During World War II, Smith worked as a welder for the American Locomotive Company, Schenectady, NY assembling locomotives and M7 tanks. He taught at Sarah Lawrence College.[5] After 1945 After the war, with the additional skills that he had acquired, Smith released his pent-up energy and ideas in a burst of creation between 1945 and 1946. His output soared and he went about perfecting his own, very personal symbolism. Traditionally, metal sculpture meant bronze casts, which artisans produced using a mold made by the artist. Smith, however, made his sculptures from scratch, welding together pieces of steel and other metals with his torch, in much the same way that a painter applied paint to a canvas; his sculptures are almost always unique works. Smith, who often said, `I belong with the painters`, made sculptures of subjects that had never before been shown in three dimensions. He made sculptural landscapes (e.g. Hudson River Landscape), still life sculptures (e.g. Head as Still Life) and even a sculpture of a page of writing (The Letter). Perhaps his most revolutionary concept was that the only difference between painting and sculpture was the addition of a third dimension; he declared that the sculptor`s `conception is as free as a that of the painter. His wealth of response is as great as his draftsmanship.`[6] Smith was awarded the prestigious Guggenheim Fellowship in 1950, which was renewed the following year. Freed from financial constraints, he made more and larger pieces, and for the first time was able to afford to make whole sculptures in stainless steel. He also began his practice of making sculptures in series, the first of which were the Agricolas of 1951–59. He steadily gained recognition, lecturing at universities and participating in symposia. He separated from Dehner in 1950, with divorce in 1952.[5] During his time as a visiting artist at Indiana University, Bloomington, in 1955 and 1956, Smith produced the Forgings, a series of eleven industrially forged steel sculptures.[7] To create the Forgings, he cut, plugged, flattened, pinched and bent each steel bar, later polishing, rusting, painting, lacquering or waxing its surface.[8] Beginning in the mid-1950s, Smith explored the technique of burnishing his stainless steel sculptures with a sander, a technique that would find its fullest expression in his Cubi series (1961–65). The scale of his works continued to increase - Tanktotem III of 1953 is 7` tall; Zig I from 1961 is 8`; and 5 Ciarcs from 1963 is almost 13` tall. Finally, in the late 1950s Smith began using spray paint - then still a new medium - to create stenciled shapes out of negative space, in works closely tied to his late-career turn toward geometric planes and solids.[9] His family was also getting bigger; he remarried and had two daughters, Rebecca (born 1954) and Candida (born 1955). He named quite a few of his later works in honor of his children (e.g., Bec-Dida Day, 1963, Rebecca Circle, 1961, Hi Candida, 1965). The February 1960 issue of Arts magazine was devoted to Smith`s work; later that year he had his first West Coast exhibition, a solo show at the Everett Ellin Gallery in Los Angeles. The following year he rejected a third-place award at the Carnegie International, saying “the awards system in our day is archaic.”[10] In 1962, Gian Carlo Menotti invited Smith to make sculptures for the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto.[4] Given open access to an abandoned steel mill and provided with a group of assistants, he produced an amazing 27 pieces in 30 days. Not yet finished with the themes he developed, he had tons of steel shipped from Italy to Bolton Landing, and over the next 18 months he made another 25 sculptures known as the Voltri-Bolton series. Works Major works Cubi series Main article: Cubi Smith often worked in series.[11] He is perhaps best known for the Cubis, which were among the last pieces he completed before his death. The sculptures in this series are made of stainless steel with a hand-brushed finish reminiscent of the gestural strokes of Abstract Expressionist painting. The Cubi works consist of arrangements of geometric shapes, which highlight his interest in balance and the contrast between positive and negative space. In 2005, Cubi XXVIII was sold at Sotheby`s for $23.8 million, breaking a record for the most expensive piece of contemporary art ever sold at auction.[citation needed] Paintings and drawings Untitled (Green Linear Nude) by David Smith, c. 1964, Honolulu Museum of Art Even though he`s primarily known as a sculptor, Smith painted and drew throughout his life. By 1953, he was producing between 300 and 400 drawings a year. His subjects encompassed the figure and landscape, as well as gestural, almost calligraphic marks made with egg yolk, Chinese ink and brushes and, in the late 1950s, the `sprays`.[2] He usually signed his drawings with the ancient Greek letters delta and sigma, meant to stand for his initials.[12] In the winter of 1963–64, he began a series known as the `Last Nudes`. The paintings in this series are essentially drawings of nudes on canvas. He drew with enamel paint squeezed from syringes or bottles onto a canvas spread onto the floor.[13] Untitled (Green Linear Nude) is painted in a metallic olive green enamel, and exemplifies the artist`s late action paintings. Other works Prior to the Cubis, Smith gained widespread attention for his sculptures often described as `drawings in space`. He was originally trained as a painter and draftsman, and sculptures such as Hudson River Landscape (1950) and The Letter (both 1950) blurred the distinctions between sculpture and painting. These works make use of delicate tracery rather than solid form, with a two-dimensional appearance that contradicts the traditional idea of sculpture in the round. As with many artists from the Modernist period, including Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko, much of Smith`s early work was heavily influenced by Surrealism. Some of the best examples are seen in the Medals for Dishonor, a series of bronze reliefs that speak out against the atrocities of war. Images from these medals are strange, nightmarish, and often violent. His own descriptions give a vivid picture of the medals and strongly express condemnation of these acts, such as this statement about Propaganda for War (1939–40): The rape of the mind by machines of death – the Hand of God points to atrocities. Atop the curly bull the red cross nurse blows the clarinet. The horse is dead in this bullfight arena – the bull is docile, can be ridden.[14] Exhibitions and Collections Exhibitions Smith`s first solo show of drawings and welded-steel sculpture was held at the Willard Gallery in New York in 1938.[3] In 1941, Smith sculptures were included in two traveling exhibitions organized by the Museum of Modern Art and were shown at the Whitney Museum of American Art`s Annual exhibition in New York. Smith represented the United States in the 1951 São Paulo Art Biennial and at the Venice Biennale in 1954 and 1958. Six of his sculptures were included in an exhibition organized by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, that traveled to Paris, Zurich, Düsseldorf, Stockholm, Helsinki, and Oslo in 1953–54; he was given a retrospective exhibition by MoMA in 1957. In 1961, the MoMA organized an exhibition of fifty Smith sculptures that traveled throughout the United States until the spring of 1963. At the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, `David Smith: Cubes and Anarchy` took a thematic look at the sculpture Smith produced between the Depression years and his death.[15] Recent solo exhibitions (selection) February 12–May 15, 2011: David Smith Invents, The Phillips Collection, Washington April 3–July 24, 2011: Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Los Angeles. October 6, 2011 – January 8, 2012: Whitney Museum of American Art. New York. Collections Works by David Smith are included in major collections worldwide, including the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Storm King Art Center has 13 Smith sculptures in its collection.[16] The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection includes 5 Smith sculptures in is collection.[17] Recognition Smith was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1950, which provided him with financial support to focus on his artistic pursuits. Smith was the recipient of the Brandeis University Creative Arts Award in 1964, acknowledging his exceptional work as a sculptor. In February 1965, he was appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson to the National Council on the Arts. Death He died in a car crash near Bennington, Vermont on May 23, 1965.[8] He was 59 years old. tags: dejvid smit, apstraktni ekspresionizam, avangarda...

Odlično stanje Johnny Cash – Country & Western Superstar Label: CBS – S 68 224 Series: Country & Western Superstar Format: 2 x Vinyl, LP, Compilation, Gatefold Country: Europe Released: 1973 Genre: Rock, Blues Style: Country Blues, Country Rock, Folk Rock A1 From Sea To Shining Sea 1:35 A2 The Whirl And The Suck 3:05 A3 Call Daddy From The Mine 3:05 A4 Th Frozen Four-Hundred-Pound Fair-To-Middlin` Cotton Picker 2:30 A5 The Walls Of A Prison 4:09 A6 The Masterpiece 2:45 B1 You And Tennessee 3:07 B2 Another Song To Sing 1:58 B3 The Flint Arrowhead 2:55 B4 Cisco Clifton`s Fillin` Station 2:42 B5 Shrimpin` Sailin` 3:03 B6 From Sea To Shining Sea (Finale) 0:54 C1 The Ballad Of Ira Hayes 4:05 C2 Shantytown Vocals – June Carter Vocals – June Carter 2:16 C3 I Got A Woman Vocals – June Carter Vocals – June Carter 3:12 C4 Pack Up Your Sorrows Vocals – June Carter Vocals – June Carter 2:23 C5 It Ain`t Me, Babe Vocals – June Carter Vocals – June Carter 2:59 D1 Orange Blossom Special 2:58 D2 Jackson Vocals – June Carter Vocals – June Carter 2:42 D3 GIve My Love To Rose Vocals – June Carter Vocals – June Carter 2:38 D4 Austin Prison 2:04 D5 Danny Boy 5:05 Notes This compilation incl. mainly the albums From Sea To Shining Sea (1968) and Johnny Cash With June Carter* ‎– Give My Love To Rose (1972). John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American country singer-songwriter. Most of Cash`s music contains themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially songs from the later stages of his career.[5][6] He was known for his deep, calm bass-baritone voice,[a][7] the distinctive sound of his Tennessee Three backing band characterized by train-like chugging guitar rhythms, a rebelliousness[8][9] coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor,[5] free prison concerts,[10] and a trademark all-black stage wardrobe, which earned him the nickname the `Man in Black`.[b] Born to poor cotton farmers in Kingsland, Arkansas, Cash rose to fame during the mid-1950s in the burgeoning rockabilly scene in Memphis, Tennessee, after serving four years in the Air Force. He traditionally began his concerts by simply introducing himself, `Hello, I`m Johnny Cash`,[c] followed by `Folsom Prison Blues`, one of his signature songs. His other signature songs include `I Walk the Line`, `Ring of Fire`, `Get Rhythm`, and `Man in Black`. He also recorded humorous numbers like `One Piece at a Time` and `A Boy Named Sue`, a duet with his future wife June called `Jackson` (followed by many further duets after their wedding), and railroad songs such as `Hey, Porter`, `Orange Blossom Special`, and `Rock Island Line`.[13] During the last stage of his career, he covered songs by contemporary rock artists; among his most notable covers were `Hurt` by Nine Inch Nails, `Rusty Cage` by Soundgarden, and `Personal Jesus` by Depeche Mode. Cash is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide.[14][15] His genre-spanning music embraced country, rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk, and gospel sounds. This crossover appeal earned him the rare honor of being inducted into the Country Music, Rock and Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame. His music career was dramatized in the 2005 biopic Walk the Line, in which Cash was portrayed by American film actor Joaquin Phoenix. Early life Cash`s boyhood home in Dyess, Arkansas, where he lived from the age of three in 1935 until he finished high school in 1950; the property, pictured here in 2021, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The home was renovated in 2011 to look as it did when Cash was a child. Cash was born J. R. Cash in Kingsland, Arkansas, on February 26, 1932,[16][17] to Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers) and Ray Cash. He had three older siblings, Roy, Margaret Louise, and Jack, and three younger siblings, Reba, Joanne, and Tommy (who also became a successful country artist).[18][19] He was primarily of English and Scottish descent.[20][21][22] His paternal grandmother also claimed Cherokee ancestry, though a DNA test of Cash`s daughter Rosanne found she has no known Native American markers.[23][24] He traced his Scottish surname to 11th-century Fife after meeting with the then-laird of Falkland, Major Michael Crichton-Stuart.[25][26][27] Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the name of his family.[25] He is a distant cousin of British Conservative politician Sir William Cash.[28] His mother wanted to name him John and his father preferred to name him Ray, so J. R. ended up being the only compromise they could agree on.[29] When Cash enlisted in the Air Force, he was not permitted to use initials as a first name, so he changed it to John R. Cash. In 1955, when signing with Sun Records, he started using the name Johnny Cash.[9] In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in Dyess, Arkansas, a New Deal colony established to give poor families the opportunity to work land that they may later own.[30] From the age of five, he worked in cotton fields with his family, singing with them as they worked. The Cash farm in Dyess experienced a flood, which led Cash later to write the song `Five Feet High and Rising`.[31] His family`s economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression gave him a lifelong sympathy for the poor and working class, and inspired many of his songs. In 1944,[32] Cash`s older brother Jack, with whom he was close, was cut almost in two by an unguarded table saw at work and died a week later.[33] According to Cash`s autobiography, he, his mother, and Jack all had a sense of foreboding about that day; his mother urged Jack to skip work and go fishing with Cash, but Jack insisted on working as the family needed the money. Cash often spoke of the guilt he felt over the incident, and spoke of looking forward to `meeting [his] brother in Heaven`.[9] Cash`s early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio. Taught guitar by his mother and a childhood friend, Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of 12. When young, Cash had a high-tenor voice, before becoming a bass-baritone after his voice changed.[34] In high school, he sang on a local radio station. Decades later, he released an album of traditional gospel songs called My Mother`s Hymn Book. He was also significantly influenced by traditional Irish music, which he heard performed weekly by Dennis Day on the Jack Benny radio program.[35] Cash enlisted in the Air Force on July 7, 1950.[36] After basic training at Lackland Air Force Base and technical training at Brooks Air Force Base, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was assigned to the 12th Radio Squadron Mobile of the U.S. Air Force Security Service at Landsberg, West Germany. He worked as a Morse code operator intercepting Soviet Army transmissions. While working this job, Cash was allegedly the first American to be given the news of Joseph Stalin’s death (supplied via Morse code). His daughter, Rosanne, backed up the claim, saying that Cash had recounted the story many times over the years.[37][38][39] While at Landsberg he created his first band, `The Landsberg Barbarians`.[40] On July 3, 1954, he was honorably discharged as a staff sergeant, and he returned to Texas.[41] During his military service, he acquired a distinctive scar on the right side of his jaw as a result of surgery to remove a cyst.[42][43] Career Early career Publicity photo for Sun Records, 1955 In 1954, Cash and his first wife Vivian moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he had sold appliances while studying to be a radio announcer. At night, he played with guitarist Luther Perkins and bassist Marshall Grant. Perkins and Grant were known as the Tennessee Two. Cash worked up the courage to visit the Sun Records studio, hoping to get a recording contract.[44] He auditioned for Sam Phillips by singing mostly gospel songs, only to learn from the producer that he no longer recorded gospel music. Phillips was rumored to have told Cash to `go home and sin, then come back with a song I can sell`, although in a 2002 interview, Cash denied that Phillips made any such comment.[45] Cash eventually won over the producer with new songs delivered in his early rockabilly style. In 1955, Cash made his first recordings at Sun, `Hey Porter` and `Cry! Cry! Cry!`, which were released in late June and met with success on the country hit parade. On December 4, 1956, Elvis Presley dropped in on Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio cutting new tracks, with Jerry Lee Lewis backing him on piano. Cash was also in the studio, and the four started an impromptu jam session. Phillips left the tapes running and the recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They have since been released under the title Million Dollar Quartet. In Cash: the Autobiography, Cash wrote that he was the farthest from the microphone and sang in a higher pitch to blend in with Elvis. Cash`s next record, `Folsom Prison Blues`, made the country top five. His `I Walk the Line` became number one on the country charts and entered the pop charts top 20. `Home of the Blues` followed, recorded in July 1957. That same year, Cash became the first Sun artist to release a long-playing album. Although he was Sun`s most consistently selling and prolific artist at that time, Cash felt constrained by his contract with the small label. Phillips did not want Cash to record gospel and was paying him a 3% royalty rather than the standard rate of 5%. Presley had already left Sun and, Phillips was focusing most of his attention and promotion on Lewis. In 1958, Cash left Phillips to sign a lucrative offer with Columbia Records. His single `Don`t Take Your Guns to Town` became one of his biggest hits, and he recorded a collection of gospel songs for his second album for Columbia. However, Cash left behind a sufficient backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums featuring previously unreleased material until as late as 1964. Cash was in the unusual position of having new releases out on two labels concurrently. Sun`s 1960 release, a cover of `Oh Lonesome Me`, made it to number 13 on the C&W charts.[d] Cash on the cover of Cash Box magazine, September 7, 1957 Early in his career, Cash was given the teasing nickname `the Undertaker` by fellow artists because of his habit of wearing black clothes. He said he chose them because they were easier to keep looking clean on long tours.[46] In the early 1960s, Cash toured with the Carter Family, which by this time regularly included Mother Maybelle`s daughters, Anita, June, and Helen. June later recalled admiring him from afar during these tours. In the 1960s, he appeared on Pete Seeger`s short-lived television series Rainbow Quest.[47] He also acted in, and wrote and sang the opening theme for, a 1961 film entitled Five Minutes to Live, later re-released as Door-to-door Maniac. Cash`s career was handled by Saul Holiff, a London, Ontario, promoter. Their relationship was the subject of Saul`s son`s biopic My Father and the Man in Black.[48] Outlaw image As his career was taking off in the late 1950s, Cash started drinking heavily and became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates. For a brief time, he shared an apartment in Nashville with Waylon Jennings, who was deeply addicted to amphetamines. Cash would use the stimulants to stay awake during tours. Friends joked about his `nervousness` and erratic behavior, many ignoring the warning signs of his worsening drug addiction. Although he was in many ways spiraling out of control, Cash could still deliver hits due to his frenetic creativity. His rendition of `Ring of Fire` was a crossover hit, reaching number one on the country charts and entering the top 20 on the pop charts. It was originally performed by June`s sister, but the signature mariachi-style horn arrangement was provided by Cash.[49] He said that it had come to him in a dream. Vivian Liberto claimed a different version of the origins of `Ring of Fire`. In her book, I Walked the Line: My Life with Johnny, Liberto says that Cash gave Carter half the songwriting credit for monetary reasons.[50] In June 1965, Cash`s camper caught fire during a fishing trip with his nephew Damon Fielder in Los Padres National Forest in California, triggering a forest fire that burned several hundred acres and nearly caused his death.[51][52] Cash claimed that the fire was caused by sparks from a defective exhaust system on his camper, but Fielder thinks that Cash started a fire to stay warm and in his drugged condition failed to notice the fire getting out of control.[53] When the judge asked Cash why he did it, Cash said, `I didn`t do it, my truck did, and it`s dead, so you can`t question it.`[54] The fire destroyed 508 acres (206 ha), burned the foliage off three mountains and drove off 49 of the refuge`s 53 endangered California condors.[55] Cash was unrepentant and claimed, `I don`t care about your damn yellow buzzards.`[56] The federal government sued him and was awarded $125,172. Cash eventually settled the case and paid $82,001.[57] The Tennessee Three with Cash in 1963 Although Cash cultivated a romantic outlaw image, he never served a prison sentence. Despite landing in jail seven times for misdemeanors, he stayed only one night on each stay. On May 11, 1965, he was arrested in Starkville, Mississippi, for trespassing late at night onto private property to pick flowers. (He used this to write the song `Starkville City Jail`, which he discussed on his live At San Quentin album.)[58] While on tour that year, he was arrested October 4 in El Paso, Texas, by a narcotics squad. The officers suspected he was smuggling heroin from Mexico, but found instead 688 Dexedrine capsules (amphetamines) and 475 Equanil (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets hidden inside his guitar case. Because the pills were prescription drugs rather than illegal narcotics, Cash received a suspended sentence. He posted a $1,500 bond and was released until his arraignment.[59] In this period of the mid-1960s, Cash released a number of concept albums. His Bitter Tears (1964) was devoted to spoken word and songs addressing the plight of Native Americans and mistreatment by the government. While initially reaching charts, this album met with resistance from some fans and radio stations, which rejected its controversial take on social issues. In 2011, a book was published about it, leading to a re-recording of the songs by contemporary artists and the making of a documentary film about Cash`s efforts with the album. This film was aired on PBS in February and November 2016. His Sings the Ballads of the True West (1965) was an experimental double record, mixing authentic frontier songs with Cash`s spoken narration. Reaching a low with his severe drug addiction and destructive behavior, Cash was divorced from his first wife and had performances cancelled, but he continued to find success. In 1967, Cash`s duet with June Carter, `Jackson`, won a Grammy Award.[60] Cash was last arrested in 1967 in Walker County, Georgia, after police found he was carrying a bag of prescription pills and was in a car accident. Cash attempted to bribe a local deputy, who turned the money down. He was jailed for the night in LaFayette, Georgia. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after giving him a long talk, warning him about the danger of his behavior and wasted potential. Cash credited that experience with helping him turn around and save his life. He later returned to LaFayette to play a benefit concert; it attracted 12,000 people (the city population was less than 9,000 at the time) and raised $75,000 for the high school.[61] Reflecting on his past in a 1997 interview, Cash noted: `I was taking the pills for awhile, and then the pills started taking me.`[62] June, Maybelle, and Ezra Carter moved into Cash`s mansion for a month to help him get off drugs. Cash proposed onstage to June on February 22, 1968, at a concert at the London Gardens in London, Ontario, Canada. The couple married a week later (on March 1) in Franklin, Kentucky. She had agreed to marry Cash after he had `cleaned up.`[63] Cash`s journey included rediscovery of his Christian faith. He took an `altar call` in Evangel Temple, a small church in the Nashville area, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son of country music legend Hank Snow. According to Marshall Grant, though, Cash did not completely stop using amphetamines in 1968. Cash did not end all drug use until 1970, staying drug-free for a period of seven years. Grant claims that the birth of Cash`s son, John Carter Cash, inspired Cash to end his dependence.[64] Cash began using amphetamines again in 1977. By 1983, he was deeply addicted again and became a patient at the Betty Ford Clinic in Rancho Mirage for treatment. He stayed off drugs for several years, but relapsed. By 1989, he was dependent and entered Nashville`s Cumberland Heights Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center. In 1992, he started care at the Loma Linda Behavioral Medicine Center in Loma Linda, California, for his final rehabilitation treatment. (Several months later, his son followed him into this facility for treatment.)[65][66] Folsom and other prison concerts Cash began performing concerts at prisons in the late 1950s. He played his first famous prison concert on January 1, 1958, at San Quentin State Prison.[67] These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums, Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (1969). Both live albums reached number one on Billboard country album music and the latter crossed over to reach the top of the Billboard pop album chart. In 1969, Cash became an international hit when he eclipsed even The Beatles by selling 6.5 million albums.[68] In comparison, the prison concerts were much more successful than his later live albums such as Strawberry Cake recorded in London and Live at Madison Square Garden, which peaked at numbers 33 and 39 on the album charts, respectively. The Folsom Prison record was introduced by a rendition of his `Folsom Prison Blues` while the San Quentin record included the crossover hit single `A Boy Named Sue`, a Shel Silverstein-penned novelty song that reached number one on the country charts and number two on the U.S. top-10 pop charts. Cash performed at the Österåker Prison in Sweden in 1972. The live album På Österåker (At Österåker) was released in 1973. `San Quentin` was recorded with Cash replacing `San Quentin` with `Österåker`. In 1976, a concert at Tennessee State Prison was videotaped for TV broadcast, and received a belated CD release after Cash`s death as A Concert Behind Prison Walls. Activism for Native Americans Cash used his stardom and economic status to bring awareness to the issues surrounding the Native American people.[69] Cash sang songs about indigenous humanity in an effort to confront the U.S. government. Many non-Native Americans stayed away from singing about these things.[70] In 1965, Cash and June Carter appeared on Pete Seeger`s TV show, Rainbow Quest, on which Cash explained his start as an activist for Native Americans: In `57, I wrote a song called `Old Apache Squaw` and then forgot the so-called Indian protest for a while, but nobody else seemed to speak up with any volume of voice.[71] Columbia Music, the label for which Cash was recording then, was opposed to putting the song on his next album, considering it `too radical for the public`.[72] Cash singing songs of Indian tragedy and settler violence went radically against the mainstream of country music in the 1950s, which was dominated by the image of the righteous cowboy who simply makes the native`s soil his own.[73] In 1964, coming off the chart success of his previous album I Walk the Line, he recorded the aforementioned album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian. We`re Still Here: Johnny Cash`s Bitter Tears Revisited, a documentary by Antonino D`Ambrosio (author of A Heartland and a Guitar: Johnny Cash and the Making of Bitter Tears) tells the story of Johnny Cash`s controversial concept album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian, covering the struggles of Native Americans. The film`s DVD was released on August 21, 2018.[74] The album featured stories of a multitude of Indigenous peoples, mostly of their violent oppression by white settlers: the Pima (`The Ballad of Ira Hayes`), Navajo (`Navajo`), Apache (`Apache Tears`), Lakota (`Big Foot`), Seneca (`As Long as the Grass Shall Grow`), and Cherokee (`Talking Leaves`). Cash wrote three of the songs himself and one with the help of Johnny Horton, but the majority of the protest songs were written by folk artist Peter La Farge (son of activist and Pulitzer prizewinner Oliver La Farge), whom Cash met in New York in the 1960s and whom he admired for his activism.[75] The album`s single, `The Ballad of Ira Hayes` (about Ira Hayes, one of the six to raise the U.S. flag at Iwo Jima), was neglected by nonpolitical radio at the time, and the record label denied it any promotion due to its provocative protesting and `unappealing` nature. Cash faced resistance and was even urged by an editor of a country music magazine to leave the Country Music Association: `You and your crowd are just too intelligent to associate with plain country folks, country artists, and country DJs.`[76] In reaction, on August 22, 1964, Cash posted a letter as an advertisement in Billboard, calling the record industry cowardly: `D.J.s – station managers – owners [...] where are your guts? I had to fight back when I realized that so many stations are afraid of Ira Hayes. Just one question: WHY??? Ira Hayes is strong medicine [...] So is Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham and Vietnam.`[77][78] Cash kept promoting the song himself and used his influence on radio disc jockeys he knew eventually to make the song climb to number three on the country charts, while the album rose to number two on the album charts.[76] Cash in 1969 Later, on The Johnny Cash Show, he continued telling stories of Native-American plight, both in song and through short films, such as the history of the Trail of Tears.[79] In 1966, in response to his activism, Cash was adopted by the Seneca Nation`s Turtle Clan.[23] He performed benefits in 1968 at the Rosebud Reservation, close to the historical landmark of the massacre at Wounded Knee, to raise money to help build a school. He also played at the D-Q University in the 1980s.[80] In 1970, Cash recorded a reading of John G. Burnett`s 1890, 80th-birthday essay[81] on Cherokee removal for the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).[82] The Johnny Cash Show From June 1969 to March 1971, Cash starred in his own television show, The Johnny Cash Show, on the ABC network.[83] Produced by Screen Gems, the show was performed at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. The Statler Brothers opened for him in every episode; the Carter Family and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of the regular show entourage. Cash also enjoyed booking mainstream performers as guests; including Linda Ronstadt in her first TV appearance, Neil Young, Louis Armstrong, Neil Diamond, Kenny Rogers and The First Edition (who appeared four times), James Taylor, Ray Charles, Roger Miller, Roy Orbison, Derek and the Dominos, Joni Mitchell, and Bob Dylan.[83] From September 15–18, 1969, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, he performed a series of four concerts at the New Mexico State Fair to promote the first season of The Johnny Cash Show.[84][85] These live shows were produced with help from ABC and local concert producer Bennie Sanchez, during these sets Johnny Cash and Al Hurricane performed together.[86] Also during The Johnny Cash Show era, he contributed the title song and other songs to the film Little Fauss and Big Halsy, which starred Robert Redford, Michael J. Pollard, and Lauren Hutton.[87] The title song, `The Ballad of Little Fauss and Big Halsy`, written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Golden Globe award in 1971.[88] Cash had first met with Dylan in the mid-1960s and became neighbors in the late 1960s in Woodstock, New York. Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the reclusive Dylan to his audience. Cash sang a duet with Dylan, `Girl from the North Country`, on Dylan`s country album Nashville Skyline and also wrote the album`s Grammy-winning liner notes. Another artist who received a major career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was Kris Kristofferson, who was beginning to make a name for himself as a singer-songwriter. During a live performance of Kristofferson`s `Sunday Mornin` Comin` Down`, Cash refused to change the lyrics to suit network executives, singing the song with its references to marijuana intact: On a Sunday morning sidewalk I`m wishin`, Lord, that I was stoned.[89] The closing program of The Johnny Cash Show was a gospel music special. Guests included the Blackwood Brothers, Mahalia Jackson, Stuart Hamblen, and Billy Graham.[90] The `Man in Black` Cash advocated prison reform at his July 1972 meeting with President Richard Nixon By the early 1970s, Cash had established his public image as the `Man in Black`. He regularly performed in entirely black suits with a long, black, knee-length coat. This outfit stood in contrast to the rhinestone suits and cowboy boots worn by most of the major country acts of his day. Cash performing in Bremen, West Germany, in September 1972 Cash said he wore all black on behalf of the poor and hungry, the `prisoner who has long paid for his crime`, and those who have been betrayed by age or drugs.[91] He added, `With the Vietnam War as painful in my mind as it was in most other Americans, I wore it `in mourning` for the lives that could have been` ... Apart from the Vietnam War being over, I don`t see much reason to change my position ... The old are still neglected, the poor are still poor, the young are still dying before their time, and we`re not making many moves to make things right. There`s still plenty of darkness to carry off.`[91] Cash in the `one piece at a time` Cadillac Initially, he and his band had worn black shirts because that was the only matching color they had among their various outfits. He wore other colors on stage early in his career, but he claimed to like wearing black both on and off stage. He stated that political reasons aside, he simply liked black as his on-stage color.[11] The outdated US Navy`s winter blue uniform used to be referred to by sailors as `Johnny Cashes`, as the uniform`s shirt, tie, and trousers are solid black.[92] In the mid-1970s, Cash`s popularity and number of hit songs began to decline. He made commercials for Amoco and STP, an unpopular enterprise at the time of the 1970s energy crisis. In 1976, he made commercials for Lionel Trains, for which he also wrote the music.[93] However, his first autobiography, Man in Black, was published in 1975 and sold 1.3 million copies. A second, Cash: The Autobiography, appeared in 1997. Cash`s friendship with Billy Graham[94] led to his production of a film about the life of Jesus, Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus, which Cash co-wrote and narrated. It was released in 1973. Cash viewed the film as a statement of his personal faith rather than a means of proselytizing.[95] Cash and June Carter Cash appeared several times on the Billy Graham Crusade TV specials, and Cash continued to include gospel and religious songs on many of his albums, though Columbia declined to release A Believer Sings the Truth, a gospel double-LP Cash recorded in 1979 and which ended up being released on an independent label even with Cash still under contract to Columbia. On November 22, 1974, CBS ran his one-hour TV special entitled Riding The Rails, a musical history of trains. He continued to appear on television, hosting Christmas specials on CBS in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Later television appearances included a starring role in an episode of Columbo, entitled `Swan Song`. June and he appeared in an episode of Little House on the Prairie, entitled `The Collection`. He gave a performance as abolitionist John Brown in the 1985 American Civil War television miniseries North and South. In the 1990s, Johnny and June appeared in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman in recurring roles. He was friendly with every US president, starting with Richard Nixon. He was closest to Jimmy Carter, with whom he became close friends and who was a distant cousin of his wife, June.[96] When invited to perform at the White House for the first time in 1970,[97] Richard Nixon`s office requested that he play `Okie from Muskogee` (a satirical Merle Haggard song about people who despised hippies, young drug users and Vietnam war protesters), `Welfare Cadillac` (a Guy Drake song which chastises the integrity of welfare recipients), and `A Boy Named Sue`. Cash declined to play the first two and instead selected other songs, including `The Ballad of Ira Hayes` and his own compositions, `What Is Truth` and `Man in Black`. Cash wrote that the reasons for denying Nixon`s song choices were not knowing them and having fairly short notice to rehearse them, rather than any political reason.[98] However, Cash added, even if Nixon`s office had given Cash enough time to learn and rehearse the songs, their choice of pieces that conveyed `antihippie and antiblack` sentiments might have backfired.[99] In his remarks when introducing Cash, Nixon joked that one thing he had learned about him was one did not tell him what to sing.[100] Johnny Cash was the grand marshal of the United States Bicentennial parade.[101] He wore a shirt from Nudie Cohn which sold for $25,000 in auction in 2010.[102] After the parade he gave a concert at the Washington Monument.[103] Highwaymen and departure from Columbia Records The Highwaymen members Kris Kristofferson, Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson In 1980, Cash became the Country Music Hall of Fame`s youngest living inductee at age 48, but during the 1980s, his records failed to make a major impact on the country charts, although he continued to tour successfully. In the mid-1980s, he recorded and toured with Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, and Kris Kristofferson as The Highwaymen, making three hit albums, which were released beginning with the originally titled Highwayman in 1985, followed by Highwaymen 2 in 1990, and concluding with Highwaymen – The Road Goes On Forever in 1995. During that period, Cash appeared in a number of television films. In 1981, he starred in The Pride of Jesse Hallam, winning fine reviews for a film that called attention to adult illiteracy. In 1983, he appeared as a heroic sheriff in Murder in Coweta County, based on a real-life Georgia murder case, which co-starred Andy Griffith as his nemesis. Cash relapsed into addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal injury in 1983 caused by an incident in which he was kicked and wounded by an ostrich on his farm.[104] At a hospital visit in 1988, this time to watch over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering from a heart attack), Jennings suggested that Cash have himself checked into the hospital for his own heart condition. Doctors recommended preventive heart surgery, and Cash underwent double bypass surgery in the same hospital. Both recovered, although Cash refused to use any prescription painkillers, fearing a relapse into dependency. Cash later claimed that during his operation, he had what is called a `near-death experience`. In 1984, Cash released a self-parody recording titled `The Chicken in Black` about Cash`s brain being transplanted into a chicken and Cash receiving a bank robber`s brain in return. Biographer Robert Hilburn, in his 2013 book Johnny Cash: The Life, disputes the claim made that Cash chose to record an intentionally poor song in protest of Columbia`s treatment of him. On the contrary, Hilburn writes, it was Columbia that presented Cash with the song, which Cash – who had previously scored major chart hits with comedic material such as `A Boy Named Sue` and `One Piece at a Time` – accepted enthusiastically, performing the song live on stage and filming a comedic music video in which he dresses up in a superhero-like bank-robber costume. According to Hilburn, Cash`s enthusiasm for the song waned after Waylon Jennings told Cash he looked `like a buffoon` in the music video (which was showcased during Cash`s 1984 Christmas TV special), and Cash subsequently demanded that Columbia withdraw the music video from broadcast and recall the single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed the venture `a fiasco.`[105] Between 1981 and 1984, he recorded several sessions with famed countrypolitan producer Billy Sherrill (who also produced `The Chicken in Black`), which were shelved; they would be released by Columbia`s sister label, Legacy Recordings, in 2014 as Out Among the Stars.[106] Around this time, Cash also recorded an album of gospel recordings that ended up being released by another label around the time of his departure from Columbia (this due to Columbia closing down its Priority Records division that was to have released the recordings). After more unsuccessful recordings were released between 1984 and 1985, Cash left Columbia. In 1986, Cash returned to Sun Studios in Memphis to team up with Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins to create the album Class of `55; according to Hilburn, Columbia still had Cash under contract at the time, so special arrangements had to be made to allow him to participate.[107] Also in 1986, Cash published his only novel, Man in White, a book about Saul and his conversion to become the Apostle Paul. He recorded Johnny Cash Reads The Complete New Testament in 1990. American Recordings Johnny Cash sings with a Navy lieutenant during a military event c. January 1987 After Columbia Records dropped Cash from his recording contract, he had a short and unsuccessful stint with Mercury Records from 1987 to 1991. During this time, he recorded an album of new versions of some of his best-known Sun and Columbia hits, as well as Water from the Wells of Home, a duets album that paired him with, among others, his children Rosanne Cash and John Carter Cash, as well as Paul McCartney. A one-off Christmas album recorded for Delta Records followed his Mercury contract. Though Cash would never have another chart hit from 1991 until his death, his career was rejuvenated in the 1990s, leading to popularity with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested in country music. In 1988, British post-punk musicians Marc Riley (formerly of the Fall) and Jon Langford (the Mekons) put together `Til Things Are Brighter, a tribute album featuring mostly British-based indie-rock acts` interpretations of Cash`s songs. Cash was enthusiastic about the project, telling Langford that it was a `morale booster`; Rosanne Cash later said `he felt a real connection with those musicians and very validated ... It was very good for him: he was in his element. He absolutely understood what they were tapping into, and loved it`. The album attracted press attention on both sides of the Atlantic.[108] In 1991, he sang a version of `Man in Black` for the Christian punk band One Bad Pig`s album I Scream Sunday. In 1993, he sang `The Wanderer`, the closing track of U2`s album Zooropa. According to Rolling Stone writer Adam Gold, `The Wanderer` – written for Cash by Bono, `defies both the U2 and Cash canons, combining rhythmic and textural elements of Nineties synth-pop with a Countrypolitan lament fit for the closing credits of a Seventies western.`[109] No longer sought-after by major labels, he was offered a contract with producer Rick Rubin`s American Recordings label, which had recently been rebranded from Def American, under which name it was better known for rap and hard rock. Under Rubin`s supervision, he recorded American Recordings (1994) in his living room, accompanied only by his Martin Dreadnought guitar – one of many Cash played throughout his career.[110] The album featured covers of contemporary artists selected by Rubin. The album had a great deal of critical and commercial success, winning a Grammy for Best Contemporary Folk Album. Cash wrote that his reception at the 1994 Glastonbury Festival was one of the highlights of his career. This was the beginning of a decade of music industry accolades and commercial success. He teamed up with Brooks & Dunn to contribute `Folsom Prison Blues` to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization. On the same album, he performed Bob Dylan`s `Forever Young.`[citation needed] Cash and his wife appeared on a number of episodes of the television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. He also lent his voice for a cameo role in The Simpsons episode `El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)`, as the `Space Coyote` that guides Homer Simpson on a spiritual quest. Cash was joined by guitarist Kim Thayil of Soundgarden, bassist Krist Novoselic of Nirvana, and drummer Sean Kinney of Alice in Chains for a cover of Willie Nelson`s `Time of the Preacher`, featured on the tribute album Twisted Willie, released in January 1996.[111] In 1996, Cash collaborated with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers on Unchained (also known as American Recordings II), which won the Best Country Album Grammy in 1998. The album was produced by Rick Rubin with Sylvia Massy engineering and mixing. A majority of Unchained was recorded at Sound City Studios and featured guest appearances by Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, and Marty Stuart. Believing he did not explain enough of himself in his 1975 autobiography Man in Black, he wrote Cash: The Autobiography in 1997. Later years and death Cash with President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush in 2002 In 1997, during a trip to New York City, Cash was diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disease Shy–Drager syndrome, a form of multiple system atrophy.[112] According to biographer Robert Hilburn, the disease was originally misdiagnosed as Parkinson`s disease, and Cash even announced to his audience that he had Parkinson`s after nearly collapsing on stage in Flint, Michigan, on October 25, 1997. Soon afterwards, his diagnosis was changed to Shy–Drager, and Cash was told he had about 18 months to live.[113] The diagnosis was later again altered to autonomic neuropathy associated with diabetes. The illness forced Cash to curtail his touring. He was hospitalized in 1998 with severe pneumonia, which damaged his lungs. During the last stage of his career, Cash released the albums American III: Solitary Man (2000) and American IV: The Man Comes Around (2002). American IV included cover songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably `Hurt` by Nine Inch Nails and `Personal Jesus` by Depeche Mode.[114] Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails commented that he was initially skeptical about Cash`s plan to cover `Hurt`, but was later impressed and moved by the rendition.[115] The video for `Hurt` received critical and popular acclaim, including a Grammy Award.[116][117] June Carter Cash died on May 15, 2003, aged 73.[118] June had told Cash to keep working, so he continued to record, completing 60 songs in the last four months of his life. He even performed surprise shows at the Carter Family Fold outside Bristol, Virginia. At the July 5, 2003, concert (his last public performance), before singing `Ring of Fire`, Cash read a statement that he had written shortly before taking the stage: The spirit of June Carter overshadows me tonight with the love she had for me and the love I have for her. We connect somewhere between here and Heaven. She came down for a short visit, I guess, from Heaven to visit with me tonight to give me courage and inspiration like she always has. She`s never been one for me except courage and inspiration. I thank God for June Carter. I love her with all my heart. Cash continued to record until shortly before his death. `When June died, it tore him up`, Rick Rubin recalled. `He said to me, `You have to keep me working because I will die if I don`t have something to do.` He was in a wheelchair by then and we set him up at his home in Virginia… I couldn`t listen to those recordings for two years after he died and it was heartbreaking when we did.`[119] Cash`s final recordings were made on August 21, 2003, and consisted of `Like the 309`, which appeared on American V: A Hundred Highways in 2006, and the final song he completed, `Engine 143`, recorded for his son John Carter Cash`s planned Carter Family tribute album.[120] Cash`s grave located at Hendersonville Memory Gardens in Hendersonville, Tennessee While being hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Cash died of complications from diabetes at around 2:00 am Central Time on September 12, 2003, aged 71—less than four months after his wife. He was buried next to her at Hendersonville Memory Gardens near his home in Hendersonville, Tennessee. Personal life Cash and his second wife, June Carter, in 1969 On July 18, 1951, while in Air Force basic training, Cash met 17-year-old Italian-American Vivian Liberto at a roller skating rink in San Antonio, Texas.[121] They dated for three weeks until Cash was deployed to West Germany for a three-year tour. During that time, the couple exchanged hundreds of love letters.[122] On August 7, 1954, one month after his discharge, they were married at St. Ann`s Roman Catholic Church in San Antonio. They had four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. In 1961, Cash moved his family to a hilltop home overlooking Casitas Springs, California. He had previously moved his parents to the area to run a small trailer park called the Johnny Cash Trailer Park. His drinking led to several run-ins with local law enforcement. Liberto later said that she had filed for divorce in 1966 because of Cash`s severe drug and alcohol abuse, as well as his constant touring, his repeated acts of adultery with other women, and his close relationship with singer June Carter. Their four daughters were then raised by their mother. Cash met June of the famed Carter Family while on tour, and the two became infatuated with each other. In 1968, thirteen years after they first met backstage at the Grand Ole Opry, Cash proposed to June, during a live performance in London, Ontario.[123] The couple married on March 1, 1968, in Franklin, Kentucky. They had one child together, John Carter Cash, born March 3, 1970. He was the only son for both Johnny and June. In addition to having his four daughters and John Carter, Cash also became stepfather to Carlene and Rosie, June`s daughters from her first two marriages, to, respectively, honky-tonk singer Carl Smith, and former police officer, football player, and race-car driver Edwin `Rip` Nix. Cash and Carter continued to work, raise their child, create music, and tour together for 35 years until June`s death in May 2003. Throughout their marriage, June attempted to keep Cash off amphetamines, often taking his drugs and flushing them down the toilet. June remained with him even throughout his multiple admissions for rehabilitation treatment and decades of drug addiction. After June`s death in May 2003, Cash believed that his only reason for living was his music; he died only four months later.[124] Religious beliefs Cash was raised by his parents in the Southern Baptist denomination of Christianity. He was baptized in 1944 in the Tyronza River as a member of the Central Baptist Church of Dyess, Arkansas.[125] A troubled but devout Christian,[126][127] Cash has been characterized as a `lens through which to view American contradictions and challenges.`[e][129][130] On May 9, 1971, he answered the altar call at Evangel Temple, an Assemblies of God congregation pastored by Jimmie R. Snow, with outreach to people in the music world.[131] Cash penned a Christian novel, Man in White, in 1986, and in the introduction writes about a reporter, who, interested in Cash`s religious beliefs, questioned whether the book is written from a Baptist, Catholic, or Jewish perspective. Cash replied, `I`m a Christian. Don`t put me in another box.`[132][133][134][135] In the mid-1970s, Cash and his wife, June, completed a course of study in the Bible through Christian International Bible College, culminating in a pilgrimage to Israel in November 1978.[66]: 66  Around that time, he was ordained as a minister, and officiated at his daughter`s wedding.[136] He often performed at Billy Graham Crusades. At a Tallahassee Crusade in 1986, June and Johnny sang his song `One of These Days I`m Gonna Sit Down and Talk to Paul`.[137] At a performance in Arkansas in 1989, Johnny Cash spoke to attendees of his commitment to the salvation of drug dealers and alcoholics. He then sang, `Family Bible`.[138] He recorded several gospel albums and made a spoken-word recording of the entire New King James Version of the New Testament.[139][140] Cash declared he was `the biggest sinner of them all`, and viewed himself overall as a complicated and contradictory man.[141][f] Accordingly,[g] Cash is said to have `contained multitudes`, and has been deemed `the philosopher-prince of American country music.`[145][146] Cash is credited with having converted actor and singer John Schneider to Christianity.[147] Legacy The clothes and guitar of Johnny Cash on exhibit in the Artist Gallery of the Musical Instrument Museum of Phoenix Cash nurtured and defended artists (such as Bob Dylan[49]) on the fringes of what was acceptable in country music even while serving as the country music establishment`s most visible symbol. At an all-star concert which aired in 1999 on TNT, a diverse group of artists paid him tribute, including Dylan, Chris Isaak, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Dom DeLuise, and U2. Cash himself appeared at the end and performed for the first time in more than a year. Two tribute albums were released shortly before his death; Kindred Spirits contains works from established artists, while Dressed in Black contains works from many lesser-known musicians. In total, he wrote over 1,000 songs and released dozens of albums. A box set titled Unearthed was issued posthumously. It included four CDs of unreleased material recorded with Rubin, as well as a Best of Cash on American retrospective CD. The set also includes a 104-page book that discusses each track and features one of Cash`s final interviews.[148] In 1999, Cash received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Cash number 31 on their `100 Greatest Artists of All Time` list[149][150] and No. 21 on their `100 Greatest Singers` list in 2010.[151] In 2012, Rolling Stone ranked Cash`s 1968 live album At Folsom Prison and 1994 studio album American Recordings at No. 88[152] and No. 366[153] in its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. In recognition of his lifelong support of SOS Children`s Villages, his family invited friends and fans to donate to the Johnny Cash Memorial Fund in his memory. He had a personal link with the SOS village in Dießen, at the Ammersee Lake in Bavaria, near where he was stationed as a GI, and with the SOS village in Barrett Town, by Montego Bay, near his holiday home in Jamaica.[154][155] In January 2006, Cash`s lakeside home on Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was sold to Bee Gees vocalist Barry Gibb and wife Linda for $2.3 million. On April 10, 2007, during major renovation works carried out for Gibb, a fire broke out at the house, spreading quickly due to a flammable wood preservative that had been used. The building was completely destroyed.[156] One of Cash`s final collaborations with producer Rick Rubin, American V: A Hundred Highways, was released posthumously on July 4, 2006. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard Top 200 album chart for the week ending July 22, 2006. On February 23, 2010, three days before what would have been Cash`s 78th birthday, the Cash Family, Rick Rubin, and Lost Highway Records released his second posthumous record, titled American VI: Ain`t No Grave. The main street in Hendersonville, Tennessee, Highway 31E, is known as `Johnny Cash Parkway`.[157] The Johnny Cash Museum, located in one of Cash`s properties in Hendersonville until 2006, dubbed the House of Cash, was sold based on Cash`s will. Prior to this, having been closed for a number of years, the museum had been featured in Cash`s music video for `Hurt`. The house subsequently burned down during the renovation by the new owner. A new museum, founded by Shannon and Bill Miller, opened April 26, 2013, in downtown Nashville.[158] On November 2–4, 2007, the Johnny Cash Flower Pickin` Festival was held in Starkville, Mississippi, where Cash had been arrested more than 40 years earlier and held overnight at the city jail on May 11, 1965. The incident inspired Cash to write the song `Starkville City Jail`. The festival, where he was offered a symbolic posthumous pardon, honored Cash`s life and music, and was expected to become an annual event.[159] JC Unit One, Johnny Cash`s private tour bus from 1980 until 2003, was put on exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, in 2007. The museum offers public tours of the bus on a seasonal basis (it is stored during the winter and not exhibited during those times).[160] A limited-edition Forever stamp honoring Cash went on sale June 5, 2013. The stamp features a promotional picture of Cash taken around the 1963 release of Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash.[161] On October 14, 2014, the City of Folsom unveiled phase 1 of the Johnny Cash Trail to the public with a dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by Rosanne Cash. Along the trail, eight larger-than-life public art pieces will tell the story of Johnny Cash, his connection to Folsom Prison, and his epic musical career. The Johnny Cash Trail features art selected by a committee that included Cindy Cash, a 2-acre (0.81 ha) Legacy Park, and over 3 miles (4.8 km) of multi-use class-I bike trail. The artists responsible for the sculptures are Sacramento-based Romo Studios, LLC and the Fine Art Studio of Rotblatt Amrany, from Illinois.[162] In 2015, a new species of black tarantula was identified near Folsom Prison and named Aphonopelma johnnycashi in his honor. In 2016, the Nashville Sounds Minor League Baseball team added the `Country Legends Race` to its between-innings entertainment. At the middle of the fifth inning, people in oversized foam caricature costumes depicting Cash, as well as George Jones, Reba McEntire, and Dolly Parton, race around the warning track at First Horizon Park from center field to the home plate side of the first base dugout.[163] On February 8, 2018, the album Forever Words was announced, putting music to poems that Cash had written and which were published in book form in 2016.[164] Johnny Cash`s boyhood home in Dyess was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 2018, as `Farm No. 266, Johnny Cash Boyhood Home.`[30] The Arkansas Country Music Awards honored Johnny Cash`s legacy with the Lifetime Achievement award on June 3, 2018. The ceremony was held that same date, which was a Monday night at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock in Little Rock, Arkansas. The nominations took place in early 2018.[165][166] In 2019, Sheryl Crow released a duet with Cash on her song `Redemption Day` for her final album Threads. Crow, who had originally written and recorded the song in 1996, recorded new vocals and added them to those of Cash, who recorded the song for his American VI: Ain`t No Grave album.[167] In April 2019, it was announced that the state of Arkansas would place a statue of Cash in the National Statuary Hall in an effort to represent the modern history of Arkansas. The Governor of Arkansas, Asa Hutchinson, stated that Cash`s contributions to music made him an appropriate figure to tell the story of the state.[168] Portrayals Country singer Mark Collie portrayed Cash in John Lloyd Miller`s award-winning 1999 short film I Still Miss Someone. In November 2005, Walk the Line, a biographical film about Cash`s life, was released in the United States to considerable commercial success and critical acclaim. The film featured Joaquin Phoenix as Johnny (for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor) and Reese Witherspoon as June (for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress). Phoenix and Witherspoon also won the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy and Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy, respectively. They both performed their own vocals in the film (with their version of `Jackson` being released as a single), and Phoenix learned to play guitar for the role. Phoenix received a Grammy Award for his contributions to the soundtrack. John Carter Cash, the son of Johnny and June, served as an executive producer. On March 12, 2006, Ring of Fire, a jukebox musical of the Cash oeuvre, debuted on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theater, but closed due to harsh reviews and disappointing sales on April 30. Million Dollar Quartet, a musical portraying the early Sun recording sessions involving Cash, Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins, debuted on Broadway on April 11, 2010. Actor Lance Guest portrayed Cash. The musical was nominated for three awards at the 2010 Tony Awards and won one. Robert Hilburn, veteran Los Angeles Times pop music critic, the journalist who accompanied Cash in his 1968 Folsom prison tour, and interviewed Cash many times throughout his life including months before his death, published a 688-page biography with 16 pages of photographs in 2013.[169] The meticulously reported biography is said to have filled in the 80% of Cash`s life that was unknown, including details about Cash`s battles with addiction and infidelity.[170][56][171] Awards and honors For detailed lists of music awards, see List of awards received by Johnny Cash. If there were a hall of fame for creating larger-than-life personae, Cash would no doubt have been elected to it as well. His 1971 song `Man in Black` codified an image that the singer had assumed naturally for more than fifteen years at that point. Part rural preacher, part outlaw Robin Hood, he was a blue-collar prophet who, dressed in stark contrast to the glinting rhinestones and shimmering psychedelia of the time, spoke truth to power. —Johnny Cash: Remembering the Incomparable Legend of Country, Rock and Roll, Rolling Stone.[172] Cash received multiple Country Music Association Awards, Grammys, and other awards, in categories ranging from vocal and spoken performances to album notes and videos. In a career that spanned almost five decades, Cash was the personification of country music to many people around the world. Cash was a musician who was not defined by a single genre. He recorded songs that could be considered rock and roll, blues, rockabilly, folk, and gospel, and exerted an influence on each of those genres. His diversity was evidenced by his presence in five major music halls of fame: the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame (1977), the Country Music Hall of Fame (1980), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1992), GMA`s Gospel Music Hall of Fame (2010). and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame (2013).[173][174] Marking his death in 2003, Rolling Stone stated other than Elvis Presley Cash was the only artist inducted as a performer into both the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[172] His contributions to the genre have been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.[175] Cash received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1996 and stated that his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1980 was his greatest professional achievement. In 2001, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.[176] `Hurt` was nominated for six VMAs at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. The only VMA the video won was that for Best Cinematography. With the video, Johnny Cash became the oldest artist ever nominated for an MTV Video Music Award.[177] Justin Timberlake, who won Best Video that year for `Cry Me a River`, said in his acceptance speech: `This is a travesty! I demand a recount. My grandfather raised me on Johnny Cash, and I think he deserves this more than any of us in here tonight.`[178] Discography Main articles: Johnny Cash albums discography, Johnny Cash singles discography, and Johnny Cash Sun Records discography See also: List of songs recorded by Johnny Cash Johnny Cash with His Hot and Blue Guitar! (1957) The Fabulous Johnny Cash (1958) Hymns by Johnny Cash (1959) Songs of Our Soil (1959) Now, There Was a Song! (1960) Ride This Train (1960) Hymns from the Heart (1962) The Sound of Johnny Cash (1962) Blood, Sweat and Tears (1963) The Christmas Spirit (1963) Keep on the Sunny Side (with the Carter Family) (1964) I Walk the Line (1964) Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian (1964) Orange Blossom Special (1965) Johnny Cash Sings the Ballads of the True West (1965) Everybody Loves a Nut (1966) Happiness Is You (1966) Carryin` On with Johnny Cash & June Carter (with June Carter) (1967) From Sea to Shining Sea (1968) The Holy Land (1969) Hello, I`m Johnny Cash (1970) Man in Black (1971) A Thing Called Love (1972) America: A 200-Year Salute in Story and Song (1972) The Johnny Cash Family Christmas (1972) Any Old Wind That Blows (1973) Johnny Cash and His Woman (with June Carter Cash) (1973) Ragged Old Flag (1974) The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me (1974) The Johnny Cash Children`s Album (1975) Johnny Cash Sings Precious Memories (1975) John R. Cash (1975) Look at Them Beans (1975) One Piece at a Time (1976) The Last Gunfighter Ballad (1977) The Rambler (1977) I Would Like to See You Again (1978) Gone Girl (1978) Silver (1979) A Believer Sings the Truth (1979) Johnny Cash Sings with the BC Goodpasture Christian School (1979) Rockabilly Blues (1980) Classic Christmas (1980) The Baron (1981) The Adventures of Johnny Cash (1982) Johnny 99 (1983) Highwayman (with Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson & Kris Kristofferson) (1985) Rainbow (1985) Heroes (with Waylon Jennings) (1986) Class of `55 (with Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis & Carl Perkins) (1986) Believe in Him (1986) Johnny Cash Is Coming to Town (1987) Classic Cash: Hall of Fame Series (1988) Water from the Wells of Home (1988) Boom Chicka Boom (1990) Highwayman 2 (with Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson & Kris Kristofferson) (1990) The Mystery of Life (1991) Country Christmas (1991) American Recordings (1994) The Road Goes on Forever (with Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson & Kris Kristofferson) (1995) American II: Unchained (1996) American III: Solitary Man (2000) American IV: The Man Comes Around (2002) My Mother`s Hymn Book (2004) American V: A Hundred Highways (2006) American VI: Ain`t No Grave (2010) Out Among the Stars (2014) Džoni Keš