U dobrom stanju The Saga of Hog Island: And Other Essays in Inconvenient History Paperback – January 1, 1977 by James J. Martin Publisher ‏ : ‎ Ralph Myles; First Edition (January 1, 1977) Language ‏ : ‎ English Paperback ‏ : ‎ 208 pages ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0879260211 ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0879260217 Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 11.2 ounces Martin`s additionist essays are historical correctives that have relevance to events today. The first essay tells the story of the massive world war 1 ship building yard built at Hog Island, now the site of Philadelphia International Airport. Legend has it that the `Hoagie` sandwich may have had it`s origin among the many Italian American shipyard workers. At it`s peak as many as 36,000 workers were employed on Hog Island yards. This vast facility was established to mass produce cargo ships for the WW1 war effort, along the lines of the more famous `Liberty Ships` of WW2. But the program was dogged by scandal and massive accounting `incompetence`. In the end Hog Island, owned and operated by a consortium who`s membership register reads like a `Who`s Who` of the American business and industrial elite, delivered 122 ships that cost of `at least` $235 million to build (that is $2.4 billion in 2007 dollars, ~$20M each). Most of the ships were ultimately sold for a mere $35,000 each ($353,000 in 2007 dollars). Hog Island itself was a part of a larger web of mismanagement that embraced the Shipping Board and the Emergency Fleet Corporation. `Alfred D. Lasker, who assumed the direction of the Shipping Board under President Harding, on July 16, 1921 decalred that the total government `loss` on the ship construction, operation and leasing activities during the World War came to $4,000, 000, 000- double the figure originally thought.` Corrected for inflation, those 1921 dollars amount to approximately $40.3 billion in 2007 dollar terms. In a January 31, 2005 CNN article published under the headline `Audit: U.S. lost track of $9 billion in Iraq funds`. `Nearly $9 billion of money spent on Iraqi reconstruction is unaccounted for because of inefficiencies and bad management, according to a watchdog report published Sunday.` It`s probably not being over dramatic to say that the vast `losses` in US military-industrial spending represent part of a 90 year tradition of apparently unending fiscal incompetence. On the 10th January 2000, `The Weekly Standard` declared that Winston Churchill was `Man of the Century`. In his second essay `The Consequences of World War Two to Great Britain: Twenty Years of Decline, 1939 -1959` provides a much needed tonic to Churchill worship, and his elevation to the status of prophet, as regularly recycled by the History Channel and George W Bush`s bedside reading. In 1942 Churchill declared `I have not become His Majesty`s first minister to preside over the dissolution of the British Empire.` Yet to a large extent that was his real legacy as Martin explains. Martin`s piece also illustrates the extraordinary fickleness of many American conservatives. Ever ready (and probably rightfully so) to condemn FDR for bending over too far to accomodate Josef Stalin, FDR`s `willing accomplice` Winston Churchill largely escapes scot free from conservative criticism. Yet less than a year before his famous 1946 Fulton Missouri `Iron Curtain` speech, Churchill was praising Comrade Joe in parliament. Perhaps had FDR, who died in April 1945, had lived another year he would have had time to perform a public somersault too. Martin provides an eye opening essay on Mussolini`s campaign against the mafia. Like most students of history I had heard of this but had assumed Mussolini must have conducted some kind of fascist purge or authoritarian `round up` of mafiosi. Not so. Mussolini`s campaign was quite civilised with the accused being provided legal rights and indeed many accused successfully defended themselves against the charges and walked free. Still despite these `handicaps`, Mussolini`s lawful and orderly campaign against the mobs was one of the largest and most successful campaigns against organised crime anywhere, and much of it`s gain was unravelled by a mixture of postwar chaos and some allied cooperation with the mafia. Martin explores this last angle too. Many of us have heard of Lucky Luciano`s claims to have helped protect the New York waterfront from German saboteurs and to have aided the allied advance across Sicily. These stories indeed have become legends of sort. Martin sees them as shameless self promotion from a crook on the make. The allied armoured and amphibious campaign in Sicily wasn`t dependent on local mafiosi to show them goat tracks behind the Axis lines. Martin has three essays on the Pacific War. Only one could really be called revisionist. In `Pearl Harbor: Antecedents, Background and Consequences` he outlines the background to Japanese-American rivalry in the Pacific in the decades and days before Pearl Harbor. Usually `the revisionist position` here (as if there were just one) is summarised as the claim that FDR engaged in a conspiracy over Pearl Harbor. The old mainstream belief that FDR was really an innocent victim of a surprise attack has now largely been dismissed from serious scholarship, thanks to decades worth of unpraised work by revisionist historians. The new mainstream belief is that the unheeded warnings of imminent attack were mishandled. Administrative incompetence rather then conspiracy provides a better explanation. The revised mainstream account arbitrarily assumes incompetence and conspiracy are mutually exclusive categories. More to the point was `Rainbow 5`, the then secret ABDA (Australian-British-Dutch-American) agreement `..to fight the Japanese in Asia if their forces crossed a geographic line..[which]..approximated the northerly extremity of the [Dutch East Indies].` The US government was advised that the Japanese had crossed the magic line on December 3 (Washington time) and that America`s allies naturally expected the US government to live up to it`s agreements. The apparent mishandling of reports concerning Japanese fleet movements in the northern pacific need to be considered with the ABDA timeline in mind. Considering the great difficulty the administration had in having conscription passed in Congress, it squeaked through by just one vote, a certain degree of planned incompetence, an art form familiar to anyone who has worked in a bureaucracy can attest to, is not an unreasonable explanation (although one inherently and deliberately hard to prove). Nor is such a hypothesis equivalent to Roswell UFOs or the Bavarian Illuminati as anti-conspiracists like to maintain. Martin also essays the stories of Colin Kelly and `Tokyo Rose`. Kelly was an airman who died early in the Philippines campaign after his aircraft was hit following an indecisive attack on a second or third tier Japanese vessel, probably a supply transport. In the dark days of continuous bad news from the Pacific his deeds were inflated to legendary status by the media, and indeed the administration, until it sounded as if he single handedly sank a battleship in a one-man kamikaze attack. Subsequent revisions of the official account deflated the Kelly story down to a footnote before disappearing in later versions. The whole story seems to echo in the 2003 Jessica Lynch story. Times indeed have changed, the spin cycle is faster these days. The `Tokyo Rose` essay details how a soldiers` myth, that there was one seductive Japanese propaganda broadcaster luring GIs with tales of unfaithful girlfriends back home, led to a miscarriage of justice that scarred the life of Iva Toguri, a young Japanese American woman accidentally caught up in Japan whilst visiting family in the days surrounding Pearl Harbor. Toguri, one of many english language broadcasters was made carry the can for the lot. With the boom in recent years of feminist and multicultural studies, all under the history banner, it is surprising that Martin`s `The Framing of Tokyo Rose`, especially with it`s hints of sexuality, hasn`t become a standard in gender studies. This too has modern references, and not just in the United States. The current `War on Terror` is leaving in it`s wake a growing `bodycount` of innocent bystanders caught at the wrong place, often to become the victims of tragic miscarriages of justice as government security apparatus strikes out at it`s elusive quarry. The book is rounded off with three brief appendix essays, essentially magazine articles. The first compares the blacklists imposed on Axis commerce in South America by the US in the years before Pearl Harbor to the attempted Arab boycott of jewish owned firms in the US in 1975. The second discusses the Morgenthau Plan and the third is a brief history of political assassination in the first half of the 20th century. The last article is definitely the best, the Morgenthau Plan article is not comprehensive and seems to have been prematurely ended, neglecting to cover it`s demise and the boycott article seems to me to be `drawing a long bow`. The Rockefeller administered Axis boycott in South America, whatever else it was, was part of an actual economic warfare plan, the Arab boycott barely deserved the name and was almost entirely a propaganda campaign lacking serious enforcement teeth. If anything it probably boomeranged and hardened international opinion against the Arab campaign. `The Saga of Hog Island` is recommended to anyone interested in modern history.

LYNN HAROLD HOUGH THE MEANING OF HUMAN EXPERIENCE Izdavač - Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, New York Godina - 1945 368 strana 24 cm Povez - Tvrd Stanje - Kao na slici, tekst bez podvlačenja SADRŽAJ: BASIC CONSIDERATIONS Chapter I: CONFRONTING THE HUMAN 1. The Men We Can Scarcely See. 2. The Men of the River Valleys. 3. The Men of Masterful Mind. 4. The Man Who Controls Other Men. 5. The Everlasting Barbarian. 6. The Men of Slippery Mind. 7. The Men Who Made Words Slaves. 8. The Men Who Enshrined Memories. 9. The Men Who Captured Dreams. 10. The Men Who Were Disturbed by the Moral Voice. 11. The Men Who Made Nations. 12. The Men Who Made Republics. 13. The Men Who Made Machines. 14. The Men Who Became Machines. 15. The Interpreters of the Battle of Impulses and Ideas. 16. The Alluring and Betraying Utopias. 17. The Men Who Have Seen Individuals Sharply. 18. The Man Everyman Sees. Chapter II: KNOWING AND THINKING. 1. The Necessary Assumptions. 2. The Possibility of Universal Skepticism. 3. The Mistakes of the Thinkers. 4. Freedom. 5. The Great Correlation: Thinker, Thought, Thing. 6. What the Mind Brings to Experience. Chapter III: THE NATURE OF THE REAL. 1. Materialism. 2. Realism. 3. Idealism. 4. Impersonal Realism. 5. Impersonal Idealism. 6. Personal Realism. 7. Personal Idealism. Chapter IV: THE ULTIMATE PERSON 1. The Ground of a Community of Personal Experience. 2. The Ground of the Existence of Persons. 3. Explaining the Personal by Means of the Impersonal. 4. Explaining the Impersonal by Means of the Personal. 5. Human Personality. 6. Divine Personality. 7. The Security of Experience in the Ultimate Person. 8. Moving Back to the Major Premise from the World of Experience. 9. Moving from the Ultimate Person Back to History. Chapter V: THE SPEECH OF THE GREAT PERSON. 1. The Speech of the Creator. 2. God`s Speech in Man. 3. God`s Speech in Nature. 4. `Natural Theology.` 5. Has God Spoken in the Ethnic Religions? 6. Classification of Religions. 7. The Ethnic Religions and `Natural Theology.` 8. The Ethnic Religions and Revelation. 9. Is There a Higher Revelation? THE HEBREW-CHRISTIAN WITNESS Chapter VI: THE RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE OF ISRAEL. 1. The Adventure of Man with Nature. 2. The Adventure of Man with Man. 3. The Adventure of Man with God. 4. The Unique Adventure in Palestine. 5. The God with a Character. 6. Borrowing and Transform- ing. 7. Things Left Behind. 8. Truths Apart from Experience. 9. Truth in Experience. 10. The Striking Individuals. 11. The Dedicated People. Chapter VII: THE HEBREW PROPHETS. 1. Elijah and Elisha. 2. Amos. 3. Hosea. 4. Isaiah. 5. Micah. 6. Jeremiah. 7. Nahum. 8. The Isaiah of the Exile. 9. Ezekiel. 10. God Meets Men at the Central Place of Their Own Experience. Chapter VIII: `THE REIGN OF LAW`. 1. Old Testament Laws. 2. Law as Convention. 3. Law as Ritual. 4. Natural Law. 5. Law as the Correlation of Human Sanctions. 6. Law as the Correlation of Divine Sanctions. 7. The Law in the Heart. Chapter IX: THE BATTLE WITH DOUBT AND THE LYRICAL VOICES 1. Habakkuk. 2. Job. 3. The Hero of the Book of Psalms. 4. The Indi- vidual Experiences of the Book of Psalms. 5. The Humanism of the Psalms. 6. The Evangelical Note in the Psalms. 7. The Law Is Taught to Sing. 8. Social Insights of the Psalms. 9. The Tragedies of the Book of Psalms. 10. The Triumphant Joy of the Psalms. 11. The Hallelujah Chorus. Chapter X: SERMONS ON HISTORY. 1. Samuel. 2. Saul. 3. David. 4. Solomon. 5. The Choice of Rehoboam. 6. Hezekiah. 7. Josiah. 8. The Living Forces in History. 9. The Divine Meanings in History. Chapter XI: THE STORY OF A BRIDGE 1. The Exile. 2. The Return from Exile. 3. The Resurrection of the Nation. 4. Persia. 5. Babylon. 6. Alexandria. 7. The Decadent Greeks. 8. The Great Patriots. 9. Rome. 10. The Fresh Insights. 11. Casually Accepted Beliefs. 12. The New Imperial World. Chapter XII: THE HUMAN LIFE DIVINE 1. The Portrait of Christ in the Gospels. 2. Vital Perfection. 3. The Compelling Person. 4. The Words. 5. The Great Insights. 6. The Deeds and the Life. 7. The Great Invitation and the Great Divide. 8. The Personal Experience Back of the Gospels. 9. The Criticism of Christian Experience. 10. The Human Life Divine. Chapter XIII: RELIGION AS REDEMPTION 1. Ideas Connected with Religion as Redemption. 2. The Classical Form of Christian Experience. 3. Some Historical Examples. 4. The Reverse Approach to Paul Through Twenty Centuries of Christian Experience. 5. The Pauline Theology and Classical Christianity. 6. `Other Sheep.` 7. Great Christians Who Were Not Evangelicals. 8. The Soft Substitutes. 9. The Modern Experience of Redemption. Chapter XIV: RELIGION AS APOCALYPSE 1. The Conditions of the Rise of Apocalyptic Literature. 2. Sense of Complete Frustration in the Presence of Evil Powers. 3. The Faith of the Hopeless Minority. 4. The Appeal from the Acts of Men to the Acts of God. 5. Mysterious Symbolisms Whose Central Message Is Obvious to the Oppressed. 6. Apocalyptic Writing as a Literature of Consolation. 7. Apocalyptic Writing as a Literature of Triumphant Hope. 8. Apocalypse as a Philosophy of History. 9. Modern European Theology and the Apocalyptic Mood. 10. The Permanent Significance of the Apocalyptic Elements in the Christian Religion. Chapter XV: THE QUEEN OF THE SCIENCES 1. Science as Measurement. 2. The Larger Conception of Science. 3. Theology, the Keystone of the Arch. 4. Exegetical Theology. 5. Biblical Theology. 6. Philosophical Theology. 7. The Greek Theology. 8. The Latin Theology. 9. The Intellect and the Will. 10. The Reformation Takes Theological Forms. 11. The Theology of Fulfillment. 12. The Theology of Crisis. 13. The Theology of Social Action. 14. The Great Synthesis. THE HUMANISTIC TRADITION Chapter XVI: THY SONS, O GREECE. 1. The Living Process. 2. The Mingling of Primitive and Civilized Life. 3. The Direct Gaze at Nature. 4. The Direct Gaze at Man. 5. The Dangerous Gift of Abstraction: the Good, the Beautiful, and the True. 6. The Living Faith in the Ideal. 7. The Halfway Houses: the Things Which Seem Better than Gods; the Virtues Which Have Fruits Without Roots. 8. The Deliverance from Abstraction. 9. Athens and Jerusalem. Chapter XVII: CRITICS OF MANY LANDS 1. The Voice of the Critic. 2. Through the Eyes of Aristotle. 3. Longinus and the Great Soul. 4. Cicero and the Battle Between Appetite and Reason. 5. Quintilian Directs the Man with a Voice. 6. Lucian Scorns His World. 7. Boethius Confronts Tragedy. 8. Thomas Aquinas Finds Reason in Theology. 9. Pico della Mirandola Finds the Dignity of Man. 10. Francis Bacon Turns to Nature and Misunderstands Human Values. 11. Dryden Comes to His Throne. 12. France Attains a Fine Certainty. 13. The Coffee House Becomes Articulate. 14. Dean Swift Castigates. 15. Dr. Johnson Pontificates. 16. Burke Beholds Sublimity. 17. Sainte-Beuve Writes Royally. 18. Carlyle`s Clouds and Darkness and Flashing Light. 19. Matthew Arnold Remembers the Best That Has Been Thought and Said in the World. 20. Ruskin Teaches Beauty to Face Social Responsibility. 21. Saintsbury, the Hedonist. 22. Physics and Biology Rampant. 23. The Freudians Inspire Literary Criticism. 24. The Social Radicals Have Their Day in Court. 25. Humanism Becomes Mighty in Irving Babbitt. 26. Humanism Becomes Christian in Paul Elmer More. 27, Evangelical Humanism Chapter XVIII: FICTION FINDS TRUTH AND FALSEHOOD 1. Escape. 2. Adventure. 3. Vicarious Satisfaction. 4. By the Light of a Thousand Campfires. 5. By the Lamps of a Thousand Libraries. 6. By the Fireplaces of a Thousand Homes. 7. The Isolated Reader Who Finds a Society in Books. 8. Fiction Heightens and Dramatizes Life. 9. Fiction Photographs Human Life. 10. Fiction Brings Back Golden Memories. 11. Fiction Brings Back Memories That Corrode and Burn. 12. Fiction Criticizes Life. 13. Fiction Records the Adventures of the Soul. 14. Fiction as the Voice of the Body. 15. Fiction Gives Life to Great Hopes. 16. Fiction Interprets Life. 17. Fiction and the Rights of the Soul Chapter XIX: POETRY OPENS AND CLOSES ITS EYES 1. Homer. 2. The Greek Tragedians. 3. Vergil. 4. Dante. 5. Chaucer. 6. Spenser. 7. Shakespeare. 8. Marlowe. 9. O Rare Ben Jonson. 10. John Donne. 11. Other Metaphysical Poets. 12. Alexander Pope. 13. John Keats. 14. Shelley. 15. Lord Byron. 16. Wordsworth. 17. Browning. 18. Tennyson. 19. Goethe. 20. Longfellow. 21. Lowell. 22. Whitman. 23. Hardy. 24. D. H. Lawrence. 25. Robert Bridges. 26. Edwin Arlington Robinson. 27. T. S. Eliot. 28. Robert Frost. 29. Decadent Poetry. 30. Finding One`s Way. Chapter XX: BIOGRAPHY HIDES AND TELLS ITS SECRETS 1. How Much Can We Know About Particular People? 2. How Much Can Particular People Know About Themselves? 3. Can We Know a Man`s Secret? 4. Through the Civilized Eyes of Plutarch. 5. Through the Spacious Eyes of Macaulay. 6. The Sensitive Plate of Sainte-Beuve. 7. The Biographical Detective Appears in Gamaliel Bradford. 8. The Perceptive Analysis of Gilbert Chesterton. 9. The Heroes. 10. The Saints. 11. The Statesmen. 12. The Thinkers. 13. The Scientists. 14. The Preachers. 15. The Reformers. 16. The Women. 17. The Men. 18. The Valley of Decision Chapter XXI: HISTORY AND THE CHRISTIAN SANCTIONS 1. The Breakdown of the Older States. 2. The Debacle in Greece. 3. The Debacle in Rome. 4. The Debacle in the Middle Ages. 5. The Debacle in the Renaissance. 6. The Debacle in the Reformation. 7. The Debacle in the Enlightenment. 8. The Debacle of the French Revolution. 9. The Debacle in the Society of Science. 10. The Debacle of the Society of Social Blueprints. 11. The Debacle in the Society of the Machine Age. 12. The Debacle of the Great Reversion. 13. Democracy Faces Fate. 14. The Judgment of the Christian Sanctions. THE EVANGELICAL SYNTHESIS Chapter XXII: ALL THE STREAMS FLOW TOGETHER. 1. Physical Well-Being. 2. Moral Well-Being. 3. Intellectual Well-Being. 4. Spiritual Well-Being. 5. Social Well-Being. 6. The Tragedy of Ignorance. 7. The Solution of the Problem of Ignorance. 8. The Tragedy of Incompleteness. 9. The Solution of the Problem of Incompleteness. 10. The Tragedy of Sin. 11. The Solution of the Problem of Sin. 12. The Tragedy of Social Disintegration. 13. The Solution of the Problem of Social Disintegration. 14. The Religion of Revelation. 15. The Religion of the Incarnation. 16. The Religion of the Cross. 17. Christus Imperator. Chapter XXIII: THE TRAGEDY OF THE GREAT GREGARIOUSNESS 1. The All-Inclusiveness of Hinduism. 2. The Nest of Fallacies. 3. You Cannot Affirm a Thing Without Denying Its Opposite. 4. A Relative Insight Is Not an Insight. 5. A Relative Loyalty Is Not a Loyalty. 6. A Relative Truth Is Not a Truth. 7. The Ladder of Confusion. 8. The Great Gregariousness Becomes the Complete Blackout. 9. The Great Distinctions. 10. The Living Corpus of Dependable Truth. Chapter XXIV: THE TRANSFIGURATION OF ETHICS. 1. Codes and Practice. 2. The Man with Ethical Experience. 3. The Personal and the Impersonal. 4. The Great Dilemma. 5. The Solution of the Antinomian. 6. The Conventional Solution. 7. The Solution of Those Who Get Lost in Details. 8. The Solution of a Shrewd Prac- ticality. 9. The Solution of Despair. 10. The Solution of Faith. 11. The Searching Power Which Christianity Brings to Ethics. 12. The New Spirit Which Christianity Brings to Ethics. 13. The Lyrical Gladness Which Christianity Brings to Ethics. 14. Christianity and the Creative Ethical Life. Chapter XXV: BEYOND THESE VOICES. 1. The Creature Who Must Have Eternity. 2. The Claims of the Unful- filled. 3. The Claims of Those Who Cry Out Against the Injustices of Time. 4. Man Without Eternity. 5. Eternity Without Man. 6. The Faith Written in the Soul of Man. 7. The Men of Social Passion Who Fear the Belief in Immortality. 8. The Final Adjudication. 9. The Faithful God. Index Ako Vas nešto zanima, slobodno pošaljite poruku. Aristotle Matthew Arnold Athanasius Karl Barth Robert Browning Oscar Cargill Cicero Charles Dickens William Fairweather Charles Kingsley Martin Luther William Robertson Nicoll Plato Socrates